Bapa Gurun

Bapa Gurun (bersama dengan Ibu Gurun) adalah para eremit, asketik, dan biarawan gereja perdana yang biasanya tinggal di gurun Scetes, Mesir yang bermula dari sekitar abad ketiga Masehi. Apophthegmata Patrum adalah sebuah kumpulan tulisan kebijaksanaan dari beberapa biarawan dan biarawati gurun awal, yang masih dicetak sebagai Perkataan Bapa Gurun. Tokoh paling terkenalnya adalah Antonius Agung, yang pindah ke gurun pada 270–271 Masehi dan dikenal sebagai bapa sekaligus pendiri monastisisme gurun. pada waktu Antonius wafat pada 356 Masehi, ribuan biarawan dan biarawati menetap di gurun mengikuti contoh Antonius—biografernya, Atanasius dari Aleksandria, menulis bahwa "gurun telah menjadi sebuah kota."^[1] Bapa Gurun memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap perkembangan Kekristenan.

Referensi

Catatan kaki

^ Chryssavgis 2008, hlm. 15.

Daftar pustaka

Athanasius of Alexandria (1892). "Life of St. Anthony" . Dalam Schaff, Philip; Wace, Henry (ed.). A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, Second Series. Vol. 4. Buffalo, New York: Christian Literature Publishing Company.

Binns, John (2006). "Modern Spirituality and the Orthodox Church". Dalam Angold, Michael (ed.). The Cambridge History of Christianity. Volume 5: Eastern Christianity. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 580–599. doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521811132.025. ISBN 978-0-521-81113-2.

Burton-Christie, Douglas (1993). The Word in the Desert: Scripture and the Quest for Holiness in Early Christian Monasticism. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-508333-0.

Chryssavgis, John (2008). In the Heart of the Desert: The Spirituality of the Desert Fathers and Mothers (Edisi rev.). Bloomington, Indiana: World Wisdom. ISBN 978-1-933316-56-7.

Egan, Harvey D. (1996). An Anthology of Christian Mysticism (Edisi 2nd). Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press. ISBN 978-0-8146-6012-6.

Gregory, Timothy E.; Kazhdan, Alexander P. (1991). "Cassian, John". Dalam Kazhdan, Alexander P. (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Vol. 1. New York: Oxford University Press (dipublikasikan 2005). ISBN 978-0-19-518792-2.

Guillaumont, Antoine (1979). "Une inscription copte sur la prière de Jesus". Aux origines du monachisme chrétien: Pour une phénoménologie du monachisme. Spiritualité orientale et vie monastique (dalam bahasa Prancis). Vol. 30. Bégrolles-en-Mauges, France: Abbaye de Bellefontaine. hlm. 168–183.

Harmless, William (2000). "Remembering Poemen Remembering: The Desert Fathers and the Spirituality of Memory". Church History. 69 (3): 483–518. doi:10.2307/3169395. ISSN 1755-2613. JSTOR 3169395.

⸻ (2004). Desert Christians: An Introduction to the Literature of Early Monasticism. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/0195162234.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-516222-6.

Irvin, Dale T.; Sundquist, Scott W. (2001). History of the World Christian Movement. Edinburgh: T&T Clark. ISBN 978-0-567-08866-6.

Keller, David G. R. (2005). Oasis of Wisdom: The Worlds of the Desert Fathers and Mothers. Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press. ISBN 978-0-8146-3034-1.

McGinn, Bernard, ed. (2006). The Essential Writings of Christian Mysticism. New York: Modern Library. ISBN 978-0-8129-7421-8.

Merton, Thomas (1960). Wisdom of the Desert. New York: New Directions (dipublikasikan 1970). ISBN 978-0-8112-0102-5. ;

Meyendorff, John (1974). St Gregory Palamas and Orthodox Spirituality. Diterjemahkan oleh Fiske, Adele. Crestwood, New York: St Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 978-0-913836-11-8.

Nes, Solrunn (2007). The Uncreated Light: An Iconographical Study of the Transfiguration in the Eastern Church. Diterjemahkan oleh Moi, Arlyne. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-1764-8.

Parry, Ken; Melling, David J.; Brady, Dimitri; Griffith, Sidney H.; Healy, John F., ed. (1999). The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-0-631-23203-2.

Peterson, Michael D. (2008). "Hesychasm". Dalam Benedetto, Robert (ed.). The New Westminster Dictionary of Church History. Volume 1: The Early, Medieval, and Reformation Eras. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press. hlm. 304–305. ISBN 978-0-664-22416-5.

Riddle, John M. (2008). A History of the Middle Ages, 300–1500. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-5409-2.

Rock, Stella (2006). "Russian Piety and Orthodox Culture, 1380–1589". Dalam Angold, Michael (ed.). The Cambridge History of Christianity. Volume 5: Eastern Christianity. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 253–275. doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521811132.012. ISBN 978-0-521-81113-2.

Waddell, Helen (1957) [1936]. The Desert Fathers. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-06008-5. ;

Ward, Benedicta, ed. (1984). The Sayings of the Desert Fathers: The Alphabetical Collection (PDF) (Edisi rev.). Kalamazoo, Michigan: Cistercian Publications. ISBN 978-0-87907-959-8. Diakses tanggal 24 June 2018.

Ware, Kallistos (2000). The Inner Kingdom. Crestwood, New York: St Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 978-0-88141-209-3.

Wilfong, Terry G. (1998). "The Non-Muslim Communities: Christian Communities". Dalam Petry, Carl F. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Egypt. Volume 1: Islamic Egypt, 640–1517. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press (dipublikasikan 2006). hlm. 175–197. ISBN 978-0-521-47137-4. Diakses tanggal 24 June 2018.

Wortley, John, ed. (2012). The Book of the Elders: Sayings of the Desert Fathers. Diterjemahkan oleh Wortley, John. Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press. ISBN 978-0-87907-201-8.

[FOOTNOTEChryssavgis200815-1] Chryssavgis 2008, hlm. 15.

[1]

Bapa Gurun

Referensi

Catatan kaki

Daftar pustaka

Content Disclaimer