Formasi testudo
Dalam peperangan Romawi Kuno, testudo atau formasi kura-kura adalah sebuah sebuah formasi yang umum digunakan oleh para Legiun Romawi pada saat pertempuran, terutama pengepungan. Testudo adalah kata Latin untuk "kura-kura". Istilah Yunani untuk formasi tersebut adalah "chelone" dan pada era Bizantium, formasi tersebut tampak dilibatkan pada panduan militer era tersebut dan disebut "foulkon".
Referensi
- Dio Cassius, Roman History Book 49, 30, ed. Loeb Classical Library ISBN 0-674-99091-9
Daftar pustaka
- Cowan, Ross, Roman Battle Tactics 109BC - AD313 (Osprey 2007)
- Rance, Philip, "The Fulcum, the Late Roman and Byzantine Testudo: the Germanization of Roman Infantry Tactics?" in Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 44 (2004) pp. 265–326: http://www.duke.edu/web/classics/grbs/FTexts/44/Rance2.pdf Diarsipkan 2012-10-13 di Wayback Machine..
- Plutarch, Roman Lives, ed. Robin Waterfield ISBN 978-0-19-282502-5 [1] Diarsipkan 2023-07-23 di Wayback Machine.
- Dio Cassius, Roman History Book 49, 30 ed. Loeb Classical Library ISBN 0-674-99091-9
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