1987 Irish general election

1987 Irish general election
← outgoing members elected members →
166 seats in Dáil Éireann; 84 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	73.3% 0.4pp
Taoiseach before election; Garret FitzGerald; Fine Gael	Taoiseach after election ; Charles Haughey; Fianna Fáil

The 1987 Irish general election to the 25th Dáil was held on Tuesday, 17 February, four weeks after the dissolution of the 24th Dáil on 20 January by President Patrick Hillery, on the request of Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald. A continuing crisis over public finance and a rejection of the budget had led to the Labour Party withdrawing from the Fine Gael–led coalition government. The general election took place in 41 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 166 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas. There were minor amendments to constituency boundaries under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1983.

The 25th Dáil met at Leinster House on 10 March to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. Charles Haughey was appointed Taoiseach, forming the 20th government of Ireland, a minority single-party Fianna Fáil government.

Campaign

The 1987 general election was precipitated by the withdrawal of the Labour Party from the Fine Gael–led government on 20 January 1987. The reason was a disagreement over budget proposals. Rather than attempt to press on with the government's agenda, the Taoiseach and leader of Fine Gael, Garret FitzGerald, sought a dissolution of the Dáil. An unusually long period of four weeks was set for the campaign.

Fianna Fáil's campaign involved a refusal to make any definite commitments; however, it attempted to convince the electorate that the country would be better under Fianna Fáil. Charles Haughey's attitudes toward Northern Ireland and the Anglo-Irish Agreement were both attacked.^[3] However, the campaign was mostly fought on economic issues.

The Labour Party decided against any pre-election pact, particularly with Fine Gael. The Progressive Democrats (PD), founded only two years earlier, surpassed Labour as the third-biggest political party in the Dáil. Although the majority of the PD party consisted of Fianna Fáil defectors, it mainly took seats from Fine Gael.

Results


Election to the 25th Dáil – 17 February 1987^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

Party		Leader	Seats	±	% of seats	First pref. votes	% FPv	±%
	Fianna Fáil	Charles Haughey	81	6	48.8	784,547	44.1	1.1
	Fine Gael	Garret FitzGerald	51^[a]	19	30.1	481,127	27.1	12.1
	Progressive Democrats	Desmond O'Malley	14	14^[b]	8.4	210,583	11.8	–
	Labour	Dick Spring	12	4	7.2	114,551	6.4	3.0
	Workers' Party	Tomás Mac Giolla	4	2	2.4	67,273	3.8	0.5
	Sinn Féin	Gerry Adams	0	New	0	32,933	1.9	–
	Democratic Socialist	Jim Kemmy	1	1	0.6	7,424	0.4	0
	Green	None	0	0	0	7,159	0.4	0.2
	Communist	Eugene McCartan	0	0	0	725	0.0	0
	Independent	N/A	3	1	1.8	70,843	4.0	1.7
Spoilt votes						16,241	—	—
Total			166	0	100	1,793,406	100	—
Electorate/Turnout						2,445,515	73.3%	—

Notes

Independents include Independent Fianna Fáil (7,720 votes, 1 seat) and the Tax Reform League (3,832 votes).
Changes in numbers of seats for each party are shown relative to the previous election in November 1982.

Although opinion polls had suggested otherwise, Fianna Fáil once again failed to win an overall majority. The Progressive Democrats did exceptionally well in their first general election, becoming the third-biggest party in the Dáil. Fine Gael lost many seats, mostly to the PDs. The Labour Party fell to its lowest share of the vote since 1933, but managed to salvage 12 seats, more than expected, including that of its leader Dick Spring, who saved his seat by just four votes.

