Niniwe
Niniwe (Akkadia: Ninua; Aramaik: ܢܸܢܘܵܐ; bahasa Ibrani: נינוה, Nīnewē; bahasa Yunani: Νινευη; bahasa Latin: Nineve; Arab: نينوى, Naīnuwa), adalah kota kuno yang disebut "kota yang luar biasa agung" dalam Kitab Yunus. Kota ini terletak di tepian tenggara sungai Tigris dan merupakan ibu kota kerajaan Asiria purba.[1] Situs kota purbakala ini terletak tepat di seberang kota Mosul, di Provinsi Ninawa, Irak.
36°21′34″N 43°09′10″E / 36.35944°N 43.15278°E
Geografi
Reruntuhan utama di Niniwe adalah timbunan gundukan Kouyunjik dan Nabī Yūnus yang terletak pada kawasan dataran rata tempat bertemunya sungai Tigris dengan sungai Khosr dalam kawasan seluas 1.800-ekar (7 km2) yang dikelilingi tembok bata berukuran 12-kilometer (7,5 mi). Kawasan seluas ini kini merupakan kawasan reruntuhan yang sebagian wilayahnya kini menjadi kawasan pinggiran permukiman kota Mosul.
Niniwe adalah tempat persimpangan jalur perniagaan yang melalui sungai Tigris. Kota purba ini menempati posisi tengah antara Laut Tengah dengan Samudra Hindia, maka kota ini menghubungkan timur dan barat. Berkat posisi pentingnya bagi perdagangan; berbagai komoditas perdagangan, uang, dan kekayaan mengalir dari berbagai tempat ke Niniwe. Akibatnya kota ini menjadi salah satu kota terbesar dan terkaya pada zaman purba di Mesopotamia.[2]
Referensi
- ^ Browning, W (2015). Kamus Alkitab. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. hlm. 291.
- ^ "Proud Nineveh" is a constant emblem of earthly pride in the Old Testament prophecies: "And He will stretch out His hand against the north And destroy Assyria, And He will make Nineveh a desolation, Parched like the wilderness." (Zephaniah 2:13).
Pranala luar
- Joanne Farchakh-Bajjaly photos Diarsipkan 2012-10-09 di Wayback Machine. of Nineveh taken in May 2003 showing damage from looters.
- John Malcolm Russell, "Stolen stones: the modern sack of Nineveh" in Archaeology; looting of sculptures in the 1990s.
- Nineveh page at the British Museum's website. Includes photographs of items from their collection.
- University of California Digital Nineveh Archives Diarsipkan 2020-11-27 di Wayback Machine. A teaching and research tool presenting a comprehensive picture of Nineveh within the history of archaeology in the Near East, including a searchable data repository for meaningful analysis of currently unlinked sets of data from different areas of the site and different episodes in the 160-year history of excavations.
- CyArk Digital Nineveh Archives Diarsipkan 2011-06-13 di Wayback Machine., publicly accessible, free depository of the data from the previously-linked UC Berkeley Nineveh Archives project, fully linked and georeferenced in a UC Berkeley/CyArk research partnership to develop the archive for open web use. Includes creative commons-licensed media items.
- ABC 3 Diarsipkan 2011-05-14 di Wayback Machine.: Babylonian Chronicle Concerning the Fall of Nineveh
- Layard's Nineveh and its Remains- full text
- A history Diarsipkan 2017-07-11 di Wayback Machine.
- Austen Henry Layard - Nineveh and Its Remains full book readable
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