A Town Has Turned to Dust (Playhouse 90)

"**A Town Has Turned to Dust**"
"A Town Has Turned to Dust"
Playhouse 90 episode
	William Shatner as Jerry Paul
Episode no.	Season 2; Episode 38
Directed by	John Frankenheimer
Written by	Rod Serling
Original air date	June 19, 1958
Running time	90 minutes
Guest appearances
	Rod Steiger as Harvey Denton; William Shatner as Jerry Paul; Fay Spain as Annamay Paul; James Gregory as Hennify;
Episode chronology
← Previous; "The Innocent Sleep"	Next →; "The Great Gatsby"

"A Town Has Turned to Dust" is an American television play broadcast live on June 19, 1958,^[2] as part of the second season of the CBS television series Playhouse 90. Rod Serling wrote the teleplay,^[2]^[1] and John Frankenheimer directed.^[2]^[1] Rod Steiger and William Shatner starred.

Serling originally wrote the story about the lynching of a young African-American in the Southern United States. Due to objections from the program's commercial sponsors, who were concerned with offending white Southern viewers, it was not produced and aired until Serling moved the story's setting out of the South and changed the victim from black to Mexican.

Plot

The production opens with a reporter, Hennify (played by James Gregory), dictating the story of a lynching to be wired back to his newspaper in St. Louis. The teleplay then flashes back with Hennify serving as the narrator.

Pancho Rivera, a 19-year-old Mexican boy, is jailed in Dempseyville, a small southwestern town suffering from drought and heat. Pancho is charged with attempted robbery of the general store and assault on the wife of the shopkeeper, Jerry Paul (played by William Shatner). Paul leads a mob to the jail. Rather than defend Pancho from the mob, the sheriff, Harvey Denton (played by Rod Steiger), turns Rivera over to the mob. Pancho is hanged.

The mob celebrates at the saloon after the lynching. Hennify confronts Paul and Denton. He asks what the penalty would have been if Rivera had been convicted rather than lynched. Hennify is told the penalty would have been five to ten years in prison.

The next day, Hennify visits Paul's store. Hennify observes a mark on the face of Paul's wife, Annamay (played by Fay Spain), and notes that the mark matches the ring on Paul's hand. After Hennify leaves, Annamay accuses Paul of killing an innocent boy. Paul warns her not to damage his good name and throws her to the ground. Denton enters the store and confronts Paul with his suspicion that Paul killed Pancho. Denton suspects that Annamay was in love with Pancho.

The town's Mexican residents stop patronizing Paul's store. They stand in silent protest outside the store. Paul taunts Pancho's brother, Ramon, challenging him to enter the segregated saloon. Ramon enters the saloon and strikes Paul three times with a whip. Paul stirs up the white patrons by blaming the Mexicans for the town's problems. He again leads a mob to the jail, demanding that Ramon be turned over. This time, Denton refuses and speaks to the mob. Annamay appears and tells the mob that she loved Pancho and that was why Paul killed Pancho. Paul and Denton exchange gunfire. Denton is wounded, and Paul is killed.

Denton tells the priest that there is no absolution for him or for the mob. He confesses that he led a mob 16 years earlier that killed an elderly man. Denton then collapses and dies. That night, the drought that has plagued Dempseyville ends as rain begins to fall. Hennify writes that the rain came too late, because the town had already turned to dust due to prejudice and violence.

Cast

The following performers received screen credit for their performances:^[1]^[3]

Starring roles

Rod Steiger as Harvey Denton
William Shatner as Jerry Paul
Fay Spain as Annamay Paul
James Gregory as Hennify the reporter

Other roles

Mario Alcalde as Ramon Rivera
Martin Garralaga as Priest
Eugene Iglesias as Pancho Rivera
Malcolm Atterbury as Jenkins
Paul Lambert as Danny
Sandy Kenyon as Billy
Clegg Hoyt as Flagg
Eddie Ryder as Pete Ankers
Helen Kleeb as Mrs. Flagg
Míriam Colón as Dolores

Robert Ryan hosted the show.^[1]

Production

Martin Manulis was the producer, and John Frankenheimer directed. Rod Serling wrote the teleplay.^[1]^[3] The production was broadcast live on June 19, 1958, from Television City in Los Angeles.^[2]^[1] It was part of the second season of Playhouse 90,^[2] an anthology television series that was voted "the greatest television series of all time" in a 1970 poll of television editors.^[4]

The production received three nominations for the 11th Primetime Emmy Awards: Frankenheimer for best direction of a single dramatic program, one hour or longer; Serling for best writing of a single dramatic program, one hour or longer; and Rod Steiger for best single performance by an actor.^[5]

Serling's teleplay was remade in 1998 as a science fiction film for the Sci-Fi Channel.^[6]

