Sistem Takhtajan

Sistem Takhtajan adalah sistem taksonomi tumbuhan yang diterbitkan oleh Armen Takhtajan dalam beberapa versi sejak tahun 1950-an. Sistem ini biasanya dibandingkan dengan sistem Cronquist. Sistem ini menerima kelompok parafiletik.

Sistem

Klasifikasi pertama diterbitkan dalam bahasa Rusia pada tahun 1954, dan menarik perhatian dunia setelah terjemahan bahasa Inggrisnya diterbitkan pada tahun 1958 dengan judul Origin of Angiospermous Plants. Versi selanjutnya muncul pada tahun 1959 (Die Evolution der Angiosperma) dan 1966 (Sistema i filogeniia tsvetkovykh rastenii).^[1] Sistem Takhtajan dipopulerkan oleh yang terakhir ketika muncul dalam bahasa Inggris pada tahun 1969 (Flowering plants: Origin and dispersal). Revisi lebih lanjut muncul pada tahun 1980.^[2]^[3]

sistem tahun 1966

Magnoliophyta (Angiospermae) ^[4] p. 51
- Kelas: Magnoliatae (Dikotil) p. 51
- Kelas: Liliatae (Monokotil) p. 461
  - Subkelas A: Alismidae p. 461
  - Subkelas B: Liliidae p. 473 (adalah nom. nov.)
    - Superordo Lilianae p. 473 (adalah nom. nov.)
      - Ordo Liliales p. 473
        Famili Liliaceae p. 474
        
        Famili Xanthorrhoeaceae p. 476
        
        Famili Aphyllanthaceae p. 476
        
        Famili Alliaceae p. 477
        
        Famili Agavaceae p. 478
        
        Famili Amaryllidaceae p. 480
        
        Famili Alstroemeriaceae p. 481
        
        Famili Haemodoraceae p. 482
        
        Famili Hypoxidaceae p. 483
        
        Famili Velloziaceae p. 483
        
        Famili Philesiaceae p. 484
        
        Famili Tecophilaeaceae p. 484
        
        Famili Cyanastraceae p. 485
        
        Famili Asparagaceae p. 486
        
        Famili Smilacaceae p. 487
        
        Famili Stemonaceae p. 487
        
        Famili Dioscoreaceae p. 488
        
        Famili Taccaceae p. 489
        
        Famili Phylydraceae p. 491
        
        Famili Pontederiaceae p. 490
      - Ordo Bromeliales p. 492
      - Ordo Iridales p. 494
      - Ordo Zingiberales p. 498
      - Ordo Orchidales p. 505
    - Superordo Juncanae p. 510
  - Subkelas C: Commelinidae p. 461
  - Subkelas D: Arecidae p. 525

sistem tahun 1997

Dipublikasikan dalam Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants^[5]^[3]^[6]^[7]

Divisi Magnoliophyta (2 kelas, 17 subkelas, 71 superordo, 232 ordo, 589 famili
- Kelas Magnoliopsida Brongn. (1843) (Dikotil) 11 subkelas, 55 superordo, 175 ordo, 458 famili
  - Subkelas Magnoliidae Novak ex Takht. (1967)
  - Subkelas Nymphaeidae J.W. Walker ex Takht. (1997)
  - Subkelas Nelumbonidae Takht. (1997)
  - Subkelas Ranunculidae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
  - Subkelas Caryophyllidae Takht. (1967)
  - Subkelas Hamamelididae Takht. (1967)
  - Subkelas Dilleniidae Takht. ex Reveal & Tahkt. (1993)
  - Subkelas Rosidae Takht. (1967)
  - Subkelas Cornidae Frohne & U. Jensen ex Reveal (1994)
  - Subkelas Asteridae Takht. (1967)
  - Subkelas Lamiidae Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
- Kelas Liliopsida Batsch (1802) (Monokotil) 6 subkelas, 16 superordo, 57 ordo, 131 famili
  - Subkelas Liliidae Takht. (1967)
    - Superordo Lilianae Takht. (1967) 14 ordo
      - Ordo Melanthiales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
      - Ordo Colchicales Dumort. (1829)
      - Ordo Trilliales Takht. (1996)
      - Ordo Liliales Perleb (1826)
        Famili Liliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
        
