Battle of the Kondurcha River

Battle of the Kondurcha River
	Part of the Tokhtamysh–Timur war
	; Timur's First Deshti Kipchak Campaign (1391)
Date	18 June 1391
Location	Volga Bulgaria, Golden Horde
Result	Timurid victory
Belligerents
Timurid Empire	Golden Horde Alans; Vainakhs; Circassians; Russians;
Commanders and leaders
Timur; Muhammad; Umar Shaykh I; Miran Shah	Tokhtamysh
Strength
Approximately 100,000	180,000–200,000; 240,000–300,000
Casualties and losses
Unknown	Approximately 100,000

The Battle of the Kondurcha River was the first major battle of the Tokhtamysh–Timur war.^[5] It took place at the Kondurcha River, in the Bulgar Ulus of the Golden Horde, in what today is Samara Oblast in Russia. Tokhtamysh's cavalry tried to encircle Timur's army from the flanks. However, the Central Asian army withstood the assault, after which its sudden frontal attack put the Horde troops to flight. However, many of the Golden Horde troops escaped to fight again at Terek.

Timur had previously assisted Tokhtamysh in taking the throne of the White Horde in 1378. In the following years both men grew in power, with Tokhtamysh taking full control of the Golden Horde while Timur expanded his power all over the Middle East. However Timur took Azerbaijan, which Tokhtamysh believed was rightfully Golden Horde territory. He invaded Timurid territory, briefly besieging Samarkand before being chased off by Timur. Timur pursued Tokhtamysh until the latter turned to fight him next to the Kondurcha River.

References

^ Tucker, Spencer. A Global Chronology of Conflict From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East, Volume I: ca. 3000 BCE – 1499 CE. p. 315.
^ Hattstein, Markus. Islam Sanatı ve Mimarisi, Timurlular (in Turkish). p. 410.
^ Verdiyev, Muhammed. Altın Orda Devleti'nde Nasıreddin Toktamış Han Dönemi (1379–1397) (in Turkish). p. 139.
^ Mirgaleev, ll'nur. El peor enemigo de Timur La campaña contra la Horda de Oro;desperta ferro: antigua y medieval (in Spanish). p. 38.
^ Tucker, Spencer C. (2009). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-85109-672-5.

Sources

"Кондырча буендагы сугыш". Tatar Encyclopaedia (in Tatar). Kazan: The Republic of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences. Institution of the Tatar Encyclopaedia. 2002.
Marozzi, Justin (2004). Tamerlane Sword of Islam, Conqueror of the World. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-00-711611-X.
Hookham, Hilda (1962). Tamburlaine the Conqueror. Hodder and Stoughton.