Partai Swatantra
Partai Swatantra | |
|---|---|
| Pendiri | C. Rajagopalachari |
| Dibentuk | 4 Juni 1959 |
| Dibubarkan | 1974 |
| Dipisah dari | Kongres Nasional India |
| Bendera | |
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Partai Swatantra adalah sebuah partai politik konservatif India yang ada dari 1959 sampai 1974. Partai tersebut didirikan oleh C. Rajagopalachari karena merasa jumlah sosialis pada Kongres Nasional India yang dipimpin Jawaharlal Nehru meningkat. Swatantra (Kebebasan) memegang prinsip ekonomi berbasis pasar dengan meniadakan "Lisensi Kemaharajaan", meskipun bertentangan dengan kebijakan laissez faire. Partai tersebut didukung oleh beberapa pedagang dan industrialis, tetapi kepemimpinannya tingkat negara didominasi oleh kelas-kelas tradisional seperti para zamindar (tuan tanah feodal) dan pangeran-pangeran. Berada di sayap kanan pada spektrum politik India, Swatantra bukanlah sebuah partai komunal; keanggotaanya tidak berbasis agama, tidak seperti Bharatiya Jana Sangh yang nasionalis Hindu. Pada 1960, Rajagopalachari dan para koleganya mengeluarkan manifesto 21 poin yang menjelaskan kenapa Swatantra dibentuk.[1] Perdana Menteri sangat mengkritik Swatantra, menjuluki partai tersebut dimasukki "tuan-tuan tanah, kastil dan zamindar berusia menengah".[2]
Lihat pula
- Gayatri Devi
- K. M. Munshi
- Mariadas Ruthnaswamy
- Minoo Masani
- N. G. Ranga
- Piloo Mody
- S. V. Raju
- V. P. Menon
- Partai-partai pecahan Kongres Nasional India
Catatan
- ^ The 21 Principles of the Swatantra Party. 1959.
- ^ Erdman, 1963–64
Referensi
- Bipan Chandra et al. India Since Independence. Penguin India. 2008 [2011 digital edition].
- Mariadas Ruthnaswamy. "Swatantra Party and its leaders". Swarajya. 30 July 1960.
- Mariadas Ruthnaswamy. "Is Swatantra inspiring enough?". Swarajya. 22 October 1960.
- H. R. Pasricha. The Swatantra Party—Victory in Defeat. Rajaji Foundation. 2002.
- Howard L. Erdman. "India's Swatantra Party". Public Affairs, vol. 36, iss. 4, pp. 394–410. Winter 1963–64.
- Howard L. Erdman. The Swatantra Party and Indian Conservatism. Cambridge University Press. 1967. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013.
- Madhavankutty Pillai. "Last Man Standing". Open. 5 April 2014.
- Rajmohan Gandhi. Rajaji: A Life. Penguin India. 1997.
- Ramachandra Guha. India After Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy. HarperCollins. 2008.
- Rasam Vasanti. Swatantra Party: a political biography. Dattson Publishers, Nagpur. 1997.
- Rasam Vasanti. "Role of Swantantra Party as an Opposition Party (National Level)". Readings on Parliamentary Opposition.
Pranala luar
- C. Rajagopalachari: Save freedom. Why Swatantra, 1960
- Minoo Masani: To provide A Democratic Alternative. Why Swatantra, 1960
- K. M. Munshi: To Restore Fundamental Rights. Why Swatantra, 1960
- N. G. Ranga: To Preserve Family Economy. Why Swatantra, 1960
- A number of links at sabhlokcity.com
- Rediff On The NeT: Rajmohan Gandhi on C Rajagopalachari and the birth of the Swatantra Party
- Revive the Swatantra Party
- Minoo Masani And The Swatantra Party Diarsipkan 2009-06-10 di Wayback Machine.
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