Gunung Berlin

Gunung Berlin
Gunung Berlin
	View of Mount Berlin from the surrounding ice sheet
Titik tertinggi
Koordinat	76°03′18″S 135°49′30″W / 76.055°S 135.825°W
Geografi
	Gunung Berlin Daratan Marie Byrd, Antarktika
Geologi
Letusan terakhir	8,350±5,300 BCE

Gunung Berlin adalah sebuah gunung berapi yang tertutup gletser di Marie Byrd Land, Antartika, 100 kilometer (62 mi) dari Laut Amundsen. Gunung ini adalah gunung selebar sekitar 20-kilometer-wide (12 mi) dengan ventilasi parasit yang terdiri dari dua gunung berapi yang menyatu: Berlin dengan Kawah Berlin selebar 2-kilometer-wide (1,2 mi) dan Puncak Merrem dengan kawah selebar 25-x-1-kilometer-wide (15,53 mi × 0,62 mi), 35 kilometer (22 mi) jauhnya dari Berlin. Puncak gunung berapi ini berada pada ketinggian 3.478 meter (11.411 ft) diatas permukaan laut. Gunung ini memiliki volume 200 kilometer kubik (48 cu mi) dan menjulang tinggi dari Lapisan Es Antarktika Barat. Ini adalah bagian dari Provinsi Vulkanik Darat Marie Byrd. Trasit adalah batuan vulkanik yang dominan dan muncul dalam bentuk aliran lava dan batuan piroklastik.

Gunung berapi ini mulai meletus pada masa Pliosen dan aktif hingga akhir Pleistosen dan Holosen. Beberapa lapisan tephra^[a] yang ditemukan di inti es di seluruh Antarktika - terutama di Gunung Moulton - telah dikaitkan dengan Gunung Berlin, yang merupakan sumber tephra terpenting di wilayah tersebut. Lapisan tephra dibentuk oleh letusan eksplosif yang menghasilkan kolom letusan yang tinggi. Saat ini, aktivitas fumarol terjadi di Gunung Berlin dan membentuk menara es dari uap yang membeku.

Catatan

^ Tephra are volcanic rocks formed from fragments generated during explosive eruptions.^[2]

Referensi

^ LeMasurier et al. 1990, hlm. 151.
^ Hargitai & Kereszturi 2015, Tephra.

Sumber

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[3] Tephra are volcanic rocks formed from fragments generated during explosive eruptions.^[2]

[FOOTNOTELeMasurierThomsonBakerKyle1990151-1] LeMasurier et al. 1990, hlm. 151.

[FOOTNOTEHargitaiKereszturi2015Tephra-2] Hargitai & Kereszturi 2015, Tephra.

[1]

[a]

[2]

Gunung Berlin

Catatan

Referensi

Sumber

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