Censorship

Serling originally wrote the story about lynching in the Southern United States based on the killing of Emmett Till in particular.^[7]^[8]^[9] Concerned with offending white viewers in the South, the program's commercial sponsors were unwilling to tackle Southern racism.^[7]^[10] Serling was only able to have the story told by switching the time to the late 19th century, the setting to the southwest, and the victim to a Mexican. Serling recalled:

By the time A Town Has Turned to Dust went before the cameras my script had turned to dust . . . Emmett Till became a romantic Mexican who loved the storekeeper's wife, but 'only with his eye.' . . . The setting was moved to the Southwest in the 1870's . . . The phrase 'twenty men in hoods' became 'twenty men in homemade masks.' They chopped it up like a roomful of butchers at work on a steer.^[7]^[11]

Despite the compromises, Serling biographer Nicholas Parisi observed, "the true target" of Serling's contempt "could hardly have been clearer" than in Sheriff Denton's reply when the mob's leader claims the Mexicans "need to be taught a lesson". In particular, Denton replied:

That's all they've had for a hundred years is a lesson! We've been the teacher. We taught 'em to turn their cheeks, we taught 'em to bow their heads, we taught 'em to say 'yessir.' . . . That's all they've ever had is a lesson! Now, what is left to teach 'em? How to stop breathing in a noose?^[12]

Another sponsor, Prudential Insurance Co., objected to the original ending of the story in which Sheriff Denton committed suicide. The ending was therefore changed so that Denton died from a gunshot wound.^[9]

Reception

In The New York Times, Jack Gould called it "powerful drama" and "a raw, tough and at the same time deeply moving outcry against prejudice." He praised Serling's "vivid dialogue, Frankenheimer's "simply superb" direction, and the "superlative" performances of Steiger and Shatner.^[13]

William Ewald of the UPI called it "a play with good bones", "plenty of meat", and "dialogue that swirled." However, he felt that production was not wholly successful because the portrayals were "too black and white".^[14]

In The Boston Globe, Elizabeth W. Driscoll called it "a taut 90 minutes of live-from-Hollywood theatre."^[15]

Bill Fiset of the Oakland Tribune wrote that its tackling of racial intolerance made it "a milestone for television" and "one of the meatiest dramas the program has ever presented"—not "meek or sterile" like so much television drama. He also credited strong acting by Steiger and Shatner and excellent direction.^[16]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Kinescope of "A Town Has Turned to Dust", aired June 19, 1958. (The program opened with narration stating that it was presented "live from Television City in Hollywood")
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ "Playhouse 90, Season 2". Classic TV Archive. Retrieved September 27, 2020.
^ ^a ^b "The Museum of Television & Radio Screening Series: The Twilight Zone and Beyond: Package 9: A Town Has Turned to Dust and The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street". The Paley Center. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
^ Martin, Douglas (October 2, 2007). "Martin Manulis, TV Pioneer, Dies at 92". The New York Times. Retrieved March 13, 2009.
^ "11th Emmy Awards: Playhouse 90". Film Affinity. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
^ "In Sci-Fi remake, Serling story just turns to dust". Star Tribune. June 27, 1998. p. E8 – via Newspapers.com.
^ ^a ^b ^c Anne Serling (2013). As I Knew Him: My Dad, Rod Serling. Citadel Press. pp. 96–97. ISBN 9780806536156.
^ "Rod Serling's "A Town Has Turned to Dust" Presented at Ithaca College". Television Academy. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
^ ^a ^b Susan King (August 21, 1997). "The Mature Candidate". Los Angeles Times – via Newspapers.com.{"It was supposed to be what happened to the men who killed Emmett Till . . . Then the sponsors told the network they Would not sponsor it. We had to rewrite it as a western.")
^ Christopher Metress (2008). "Submitted for Their Approval: Rod Serling and the Lynching of Emmett Till" (PDF). Mississippi Quarterly. pp. 164–165. Retrieved October 8, 2020.("According to Serling, his June 1957 concept was rejected by the sponsors. 'Manulis promised he would buck my play through the opposition that could be expected from the six sponsors Playhouse 90 bad at the time,' Serling remembered in 1960, 'but they ganged up on him. We never bad a chance to carry out the original concept")
^ Tom Hopkins (November 27, 1995). "Television's Visionary". Dayton Daily News. pp. 6B, 7B – via Newspapers.com.}
^ Nicholas Parisi (2018). Rod Serling: His Life, Work, and Imagination. University Press of Mississippi. pp. 149–150.
^ Jack Gould (June 20, 1958). "TV: Prejudice Dissected; Rod Serling's 'A Town Has Turned To Dust' offered on 'Playhouse 90'". The New York Times. p. 47.
^ William Ewald (June 20, 1958). "'A Town Has Turned to Dust' Good, Not Wholly Successful". The Bend Bulletin. United Press International. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Elizabeth W. Driscoll (June 20, 1956). "The Case Against Race Bias". The Boston Globe. p. 31 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Bill Fiset (June 20, 1958). "Lynching Drama Hits Home Hard". Oakland Tribune. p. 25 – via Newspapers.com.