        Famili Medeolaceae (S. Wats.) Takht. (1987)
      - Ordo Alstroemeriales Hutch. (1934)
      - Ordo Iridales Raf. (1815)
      - Ordo Tecophilaeales Traub ex Reveal (1993)
      - Ordo Burmanniales Heintze (1927)
      - Ordo Hypoxidales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
      - Ordo Orchidales Raf. (1815)
      - Ordo Amaryllidales Bromhead (1840)
      - Ordo Asparagales Bromhead (1838)
      - Ordo Xanthorrhoeales Takth., nom. inval. (1997)
      - Ordo Hanguanales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
    - Superordo Dioscoreanae Takht. ex Reveal & Doweld (1999)
  - Subkelas Commelinidae Takht. (1967)
  - Subkelas Arecidae Takht. (1967)
  - Subkelas Alismatidae Takht. (1967)
  - Subkelas Triurididae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
  - Subkelas Aridae Takht. (1997)

sistem tahun 2009

Dipublikasikan pada Flowering Plants^[8]

Filum Magnoliophyta (tumbuhan berbunga) Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. ex Reveal (1996)^[9]
- Kelas Magnoliopsida Brongn. (1843) (Dikotil) p. 7
  - Subkelas I. Magnoliidae p. 11
    - Superordo Nymphaeanae
    - Superordo Magnolianae
    - Superordo Lauranae
    - Superordo Piperanae
    - Superordo Rafflesianae
  - Subkelas II. Ranunculidae p. 69
    - Superordo Proteanae
    - Superordo Ranunculanae
  - Subkelas III. Hamamelididae p. 101
    - Superordo Hamamelidanae
    - Superordo Juglandanae
  - Subkelas IV. Caryophyllidae p. 129
    - Superordo Caryophyllanae
    - Superordo Polygonanae
    - Superordo Nepenthanae
  - Subkelas V. Dilleniidae p. 167
    - Superordo Dillenianae
    - Superordo Ericanae
    - Superordo Violanae
    - Superordo Capparanae
    - Superordo Malvanae
    - Superordo Euphorbianae
  - Subkelas VI. Rosidae p. 293
    - Superordo Rosanae
    - Superordo Myrtanae
    - Superordo Fabanae
    - Superordo Rutanae
    - Superordo Celastranae
    - Superordo Santalanae
    - Superordo Balanophoranae
    - Superordo Rhamnanae
  - Subkelas VII. Asteridae p. 435
    - Superordo Cornanae
    - Superordo Asperanae
  - Subkelas VIII. Lamiidae p. 511
    - Superordo Lamianae
- Kelas Liliopsida Scop. (1760) (Monokotil) p. 595
  - Subkelas I: Alismatidae p. 589
    - Superordo Petrosavianae
    - Superordo Alismatanae
    - Superordo Aranae
  - Subkelas II: Liliidae Takht. (1966) p. 625
    - Superordo Lilianae Takht. (1966)
      - Ordo Melanthiales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
      - Ordo Trilliales Takht. (1996)
      - Ordo Liliales Perleb (1826)
        1. Famili Campynemataceae
        
        2. Famili Colchicaceae
        
        3. Famili Tricyrtidaceae
        
        4. Famili Scoliopaceae p. 634
        
        5. Famili Calochortaceae p. 634
        
        6. Famili Liliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789) p. 634
        
        7. Famili Medeolaceae (S. Wats.) Takht. (1987) p. 634
      - Ordo Burmanniales
      - Ordo Alstroemeriales Hutch. (1934)
      - Ordo Smilacales
      - Ordo Orchidales
      - Ordo Iridales
      - Ordo Amaryllidales
      - Ordo Asparagales
    - Superordo Pandananae
    - Superordo Dioscoreanae Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
    - Superordo Arecanae
  - Subkelas III: Arecidae p. 693
    - Superordo Arecanae
  - Subkelas IV: Commelinidae p. 699
    - Superordo Bromelianae
    - Superordo Zingiberanae
    - Superordo Commelinanae
    - Superordo Juncanae
    - Superordo Poanae

Referensi

^ Takhtajan 1966.
^ Takhtajan 1980.
^ ^a ^b Singh 2004, pp. 269–277.
^ Takhtajan 1966, p. 51.
^ Takhtajan 2009.
^ Reveal 1998.
^ Reveal 1997.
^ Takhtajan 2009, Synopsis of families pp. xxxvii–xlv.
^ Takhtajan 2009, p. 1.

