1984 United States Senate election in Texas

1984 United States Senate election in Texas
	County results ; Gramm: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% Doggett: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90%
U.S. senator before election; John Tower; Republican	Elected U.S. Senator ; Phil Gramm; Republican

The 1984 United States Senate election in Texas was held on November 6, 1984. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator John Tower decided to retire, instead of seeking a fifth term. Republican Phil Gramm won the open seat.

Democratic primary

Candidates

Lloyd Doggett, State Senator from Austin since 1975
Kent Hance, U.S. Representative from Lubbock since 1979
Bob Krueger, former U.S. Representative from New Braunfels (1975–1979) and nominee for Senate in 1978
Harley Schlanger
Robert Sullivan
David Young

Campaign

The primary was 45% Hispanic, but included many moderate to conservative voters. Hance positioned himself as the most moderate to conservative candidate, who co-sponsored President Ronald Reagan's tax package.^[1] Doggett was the more liberal candidate, attacking Reaganomics and getting endorsements from the Texas teachers' union and Agriculture Commissioner Jim Hightower.^[2] Doggett's campaign manager was James Carville.^[3] Krueger was seen as the front runner and was a moderate who supported the state's oil and gas industry, but had close ties with the Hispanic community because he was Spanish-speaking.^[4] Hance attacked both Krueger and Doggett for supporting amnesty for illegal aliens and supporting gay rights.^[5] The initial primary was extremely close between the top three candidates. Each candidate got 31% of the electorate. Hance ranked first, only 273 votes ahead of Doggett and 1,560 votes ahead of Krueger.

Since no candidate passed the 50% threshold, Hance and Doggett qualified for the run-off election. Hance fired his pollster despite ranking first.^[6] Krueger endorsed fellow U.S. Congressman Hance, saying "Ultimately, the quality of one's public service depends upon the character that one displays in filling an office."^[7]^[8] In the June election, Doggett very narrowly defeated Hance by just 1,345 votes.

Results

Initial election on May 5, 1984

May Democratic primary^[9]
	Candidate	Votes	%
Democratic	Kent Hance	456,446	31.2%
Democratic	Lloyd Doggett	456,173	31.2%
Democratic	Robert Charles Krueger	454,886	31.1%
Democratic	David Young	47,062	3.2%
Democratic	Robert S. Sullivan	34,733	2.4%
Democratic	Harley Schlanger	14,149	1.0%

Run-off election on June 2, 1984

June Democratic primary^[10]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Lloyd Doggett	491,251	50.1%
	Democratic	Kent Hance	489,906	49.9%

Republican primary

Candidates

Phil Gramm, U.S. Representative from College Station since 1979
Hank Grover, State Senator and former State Representative from Houston
Ron Paul, U.S. Representative from Lake Jackson (1976–1977, 1979–1985)
Robert Mosbacher Jr., Houston oil businessman

Campaign

The primary was a multimillion-dollar contest.^[11] Gramm recently switched parties in 1983, but he was a conservative who supported Reaganomics. Gramm spent $4 million.^[12]

Results

May Republican primary^[13]
	Candidate	Votes	%
Republican	Phil Gramm	247,280	73.3%
Republican	Ron Paul	55,771	16.5%
Republican	Robert A. Mosbacher Jr.	26,250	7.8%
Republican	Hank Grover	8,055	2.5%