Banggai crow

Banggai crow
	C. unicolor in Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia
Conservation status
	; Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Corvidae
Genus:	Corvus
Species:	C. unicolor
Binomial name
	Corvus unicolor; (Rothschild & Hartert, 1900)
Synonyms
	Corvus enca unicolor; Gazzola unicolor

The Banggai crow (Corvus unicolor) is a member of the crow family from Banggai regency in the province of Central Sulawesi in Indonesia. It is listed as critically endangered by IUCN.^[1] It was feared extinct, but was finally rediscovered during surveys on Peleng Island off the southeast coast of Sulawesi by Indonesian ornithologist Mochamad Indrawan in 2007 and 2008.

It was sometimes considered a subspecies of the slender-billed crow, but it is actually rather distinct from this bird, resembling an entirely black piping crow overall. The Banggai crow is a small crow, some 39 cm (15 in) long and completely black with a pale iris and a short tail.^[2]

For more than a century, it was known from only two specimens taken from an unknown island in the Banggai Archipelago - probably in 1884/1885. Visits to the archipelago in 1991 and 1996 yielded no unequivocal records of the species, leading some to believe it was extinct. During a survey conducted between 2007 and 2008 and partially financed by the Zoological Society for the Conservation of Species and Populations (Germany), it was repeatedly seen on Peleng Island^[3] and Indonesian ornithologist Mochamad Indrawan caught and photographed two individuals.^[4] The validity of the crows on Peleng was not recognized by BirdLife International in its 2009 Red List. Confirmation of the identity based on two specimens from Peleng was made by Pamela C. Rasmussen of the American Museum of Natural History in October 2009.

The total population is estimated at approximately 500 mature individuals, living in mountain forest at altitudes above 500 m (1,600 ft).^[3] The decline of the Banggai crow is thought to be primarily due to habitat loss and degradation through agriculture and extraction.

This bird remained a complete enigma for a long time. Listed as Vulnerable in the 1994 IUCN Red List, it was changed to Endangered in 2000. In 2006, the status was considered as Possibly Extinct. This proved to be incorrect and the status was corrected to Critically Endangered in the 2007 Red List.^[5]^[1]

Footnotes

^ ^a ^b ^c BirdLife International (2018) [errata version of 2017 assessment]. "Corvus unicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22705953A125525069. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22705953A117650134.en. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
^ Vaurie (1958), Madge & Burn (1994).
^ ^a ^b Association for the Conservation of Threatened Parrots
^ ZGAP Mitteilungen 23/2 (2008), pp. 13-14 (German)
^ See Collar et al. (2001), BirdLife International (2004, 2007a,b).

References

Association for the Conservation of Threatened Parrots. Status and biology of the Banggai Crow (Corvus unicolor) Accessed 24-10-2009
BirdLife International (2009): Banggai Crow - BirdLife Species Factsheet. Retrieved 2009-JUN-19.
Collar, Nigel J.; Andreev, A. V.; Chan, S.; Crosby, M. J.; Subramanya, S. & Tobias, J. A. (eds.) (2001): Banggai Crow. In: Threatened Birds of Asia: The BirdLife International Red Data Book: 2415–2416. BirdLife International. ISBN 0-946888-44-2 HTML fulltext
Madge, Steve & Burn, Hilary (1994): Crows and jays: a guide to the crows, jays and magpies of the world. A&C Black, London. ISBN 0-7136-3999-7
Vaurie, Charles (1958): Remarks on some Corvidae of Indo-Malaya and the Australian region. American Museum Novitates 1915: 1-13. PDF fulltext
Steve Madge & John Marzluff: Family Corvidae (Crows and Allies) In: Del Hoyo et al. (2009) Handbook of the Birds of World Volume 14 (with the first ever photograph of a living specimen)
Goodwin, Derek (1976): Crows of the World