Evolusi primata
Riwayat evolusi primata dapat ditelusuri sejak 57-90 juta tahun lampau.[1] Salah satu spesies mamalia serupa primata tertua yang diketahui, Plesiadapis, berasal dari Amerika Utara;[2] lainnya, Archicebus, berasal dari Tiongkok.[3] Primata awal semacam itu lainnya meliputi Altiatlasius dan Algeripithecus, yang ditemukan di Afrika Utara.[4][5] Primata basal serupa lainnya menyebar di Eurasia dan Afrika pada kondisi tropis Paleosen dan Eosen. Purgatorius adalah genus dari empat spesies punah yang diyakini menjadi salah satu contoh terawal dari primata atua proto-primata, sebuah pendahulu primatomorph dari Plesiadapiformes, yang berasal dari 66 juta tahun lampau.
Referensi
- ^ Maxwell 1984, hlm. 296
- Rui Zhang; Yin-Qiu Wang; Bing Su (July 2008). "Molecular Evolution of a Primate-Specific microRNA Family". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 25 (7). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution: 1493–1502. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn094. PMID 18417486.
- Willoughby, Pamela R. (2005). "Palaeoanthropology and the Evolutionary Place of Humans in Nature". International Journal of Comparative Psychology. 18 (1). International Society for Comparative Psychology: 60–91. doi:10.46867/IJCP.2005.18.01.02.
- Martin 2001, hlm. 12032–12038
- Tavaré, Simon; Marshall, Charles R.; Will, Oliver; et al. (April 18, 2002). "Using the fossil record to estimate the age of the last common ancestor of extant primates". Nature. 416 (6882). London: Nature Publishing Group: 726–729. Bibcode:2002Natur.416..726T. doi:10.1038/416726a. PMID 11961552.
- ^ Rose, Kenneth D. (1994). "The earliest primates". Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews. 3 (5). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons: 159–173. doi:10.1002/evan.1360030505.
- Fleagle, John; Gilbert, Chris (2011). Rowe, Noel; Myers, Marc (ed.). "Primate Evolution". All The World's Primates. Charlestown, RI: Primate Conservation, Inc. Diakses tanggal 2015-04-27.
- Roach, John (March 3, 2008). "Oldest Primate Fossil in North America Discovered". National Geographic News. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society. Diakses tanggal 2015-04-27.
- McMains, Vanessa (December 5, 2011). "Found in Wyoming: New fossils of oldest American primate". The Gazette. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University. Diakses tanggal 2015-04-27.
- Caldwell, Sara B. (May 19, 2009). "Missing link found, early primate fossil 47 million years old". Digital Journal. Toronto, Canada: digitaljournal.com. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 22 May 2009. Diakses tanggal 2015-04-27.
- Watts, Alex (May 20, 2009). "Scientists Unveil Missing Link In Evolution". Sky News Online. London: BSkyB. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2011-07-28. Diakses tanggal 2015-04-27.
- ^ Wilford, J. N. (June 5, 2013). "Palm-size fossil resets primates' clock, scientists say". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal June 5, 2013.
- ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda
<ref>tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernamaAltiatlasius - ^ Tabuce, R.; Marivaux, L.; Lebrun, R.; Adaci, M.; Bensalah, M.; Fabre, P. -H.; Fara, E.; Gomes Rodrigues, H.; Hautier, L.; Jaeger, J. -J.; Lazzari, V.; Mebrouk, F.; Peigne, S.; Sudre, J.; Tafforeau, P.; Valentin, X.; Mahboubi, M. (2009). "Anthropoid versus strepsirhine status of the African Eocene primates Algeripithecus and Azibius: Craniodental evidence". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 276 (1676): 4087–4094. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1339. PMC 2821352. PMID 19740889.
Daftar pustaka
- Cameron, David W. (2004). Hominid Adaptations and Extinctions. Sydney: UNSW Press. ISBN 978-0-86840-716-6. LCCN 2004353026. OCLC 57077633.
- Campbell, Bernard (1998). Human Evolution: An Introduction to Man's Adaptations (Edisi 4th). New York: Aldine de Gruyter. ISBN 978-0-202-02042-6. LCCN 98008760. OCLC 39323020.
- Dawkins, Richard (2004). The Ancestor's Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Life (dalam bahasa Inggris). Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-82503-6.
- Martin, Robert D. (2001). "Primates, Evolution of". Dalam Smelser, Neil J.; Baltes, Paul B. (ed.). International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Edisi 1st). Amsterdam; New York: Elsevier. hlm. 12032–12038. doi:10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/03083-7. ISBN 978-0-08-043076-8. LCCN 2001044791. OCLC 47869490.
- Maxwell, Mary (1984). Human Evolution: A Philosophical Anthropology. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-05946-6. LCCN 83024005. OCLC 10163036.
- Srivastava, R. P. (2009). Morphology Of The Primates And Human Evolution. New Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 978-81-203-3656-8. OCLC 423293609.
- Wallace, David Rains (2004). Beasts of Eden: Walking Whales, Dawn Horses, and Other Enigmas of Mammal Evolution. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. hlm. 240. ISBN 978-0-520-23731-5. LCCN 2003022857. OCLC 56733801.
Bacaan tambahan
- Buettner-Janusch, John, ed. (1964). Evolutionary and Genetic Biology of Primates. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-395562-3.X5001-2. ISBN 978-0-12-395562-3.
- Fleagle, John G. (2013). Primate Adaptation and Evolution. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-01979-5. ISBN 978-0-12-378632-6.
- Schaik, Carel P. Van; Kappeler, Peter M. (2003). "The evolution of social monogamy in primates". Monogamy. hlm. 59–80. doi:10.1017/cbo9781139087247.004. ISBN 978-0-521-81973-2.
Pranala luar
- The First Primates at anthro.palomar.edu
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