Bacaan lanjutan

Cronquist, Arthur; Takhtajan, Armen; Zimmermann, Walter (April 1966). "On the Higher Taxa of Embryobionta". Taxon. 15 (4): 129–134. doi:10.2307/1217531. JSTOR 1217531.
Singh, Gurcharan (2004). "Armen Takhtajan". Plant Systematics: An Integrated Approach. Science Publishers. hlm. 269–277. ISBN 1-57808-351-6. Diakses tanggal 23 January 2014.
Reveal, James (22 November 1998). "Lists of the Flowering Plant Taxa Accepted by Cronquist, Dahlgren, Reveal, Takhtajan & Thorne". Vascular Plant Family Nomenclature. University of Maryland: Norton-Brown Herbarium. Diakses tanggal 3 January 2016.
Reveal, James L (5 Nov 1997). "Takhtajan System of Classification" (pbio 250 Lecture Notes). Plant Systematics. University of Maryland: Norton-Brown Herbarium. Diakses tanggal 10 January 2016.
Brands, SJ. "A. Takhtajan, 1997". The Taxonomicon. Zwaag, The Netherlands: Universal Taxonomic Services. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2020.

Karya Takhtajan

Takhtajan, Armen Leonovich (1966). Система и филогения цветкорых растений (Sistema i filogeniia tsvetkovykh rastenii) [Systema et Phylogemia Magnoliophytorum] (dalam bahasa Rusia). trans. C Jeffrey, as Flowering plants: Origin and dispersal, Edinburgh : Oliver and Boyd, 1969. Moscow: Наука. ISBN 0-05-001715-2. Diakses tanggal 14 August 2015.
Takhtajan, A. (1980). "Outline of the classification of flowering plants (Magnoliophya)". Botanical Review. 46 (3): 225–359. Bibcode:1980BotRv..46..225T. doi:10.1007/BF02861558. S2CID 30764910.
Takhtajan, A. (1987). Sistema Magnoliofitov (Systema Magnoliophytorum) (dalam bahasa Rusia). Leningrad: Nauka.
- Schmid, Rudolf (May 1988). "Takhtajan's Latest System of Classification for the Angiosperms". Taxon (Review). 37 (2): 422–424. doi:10.2307/1222164. JSTOR 1222164.
Takhtajan, Armen (1991). Evolutionary trends in flowering plants. New York: Columbia Univ. Press. ISBN 9780231073288.
Takhtajan, Armen Leonovich (2009). Flowering Plants. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-9609-9. Diakses tanggal 7 January 2014.
Takhtajan, Armen Leonovich (1997). Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-10098-4.

Pranala luar

Takhtajan system at CSDL, Texas Diarsipkan 2008-11-02 di Wayback Machine.. Also, at the Norton Brown Herbarium, Maryland (with an extensive listing of synonyms, both nomenclatural and taxonomic, for each name in the system): 1, 2, 3
Angiosperm Classification according to Armen Takhtajan, 1966

Templat:List of systems of plant taxonomy

[FOOTNOTETakhtajan1966-1] Takhtajan 1966.

[FOOTNOTETakhtajan1980-2] Takhtajan 1980.

[FOOTNOTESingh2004pp.&nbsp;269–277-3] Singh 2004, pp. 269–277.

[FOOTNOTETakhtajan1966[https://books.google.com/books?id=xljPEon9Qy0C&pg=PA51_p.&nbsp;51]-4] Takhtajan 1966, p. 51.

[FOOTNOTETakhtajan2009-5] Takhtajan 2009.

[FOOTNOTEReveal1998-6] Reveal 1998.

[FOOTNOTEReveal1997-7] Reveal 1997.

[FOOTNOTETakhtajan2009[https://books.google.com/books?id=oumyfO-NHuUC&pg=PR37_Synopsis_of_families_pp.&nbsp;xxxvii–xlv]-8] Takhtajan 2009, Synopsis of families pp. xxxvii–xlv.

[FOOTNOTETakhtajan2009[https://books.google.com/books?id=oumyfO-NHuUC&pg=PA1_p.&nbsp;1]-9] Takhtajan 2009, p. 1.

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