George Holyoake
| George Holyoake | |
|---|---|
| Lahir | 13 April 1817 Birmingham, Inggris |
| Meninggal | 27 Januari 1906 (umur 88) Brighton, Inggris |
| Pekerjaan | Sekularis |
George Jacob Holyoake (13 April 1817 – 22 Januari 1906), adalah seorang sekularis Britania Raya. Ia mencetuskan istilah "sekularisme" pada tahun 1851[1] dan istilah "jingoisme" pada tahun 1878.[2]
Holyoake tidak percaya akan Tuhan, namun pada akhirnya menganggap "ateisme" sebagai kata yang negatif, sehingga lebih menyukai istilah "sekularisme". Ia kemudian menggunakan kata "agnostik" ketika kata tersebut muncul.[3]
Catatan kaki
- ^ Holyoake, G.J. (1896). Origin and Nature of Secularism, London: Watts & Co., hal.50.
- ^ Feldman, Noah (2005). Divided by God. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, hal. 113
- ^ "Holyoake eventually came to adopt Huxley's label "agnostic"" (Berman 1990, hal.213); "The later Holyoake felt that the new label "agnosticism" more exactly suited his atheological position." (Berman 1990, hal.222)
Pranala luar
Wikisumber memiliki karya asli dari atau mengenai:
- Secularism 101: Defining Secularism: Origins with George Jacob Holyoake Diarsipkan 2006-09-22 di Wayback Machine.
- Arsip-arsip yang berhubungan dengan George Holyoake terdaftar di The National Archives (Britania Raya)
- Oxford Reference Online Premium Diarsipkan 2023-07-31 di Wayback Machine. – Edward Royle "Holyoake, George Jacob" The Oxford Companion to British History. Ed. John Cannon. Oxford University Press, 1997.
- George Jacob Holyoake Diarsipkan 2008-09-20 di Wayback Machine. biography & selected writings at gerald-massey.org.uk
- Scanned copies of The Reasoner on Internet Archive
- (Inggris) Karya atau profil mengenai George Holyoake di perpustakaan (katalog WorldCat)
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