Voting summary

First preference vote

Fianna Fáil			44.15%
Fine Gael			27.07%
Progressive Democrats			11.85%
Labour			6.45%
Workers'			3.79%
Sinn Féin			1.85%
Others			0.86%
Independent			3.99%

Seats summary

Dáil seats

Fianna Fáil			48.80%
Fine Gael			30.72%
Progressive Democrats			8.43%
Labour			7.23%
Workers'			2.41%
Democratic Socialist			0.60%
Independent			1.81%

Government formation

Fianna Fáil formed the 20th government of Ireland, a minority government, with Charles Haughey returning as Taoiseach. Haughey was nominated as Taoiseach with the votes of his own party, the support of Independent Fianna Fáil TD Neil Blaney and the abstention of Independent TD Tony Gregory. That left him with just half of votes cast. Ceann Comhairle Seán Treacy exercised his casting vote in favour of the nomination of Haughey. The Fianna Fáil government of 1987 to 1989 was the last time to date that a government composed only of members of one party has been formed in Ireland.

Dáil membership changes

The following changes took place at the election:

17 outgoing TDs retired
1 vacant seat at election time
147 outgoing TDs stood for re-election (also Tom Fitzpatrick, the outgoing Ceann Comhairle, who was automatically returned)
- 127 of those were re-elected
- 20 failed to be re-elected
38 successor TDs were elected
- 32 were elected for the first time
- 6 had previously been TDs
There were 6 successor female TDs, with the total remaining unchanged at 14
There were changes in 32 of the 41 constituencies contested

Where more than one change took place in a constituency, the concept of successor is an approximation for presentation only.

Constituency	Departing TD		Change	Comment	Successor TD
Carlow–Kilkenny	Dick Dowling	Fine Gael	Retired		Martin Gibbons	Progressive Democrats
Cavan–Monaghan	John Conlan	Fine Gael	Lost seat		Andrew Boylan	Fine Gael
Clare	Sylvester Barrett	Fianna Fáil	Retired	De Valera – former TD	Síle de Valera	Fianna Fáil
Cork East	Myra Barry	Fine Gael	Retired	Sherlock – former TD	Joe Sherlock	Workers' Party
Cork North-Central	Toddy O'Sullivan	Labour Party	Moved	O'Sullivan moved to Cork South-Central	Máirín Quill	Progressive Democrats
Cork North-West	No membership changes
Cork South-Central	Gene Fitzgerald	Fianna Fáil	Retired		John Dennehy	Fianna Fáil
	Hugh Coveney	Fine Gael	Lost seat		Batt O'Keeffe	Fianna Fáil
	Eileen Desmond	Labour Party	Retired	O'Sullivan moved from Cork North-Central	Toddy O'Sullivan	Labour Party
Cork South-West	No membership changes
Donegal North-East	No membership changes
Donegal South-West	Cathal Coughlan	Fianna Fáil	Vacant^[c]		Mary Coughlan	Fianna Fáil
Dublin Central	Tom Leonard	Fianna Fáil	Retired		Dermot Fitzpatrick	Fianna Fáil
Dublin Central	Alice Glenn	Independent	Lost seat	Glenn was elected as an FG TD in 1982	John Stafford	Fianna Fáil
Dublin North	Nora Owen	Fine Gael	Lost seat		G. V. Wright	Fianna Fáil
Dublin North-Central	No membership changes
Dublin North-East	Maurice Manning	Fine Gael	Lost seat		Pat McCartan	Workers' Party
Dublin North-West	No membership changes
Dublin South	Nuala Fennell	Fine Gael	Lost seat		Anne Colley	Progressive Democrats
Dublin South	Niall Andrews	Fianna Fáil	Retired		Tom Kitt	Fianna Fáil
Dublin South-Central	John O'Connell	Fianna Fáil	Lost seat		Mary Mooney	Fianna Fáil
Dublin South-East	Joe Doyle	Fine Gael	Lost seat		Michael McDowell	Progressive Democrats
Dublin South-West	Michael O'Leary	Fine Gael	Retired		Chris Flood	Fianna Fáil
Dublin West	Liam Skelly	Fine Gael	Lost seat		Patrick O'Malley	Progressive Democrats
Dublin West	Eileen Lemass	Fianna Fáil	Retired	Lawlor – former TD	Liam Lawlor	Fianna Fáil
Dún Laoghaire	Liam T. Cosgrave	Fine Gael	Lost seat		Geraldine Kennedy	Progressive Democrats
Galway East	No membership changes
Galway West	Fintan Coogan Jnr	Fine Gael	Lost seat	Higgins – former TD	Michael D. Higgins	Labour Party
Kerry North	Tom McEllistrim	Fianna Fáil	Lost seat		Jimmy Deenihan	Fine Gael
Kerry South	Michael Moynihan	Labour Party	Lost seat		John O'Donoghue	Fianna Fáil
Kildare	Joseph Bermingham	Labour Party	Retired		Emmet Stagg	Labour Party
Laois–Offaly	Oliver J. Flanagan	Fine Gael	Retired	Son of outgoing TD	Charles Flanagan	Fine Gael
Limerick East	Tom O'Donnell	Fine Gael	Lost seat	Clohessy – former TD	Peadar Clohessy	Progressive Democrats
Limerick East	Frank Prendergast	Labour Party	Lost seat	Kemmy – former TD	Jim Kemmy	Democratic Socialist Party
Limerick West	William O'Brien	Fine Gael	Retired		John McCoy	Progressive Democrats
Longford–Westmeath	Gerry L'Estrange	Fine Gael	Retired		Henry Abbott	Fianna Fáil
Louth	Pádraig Faulkner	Fianna Fáil	Retired		Dermot Ahern	Fianna Fáil
Mayo East	No membership changes
Mayo West	Paddy O'Toole	Fine Gael	Lost seat		Jim Higgins	Fine Gael
Meath	Jim Fitzsimons	Fianna Fáil	Retired		Noel Dempsey	Fianna Fáil
Roscommon	No membership changes
Sligo–Leitrim	Joe McCartin	Fine Gael	Lost seat		John Ellis	Fianna Fáil
Tipperary North	David Molony	Fine Gael	Retired		Michael Lowry	Fine Gael
Tipperary South	No membership changes
Waterford	Edward Collins	Fine Gael	Lost seat		Martin Cullen	Progressive Democrats
Waterford	Donal Ormonde	Fianna Fáil	Lost seat		Brian Swift	Fianna Fáil
Wexford	Michael D'Arcy	Fine Gael	Lost seat		Brendan Howlin	Labour Party
Wicklow	Godfrey Timmins	Fine Gael	Lost seat		Joe Jacob	Fianna Fáil
Wicklow	Paudge Brennan	Fianna Fáil	Retired		Dick Roche	Fianna Fáil

