Lend-Lease

Undang-Undang Lend-Lease
Great Seal of the United States
Judul pendek lainUndang-Undang untuk Meningkatkan Pertahanan Amerika Serikat
Judul lengkapUndang-Undang untuk lebih meningkatkan pertahanan Amerika Serikat, dan untuk tujuan lainnya.
JulukanLend-Lease
Disahkan olehKongres Amerika Serikat ke-77
Berlaku11 Maret 1941
Kutipan
Hukum publikPub.L. 77-11
Undang-Undang Umum55 Stat. 31
Riwayat legislatif
Presiden Roosevelt menandatangani RUU Lend-Lease untuk memberikan bantuan kepada Inggris dan Tiongkok (Maret 1941).
RUU Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat No. 1776, hal. 1

Lend-Lease, yang secara resmi dikenal sebagai Undang-Undang Lend-Lease dan diperkenalkan sebagai Undang-Undang untuk Meningkatkan Pertahanan Amerika Serikat, (Pub.L. 77-11, H.R. 1776, 55 Stat. 31, diberlakukan 01941-03-1111 Maret 1941),[1][2] adalah kebijakan di mana Amerika Serikat memasok Britania Raya, Uni Soviet, Prancis, Republik Tiongkok, dan negara-negara Sekutu lainnya dalam Perang Dunia II dengan makanan, minyak, dan material antara tahun 1941 dan 1945. Bantuan tersebut diberikan secara cuma-cuma dengan alasan bahwa bantuan tersebut sangat penting untuk pertahanan Amerika Serikat.[2]

Referensi

Kutipan

  1. ^ Ebbert, Jean; Hall, Marie-Beth; Beach, Edward Latimer (1999). Crossed Currents. Brassey's. hlm. 28. ISBN 9781574881936.
  2. ^ a b "Lend-Lease Act (1941)," in Milestone Documents, National Archives of the United States, Washington, D.C., retrieved February 8, 2024; (notes: "Passed on March 11, 1941, this act set up a system that would allow the United States to lend or lease war supplies to any nation deemed 'vital to the defense of the United States.'"; contains photo of the original bill, H.R. 1776, January 10, 1941, which referred to itself as "An Act to Promote the Defense of the United States." )

Daftar pustaka

  • Allen, H.C. Britain and the United States. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1955.
  • Allen, R.G.D. "Mutual Aid between the US and the British Empire, 1941—5". Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Volume 109, No. 3, 1946, pp. 243–277, online in JSTOR
  • Black, Conrad. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Champion of Freedom. New York: Public Affairs, 2003. ISBN 1-58648-184-3.
  • Bryce, Robert B. Canada and the Cost of World War II: The International Operations of Canada's Department of Finance, 1939-1947 (2005) ch 7 on Mutual Aid
  • Buchanan, Patrick. Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War. New York: Crown, 2008. ISBN 978-0-307-40515-9.
  • Campbell, Thomas M. and George C. Herring, eds. The Diaries of Edward R. Stettinius, Jr., 1943–1946. New York: Franklin Watts, Inc., 1975. ISBN 0-531-05570-1.
  • Clarke, Sir Richard. Anglo-American Economic Collaboration in War and Peace, 1942–1949. Oxford University Press, 1982. ISBN 0-19-828439-X.
  • Crowley, Leo T. "Lend Lease" in Walter Yust, ed. 10 Eventful Years, 1937 – 1946 Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 1947, pp. 858–860.
  • Dawson, Raymond H. The Decision to Aid Russia, 1941: Foreign Policy and Domestic Politics. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 1959.
  • Dobson, Alan P. U.S. Wartime Aid to Britain, 1940–1946. London: Croom Helm, 1986. ISBN 0-7099-0893-8.
  • Gardner, Richard N. Sterling-Dollar Diplomacy. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1956.
  • Granatstein, J. L. Canada's War: The Politics of the McKenzie King Government, 1939–1945. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Firefly Books, 1990. ISBN 0-88619-356-7.
  • Hancock, G.W. and M.M. Gowing. British War Economy (1949) pp 224–48 Official British history
  • Herring Jr. George C. Aid to Russia, 1941–1946: Strategy, Diplomacy, the Origins of the Cold War. New York: Columbia University Press, 1973. ISBN 0-231-03336-2.
  • Kemp, P. Convoy: Drama in Arctic Waters. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Book Sales Inc., 2004, First edition 1993. ISBN 978-0-7858-1603-4.
  • Kimball, Warren F. The Most Unsordid Act: Lend-Lease, 1939–1941. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University, 1969. ISBN 0-8018-1017-5.
  • Kindleberger, Charles P. A Financial History of Western Europe. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1984. ISBN 0-19-507738-5.
  • Langer, William L. and S. Everett Gleason. "Chapters: 8–9." The Undeclared War, 1940–1941. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1953.
  • Louis, William Roger. Imperialism at Bay: The United States and the Decolonization of the British Empire, 1941–1945. Oxford University Press, 1977. ISBN 0-19-821125-2.
  • Mackenzie, Hector. "Transatlantic Generosity: Canada's ‘Billion Dollar Gift’ to the United Kingdom in the Second World War." International History Review, Volume 24, Issue 2, 2012, pp. 293–314.
  • McNeill, William Hardy. America, Britain, and Russia: their co-operation and conflict, 1941-1946 (1953), pp 772–90
  • Milward, Alan S. War, Economy and Society. Harmondsworth: Pelican, 1977. ISBN 0-14-022682-6.
  • Neiberg, Michael S. Warfare and Society in Europe: 1898 to the Present. London: Psychology Press, 2004. pp. 118–119. ISBN 978-0-415-32719-0.
  • Reynolds, David. The Creation of the Anglo-American Alliance 1937–1941: A Study on Competitive Cooperation. London: Europa, 1981. ISBN 0-905118-68-5.
  • Romanus, Charles F. and Riley Sunderland. Stilwell's Mission to China. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History, Dept. of the Army, 1953.
  • Sayers, R.S. Financial Policy, 1939–45. London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1956.
  • Schama, Simon. A History of Britain, Vol. III. New York: Hyperion, 2002. ISBN 978-0-7868-6899-5.
  • Sherwood, Robert E. Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate History. New York: Enigma Books, 2008, First edition 1948 (1949 Pulitzer Prize winner). ISBN 978-1-929631-49-0.
  • Stacey, C.P. Arms, Men and Governments: The War Policies of Canada 1939–1945. Ottawa, Canada: The Queen's Printer for Canada, 1970. ISBN ISBN 0-8020-6560-0.
  • Stettinius, Edward R. Lend-Lease, Weapon for Victory. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1944. OCLC 394271
  • Taylor, A. J. P. Beaverbrook. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1972. ISBN 0-671-21376-8.
  • Thorne, Christopher. Allies of a Kind: The United States, Britain and the War Against Japan, 1941–1945. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1978. ISBN 0-19-520173-6.
  • Twenty-first Report to Congress on Lend-Lease Operations, p. 25.
  • Weeks, Albert L. Russia's Life-Saver: Lend-Lease Aid to the U.S.S.R. in World War II. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books, 2004. ISBN 978-0-7391-0736-2.
  • Weiss, Stuart L. The President's Man: Leo Crowley and Franklin Roosevelt in Peace and War. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 1996. ISBN 0-8093-1996-9.
  • Woods, Randall Bennett. A Changing of the Guard: Anglo-American Relations, 1941–1946. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 1990. ISBN 0-8078-1877-1.

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