Kekhanan Kalmyk
Kekhanan Kalmyk | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1630–1771 | |||||||||||
Kekhanan Kalmyk pada abad ke-17 | |||||||||||
| Status | Kekhanan | ||||||||||
| Bahasa yang umum digunakan | Bahasa Kalmyk | ||||||||||
| Agama | Buddhisme Tibet | ||||||||||
| Pemerintahan | Monarki | ||||||||||
• Meninggal 1644 | Kho Orluk | ||||||||||
• 1669–1724 | Ayuka Khan | ||||||||||
| Sejarah | |||||||||||
• Didirikan | 1630 | ||||||||||
• Dianeksasi Rusia | 1771 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Sekarang bagian dari | Kalmykia, Rusia | ||||||||||
Kekhanan Kalmyk adalah sebuah kekhanan Oirat yang terletak di stepa Eurasia. Kekhanan ini meliputi wilayah yang dijuluki Kalmykia dan wilayah-wilayah sekitarnya yang terbentang dari Stavropol hingga Astrakhan. Selama lebih dari ratusan tahun orang-orang Kalmyk berkali-kali menjarah wilayah perbatasan selatan Rusia,[1] tetapi juga melindungi perbatasan selatan Rusia dan melancarkan ekspedisi militer melawan suku-suku Muslim di Asia Tengah, Kaukasus Utara dan Krimea.[2] Orang Kalmyk melancarkan serangan ke wilayah Tatar Krimea, Kesultanan Utsmaniyah dan Tatar Kuba, serta terlibat dalam perang melawan Kazakh, menundukkan Turkmen Mangyshlak, dan juga melancarkan ekspedisi militer melawan suku-suku di dataran tinggi Kaukasus Utara. Wilayah kekhanan ini pada akhirnya dicaplok oleh Kekaisaran Rusia pada tahun 1771.
Catatan kaki
- ^ Forsyth, James. A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony 1581-1990.
- ^ "Republic of Kalmykia". Kommersant. 2004-03-10. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2016-05-08. Diakses tanggal 2007-04-06. "The Kalmyk Khanate reached its peak of power in the period of Ayuka Khan (1669 -1724). Protected the southern borders of Russia and conducted many military expeditions against the Crimean Tatars, Ottoman Empire and Kuban Tatars. He also waged wars against the Kazakhs, subjugated the Mangyshlak Turkmens, and made multiple expeditions against the highlanders of the North Caucasus."
Lihat pula
Daftar pustaka
- Dunnell, Ruth W.; Elliott, Mark C.; Foret, Philippe; Millward, James A (2004). New Qing Imperial History: The Making of Inner Asian Empire at Qing Chengde. Routledge. ISBN 1134362226. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
- Millward, James A. (1998). Beyond the Pass: Economy, Ethnicity, and Empire in Qing Central Asia, 1759-1864 (Edisi illustrated). Stanford University Press. ISBN 0804729336. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
- Perdue, Peter C (2009). China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia (Edisi reprint). Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674042026. Diakses tanggal 22 April 2014.
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