Asetiltransferase
Asetiltransferase (juga disebut sebagai transasetilase) adalah salah satu kelas enzim transferase yang mentransfer gugus asetil dalam reaksi yang disebut asetilasi. Dalam organisme biologis, modifikasi pascatranslasi pada sebuah protein melalui asetilasi dapat mengubah fungsinya secara mendalam dengan mengubah berbagai sifat seperti hidrofobisitas, kelarutan, dan atribut permukaan.[1] Perubahan-perubahan ini berpotensi memengaruhi konformasi protein tersebut serta interaksinya dengan substrat, kofaktor, dan makromolekul lainnya.[1]
Jenis-jenis asetiltransferase
| Asetiltransferase | Substrat | Gen | Lokus kromosom pada manusia | Kelompok gen | Singkatan |
| Histon asetiltransferase | Residu lisina dari histon[1] | HAT1[2] | 2q31.1[2] | Lisina asetiltransferase[2] | HAT |
| Kolina asetiltransferase | Kolina[3] | CHAT[4] | 10q11.23[4] | NA | ChAT[3] |
| Serotonin N-asetiltransferase | Serotonin | AANAT[5] | 17q25.1[5] | GCN5-terkait N-asetiltransferase[5] | AANAT[5] |
| NatA asetiltransferase | N-terminus dari berbagai protein saat muncul dari ribosom | NAA15[6] | 4q31.1[6] | Subunit N-alfa-asetiltransferase yang mengandung domain heliks seperti Armadillo[6] | NatA[6] |
| NatB asetiltransferase | Peptida yang dimulai dengan Met-Asp/Glu/Asn/Gln[7] | NAA25[8] | 12q24.13[8] | Subunit N-alfa-asetiltransferase dari gen inang penyandi protein mikroRNA[8] | NatB[8] |
Contoh tambahan asetiltransferase yang ditemukan di alam meliputi:
Struktur
Struktur tiga dimensi histon, kolina, dan serotonin asetiltransferase yang diprediksi ditampilkan di bawah ini.[butuh rujukan] Seperti semua enzim, struktur asetiltransferase sangat penting bagi interaksi antara enzim tersebut dan substratnya; perubahan pada struktur enzim ini sering kali mengakibatkan hilangnya aktivitas enzimatik.
Lihat pula
Referensi
- ^ a b c Marmorstein R, Zhou MM (July 2014). "Writers and readers of histone acetylation: structure, mechanism, and inhibition". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 6 (7) a018762. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a018762. PMC 4067988. PMID 24984779.
- ^ a b c Verreault A, Kaufman PD, Kobayashi R, Stillman B (January 1998). "Nucleosomal DNA regulates the core-histone-binding subunit of the human Hat1 acetyltransferase". Current Biology. 8 (2): 96–108. Bibcode:1998CBio....8...96V. doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(98)70040-5. PMID 9427644. S2CID 201273.
- ^ a b Kim AR, Rylett RJ, Shilton BH (December 2006). "Substrate binding and catalytic mechanism of human choline acetyltransferase". Biochemistry. 45 (49): 14621–14631. doi:10.1021/bi061536l. PMID 17144655.
- ^ a b Strauss WL, Kemper RR, Jayakar P, Kong CF, Hersh LB, Hilt DC, Rabin M (February 1991). "Human choline acetyltransferase gene maps to region 10q11-q22.2 by in situ hybridization". Genomics. 9 (2): 396–398. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90273-H. PMID 1840566.
- ^ a b c d Coon SL, Mazuruk K, Bernard M, Roseboom PH, Klein DC, Rodriguez IR (May 1996). "The human serotonin N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.87) gene (AANAT): structure, chromosomal localization, and tissue expression". Genomics. 34 (1): 76–84. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0243. PMID 8661026.
- ^ a b c d Arnesen T, Van Damme P, Polevoda B, Helsens K, Evjenth R, Colaert N, et al. (May 2009). "Proteomics analyses reveal the evolutionary conservation and divergence of N-terminal acetyltransferases from yeast and humans". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (20): 8157–8162. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.8157A. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901931106. PMC 2688859. PMID 19420222.
- ^ Hong H, Cai Y, Zhang S, Ding H, Wang H, Han A (April 2017). "Molecular Basis of Substrate Specific Acetylation by N-Terminal Acetyltransferase NatB". Structure. 25 (4): 641–649.e3. doi:10.1016/j.str.2017.03.003. PMID 28380339.
- ^ a b c d Van Damme P, Lasa M, Polevoda B, Gazquez C, Elosegui-Artola A, Kim DS, et al. (July 2012). "N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (31): 12449–12454. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10912449V. doi:10.1073/pnas.1210303109. PMC 3412031. PMID 22814378.
Pranala luar
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