هستون

Core histone H2A/H2B/H3/H4
بنك بيانات البروتينات rendering of Complex between nucleosome core particle (h3,h4,h2a,h2b) and 146 bp long DNA fragment based on 1aoi.
معرف
رمز Histone
قاعدة بيانات عوائل البروتينات PF00125
قاعدة بيانات عوائل البروتينات clan CL0012
إنتربرو IPR007125
قاعدة بيانات التصنيف الهيكلي للبروتينات 1hio
linker histone H1 and H5 family
بنك بيانات البروتينات rendering of HIST1H1B based on 1ghc.
معرف
رمز Linker_histone
قاعدة بيانات عوائل البروتينات PF00538
إنتربرو IPR005818
SMART SM00526
قاعدة بيانات التصنيف الهيكلي للبروتينات 1hst


الهِستونات، في علم الأحياء، هو بروتينات قلويه (قاعدية) تساعد في تنظيم تركيب ال DNA داخل انوية الخلايا حقيقية النواة.[1][2][3] تتواجد الهستونات ضمن صبغيات الخلايا حقيقية النوى، ولا تتواجد عند الجراثيم، لكنها مع ذلك تتواجد عند بعض الجراثيم القديمة (عتائق). تتميز كل الهيستونات بوجود سمة مشتركة بينها حيث تملك ثلاث لفات حلزونية عروتين " تدعى motif "

رسم توضيحي لتركيب نوكليوسوم من بروتين هيستومات.

أنواع الهيستونات

هناك خمس أنواع للهيستوانات وهي جميعها بروتينات صغيرة الحجم تتألف من 102 -132 حمض أميني ماعدا الهيستون H1 حيث يتألف من عدد أكبر من الحموض H2A، H2B، هيدروجين ثلاثي الذرة، H4، و H1.(أنظر الشكل أسفله)

مراجع

  1. ^ Lorch Y، LaPointe JW، Kornberg RD (أبريل 1987). "Nucleosomes inhibit the initiation of transcription but allow chain elongation with the displacement of histones". Cell. ج. 49 ع. 2: 203–10. DOI:10.1016/0092-8674(87)90561-7. PMID:3568125.
  2. ^ Wood A، Schneider J، Dover J، Johnston M، Shilatifard A (نوفمبر 2005). "The Bur1/Bur2 complex is required for histone H2B monoubiquitination by Rad6/Bre1 and histone methylation by COMPASS". Molecular Cell. ج. 20 ع. 4: 589–99. DOI:10.1016/j.molcel.2005.09.010. PMID:16307922.
  3. ^ Bernstein BE، Mikkelsen TS، Xie X، Kamal M، Huebert DJ، Cuff J، Fry B، Meissner A، Wernig M، Plath K، Jaenisch R، Wagschal A، Feil R، Schreiber SL، Lander ES (أبريل 2006). "A bivalent chromatin structure marks key developmental genes in embryonic stem cells". Cell. ج. 125 ع. 2: 315–26. DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.041. PMID:16630819.

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