Enzim steroidogenik

Steroidogenesis hormon steroid.[1]

Enzim steroidogenik adalah enzim yang terlibat dalam steroidogenesis dan biosintesis steroid.[2][3][4][5] Enzim-enzim ini bertanggung jawab atas biosintesis hormon steroid—termasuk steroid seks (androgen, estrogen, dan progestogen) serta kortikosteroid (glukokortikoid dan mineralokortikoid), dan juga neurosteroid—dari kolesterol. Enzim steroidogenik paling banyak diekspresikan di jaringan steroidogenik klasik seperti testis, ovarium, dan korteks adrenal, namun juga terdapat di jaringan tubuh lainnya.[3][4][5]

Daftar

  • Desmolase steroid
  • Hidroksilase steroid
    • 11β-Hidroksilase – sintesis kortikosteroid
    • 17α-Hidroksilase – sintesis androgen dan glukokortikoid
    • 18-Hidroksilase (aldosteron sintase) – sintesis mineralokortikoid
    • 21-Hidroksilase – sintesis kortikosteroid
    • Sitokrom P450 (CYP1, 2, 3) – metabolisme estrogen
  • Dehidrogenase hidroksisteroid (dan ketosteroid reduktase)
    • Dehidrogenase 3α-hidroksisteroid – sintesis dan metabolisme androgen, progestogen, dan neurosteroid
    • Dehidrogenase 3β-hidroksisteroid/Δ5-4-isomerase (1, 2) – sintesis androgen, progestogen, dan neurosteroid
    • Dehidrogenase 11β-hidroksisteroid (1, 2) – sintesis dan metabolisme kortikosteroid
    • Dehidrogenase 17β-hidroksisteroid (1–15) – sintesis dan metabolisme androgen, estrogen, dan progestogen
    • Dehidrogenase 20α-hidroksisteroid – sintesis dan metabolisme progestogen
    • 20β-Hidroksisteroid dehidrogenase – sintesis dan metabolisme progestogen
Penomoran steroid.
  • Reduktase steroid
    • 5α-Reduktase (1, 2, 3) – sintesis androgen dan neurosteroid, metabolisme progestogen
    • 5β-Reduktase – metabolisme androgen dan progestogen, sintesis neurosteroid
  • Konjugasi (dan dekonjugasi)
    • Glukuronosiltransferase (UGT2Bs) – metabolisme steroid[6]
    • Glukuronidase (β-glukuronidase) – sintesis steroid[7]
    • Sulfotransferase steroid (SULT1A1, 1E1, 2A1, 2B1a, 2B1b) – metabolisme steroid, sintesis neurosteroid[8]
    • Sulfatase steroid – sintesis steroid, metabolisme neurosteroid[8]
  • Lainnya
    • Aromatase (sintetase estrogen) – sintesis estrogen

Lihat juga

Referensi

  1. ^ Häggström, Mikael; Richfield, David (2014). "Diagram of the pathways of human steroidogenesis". WikiJournal of Medicine (dalam bahasa Inggris). 1 (1). doi:10.15347/wjm/2014.005.
  2. ^ Hanukoglu I (Des 1992). "Steroidogenic enzymes: structure, function, and role in regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis". The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 43 (8): 779–804. doi:10.1016/0960-0760(92)90307-5. PMID 22217824. S2CID 112729.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
  3. ^ a b Payne AH, Hales DB (2004). "Overview of steroidogenic enzymes in the pathway from cholesterol to active steroid hormones". Endocr. Rev. 25 (6): 947–70. doi:10.1210/er.2003-0030. PMID 15583024.
  4. ^ a b Luu-The V, Labrie F (2010). "The Intracrine Sex Steroid Biosynthesis Pathways". Neuroendocrinology: The Normal Neuroendocrine System. Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 181. hlm. 177–92. doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(08)81010-2. ISBN 9780444536174. PMID 20478438.
  5. ^ a b Honour JW (2009). "Diagnosis of diseases of steroid hormone production, metabolism and action". J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 1 (5): 209–26. doi:10.4274/jcrpe.v1i5.209. PMC 3005746. PMID 21274298.
  6. ^ Guillemette C, Lévesque E, Harvey M, Bellemare J, Menard V (2010). "UGT genomic diversity: beyond gene duplication". Drug Metab. Rev. 42 (1): 24–44. doi:10.3109/03602530903210682. hdl:20.500.11794/10528. PMID 19857043. S2CID 32737680.
  7. ^ William Fishman (2 Desember 2012). Metabolic Conjugation and Metabolic Hydrolysis, Volume II. Elsevier. hlm. 1–. ISBN 978-0-323-14308-0.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
  8. ^ a b Mueller JW, Gilligan LC, Idkowiak J, Arlt W, Foster PA (2015). "The Regulation of Steroid Action by Sulfation and Desulfation". Endocr. Rev. 36 (5): 526–63. doi:10.1210/er.2015-1036. PMC 4591525. PMID 26213785.

Templat:Cholesterol and steroid metabolism enzymes

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