Korelasi ilusi
Dalam psikologi, korelasi ilusi adalah fenomena mempersepsikan adanya hubungan antarvariabel (biasanya orang, peristiwa, atau perilaku) meskipun hubungan tersebut sebenarnya tidak ada. Asosiasi yang keliru dapat terbentuk karena peristiwa yang jarang terjadi atau baru bersifat lebih menonjol sehingga cenderung menarik perhatian seseorang.[1] Fenomena ini merupakan salah satu cara stereotipe terbentuk dan bertahan.[2][3] (Hamilton & Rose 1980) menemukan bahwa stereotipe dapat menyebabkan orang mengharapkan kelompok dan sifat tertentu saling berkaitan, lalu melebih-lebihkan frekuensi kemunculan bersama tersebut.[4] Stereotipe ini dapat dipelajari dan dilanggengkan tanpa adanya kontak nyata antara pemilik stereotipe dan kelompok yang menjadi objek stereotipe tersebut.
Lihat pula
Referensi
Catatan
- ^ Pelham, Brett; Blanton, Hart (2013) [2007]. Conducting Research in Psychology: measuring the weight of smoke (Edisi 4th). Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. hlm. 11–12. ISBN 978-0-495-59819-0.
- ^ Mullen, Brian; Johnson, Craig (1990). "Distinctiveness-based illusory correlations and stereotyping: A meta-analytic integration". Jurnal Psikologi Sosial Britania. 29 (1): 11–28. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1990.tb00883.x.
- ^ Stroessner, Steven J.; Plaks, Jason E. (2001). "Illusory Correlation and Stereotype Formation: Tracing the Arc of Research Over a Quarter Century". Dalam Moskowitz, Gordon B. (ed.). Cognitive Social Psychology: The Princeton Symposium on the Legacy and Future of Social Cognition. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. hlm. 247–259. ISBN 978-0-8058-3414-7.
- ^ Peeters, Vivian E. (1983). "The Persistence of Stereotypic Beliefs: a Cognitive View". Dalam Richard P. Bagozzi; Alice M. Tybout (ed.). Advances in Consumer Research. Vol. 10. Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research. hlm. 454–458.
Sumber
- Hamilton, David L.; Rose, Terrence L. (1980). "Illusory correlation and the maintenance of stereotypic beliefs". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 39 (5): 832–845. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.39.5.832.
- Kunda, Ziva (1999). Social Cognition: Making Sense of People. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-61143-5. OCLC 40618974.
- Plous, Scott (1993). The Psychology of Judgment and Decision Making. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-050477-6. OCLC 26931106.
- Whitley, Bernard E.; Kite, Mary E. (2010). The Psychology of Prejudice and Discrimination. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. ISBN 978-0-495-59964-7. OCLC 695689517.
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