Seanad election

The Dáil election was followed by an election to the 18th Seanad.

Notes

^ ^a ^b Including Thomas J. Fitzpatrick (FG), returned automatically for Cavan–Monaghan as outgoing Ceann Comhairle, under Art. 16.6 of the Constitution and the Electoral Act 1963, as amended.^[1]^[2]
^ During the previous Dáil, 4 Fianna Fáil TDs and 1 Fine Gael TD had joined the Progressive Democrats.
^ Cathal Coughlan died in 1986 but no by-election was held.

References

^ Electoral (Amendment) (No. 2) Act 1980, s. 1: Amendment of section 14 of Electoral Act 1963 (No. 40 of 1980, s. 1). Enacted on 23 December 1980. Act of the Oireachtas. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book.
^ "25th Dáil 1987: Cavan–Monaghan". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
^ Kenny & Keane 1987, p. 37.
^ "Election results and transfer of votes in general election (February, 1987) for twenty-fifth Dáil and bye-elections to twenty-fourth Dáil (1982–1987)" (PDF). Houses of the Oireachtas. Dublin Stationery Office. July 1987. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
^ "25th Dáil 1987 General Election". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 11 July 2009.
^ "Dáil elections since 1918". ARK Northern Ireland. Retrieved 11 July 2009.
^ Nohlen, Dieter; Stöver, Philip (2010). Elections in Europe: A Data Handbook. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft Mbh & Company. ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7.
^ "Irish General Elections". Irish Elections. Retrieved 12 August 2022.