Niall Noígíallach

Niall Noígíallach (pelafalan dalam bahasa Irlandia: [ˈniːəl noɪˈɣiːələx], Bahasa Irlandia Lama yang berarti "memiliki enam sanderas"),^[1] atau dalam bahasa Indonesia, Niall dari Sembilan Sandera, putra dari Eochaid Mugmedón, adalah seorang raja Irlandia, kakek moyang eponim dari keluarga Uí Néill yang mendominasi Irlandia sejak abad ke-6 hingga abad ke-10. Kebangkitan dinasti Uí Néill dan penaklukan mereka di Ulster dan Leinster tidak tercatat dengan lengkap, tetapi masih menjadi subjek studi dan upaya rekonstruksi masa kini.

Meski secara umum dianggap sebagai tokoh sejarah, sedikit yang bisa dikatakan tentang kehidupan Niall. Sumber-sumber rincian kehidupan Niall adalah genealogi raja-raja bersejarah, yaitu bagian "Roll of Kings" dari Lebor Gabála Érenn, annal Irlandia seperti Annals of the Four Masters, kronik seperti Foras Feasa ar Éirinn karya Geoffrey Keating, dan kisah legendaris seperti "The Adventure of the Sons of Eochaid Mugmedon" dan "The Death of Niall of the Nine Hostages". Sumber-sumber ini muncul jauh setelah masa Niall dan nilai sejarahnya terbatas.

Niall masuk dalam daftar Raja Tinggi Irlandia tradisional. Masa kekuasaannya diperkirakan sejak akhir abad ke-4 sampai awal abad ke-5. Annals of the Four Masters mencatat ia naik tahta tahun 378 dan wafat tahun 405.^[2] Kronologi Foras Feasa ar Éirinn Keating juga menyetujui hal ini dan menyebut masa kekuasaannya pada 368-395, serta mengaitkan aktivitas penyerangannya di Britania dengan penculikan Saint Patrick (ca. 390-461).^[3] Akan tetapi, Roll of Kings dan kronologinya sekarang dianggap buatan saja. Kerajaan Tinggi belum terwujud sampai abad ke-9, dan status legendaris Niall dikembangkan sesuai kepentingan politik dinasti yang ia dirikan. Berdasarkan genealogi Uí Néill dan tanggal yang dicantumkan untuk kemungkinan putra dan cucunya, para sejarawan modern percaya ia hidup 50 tahun lebih lama daripada tanggal tradisional dan wafat sekitar tahun 450.^[4]

Silsilah keluarga

Tebal menandakan Raja Tinggi Irlandia.

Tuathal Teachtmhar

Fedlimid Rechtmar

Conn Cétchathach

Art mac Cuinn

Son

Cormac mac Airt

Cairbre Lifechair

Fíacha Sroiptine

Muiredach Tirech

Mongfind

Eochaid Mugmedon

Cairenn

Brion

Fiachrae

Ailill

Niall Noígíallach

Fergus

Endae

Lóegaire

Cormac Caech

Lughaid mac Loeguire

Fergus Cerrbel

Ardgal

Muirchertach mac Ercae

Tuathal Máelgarb

Diarmait mac Cerbaill

Didahului oleh: Eochaid Mugmedon	Raja Connachta ?–c.450	Diteruskan oleh: Amalgaid mac Fiachrae

Didahului oleh: Crimthann mac Fidaig	Raja Tinggi Irlandia Legendaris FFE 368-395 AFM 378-405	Diteruskan oleh: Nath Í

Referensi

^ noí, nine; gíall, a human pledge or hostage; the possessive suffix -ach (Dictionary of the Irish Language, Compact Edition, 1990, pp. 360, 479-480; Rudolf Thurneysen, A Grammar of Old Irish, 1946, p. 220). Also spelled Noí nGiallach, Naígiallach, Naoighiallach etc
^ Annals of the Four Masters M378-405
^ Geoffrey Keating, Foras Feasa ar Éirinn 1.48, 1.49, 1.50, 51, 52
^ Francis J. Byrne, Irish Kings and High-Kings, Second Edition, Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2001, Chapter 5, ISBN 978-1-85182-196-9

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