Biertan

Biertan
Biertan
Commune
	Biertan fortified church
	Location in Sibiu County
	Biertan Location in Romania
	Coordinates: 46°8′23″N 24°31′25″E / 46.13972°N 24.52361°E
Country	Romania
County	Sibiu
Established	1224 (first official record)
Government
• Mayor (2020–2024)	Mircea Dragomir (PNL)
Area	97.26 km2 (37.55 sq mi)
Population (2021-12-01)	2,239
• Density	23/km2 (60/sq mi)
Time zone	EET/EEST (UTC+2/+3)
Postal code	557045
Vehicle reg.	SB
Website	www.comunabiertan.ro

Biertan (German: Birthälm; Transylvanian Saxon dialect: Birthälm/Bierthalmen/Bierthalm; Hungarian: Berethalom) is a commune in Transylvania, Romania. The commune is composed of three villages: Biertan, Copșa Mare (German: Gross-Kopisch; Hungarian: Nagykapus), and Richiș (German: Reichesdorf; Hungarian: Riomfalva), each of which has a fortified church.

Biertan is one of the most important Saxon villages with fortified churches in Transylvania, having been on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 1993. The Biertan fortified church was the seat of the Evangelical Lutheran Bishop in Transylvania between 1572 and 1867.

The route of the Via Transilvanica long-distance trail passes through all three villages in the commune.^[3]

Geography

It is located in the north of the Sibiu County, on the Vale river, 80 km north of Sibiu and 29 km east of Mediaș.

History

The first documentary testimony about the village dates from 1283 in a document about the taxes paid by the inhabitants of 7 villages and so it is believed to have been founded sometime between 1224 and 1283 by Transylvanian Saxons. The village settlement quickly developed into an important market town and by 1510 Biertan supported a population of about 5,000 people. Between 1468 and the 16th century a small fortified church (German: Kirchenburg/Wehrkirche) was constructed and developed. After the medieval period, the settlement declined in importance with the rise of neighbouring Sighișoara (German: Schäßburg), Sibiu (German: Hermannstadt), and Mediaș (German: Mediasch).

In the Romanian census of 1930, Biertan had 2,331 inhabitants, of whom 1,228 were Transylvanian Saxons. During World War II many men were conscripted into the Romanian army and later on forcefully drafted in the Waffen-SS. After the war, many Transylvanian Saxons were deported from the region to labour camps in the former Soviet Union (USSR). During communism, many left for West Germany. Following the collapse of communism in 1990, many more left for Germany.

Today the whole commune has a population of about 2,500 and the village of Biertan alone has about 1,600 people. It is one of the most visited villages in Transylvania, being the historically important place of the annual reunion of the Transylvanian Saxons, many of whom now live in Germany.

Festivals

The "Luna Plină" ("Full Moon") Horror and Fantasy Film Festival takes place in Biertan. It is the only film festival in Romania focused exclusively on fantasy movies.^[4]

Natives

Johann Peter Migendt (1703–1767), organ builder
Artur Phleps (1881–1944), a Biertan-born military career officer. He, uniquely, served in the Habsburg army of Austria-Hungary, the royal army of Romania and finally the Waffen-SS.
Nicolae Popoviciu [ro] (1903–1960), bishop
Sara Römischer. Although she was not famous in the traditional sense, her story is representative of that experienced by many Transylvanian Saxons in Biertan following the Second World War. Sara was deported to Siberia in January 1945. She survived and after five years returned to her hometown of Biertan to bring up her family through many further hardships. Read an English translation^[5] of her harrowing story, or for the original German text^[6] in Siebenbürgische Zeitung).

Demographics

According to the 2011 census, Romanians made up 73.8% of the population, Roma made up 17.9%, Germans (more specifically Transylvanian Saxons) made up 4.6%, and Hungarians made up 3.6%.^[7]

Gallery

The former home of Sara Römischer, in the old Kirchgasse (i.e. church alley) of Biertan/Birthälm
Close-up view of the Biertan/Birthälm fortified church
Footage of Biertan from 2010
The Evangelical Lutheran medieval fortified church of Biertan/Birthälm during autumn
Biertan on a 2011 Romanian stamp
Medieval fortified Evangelical Lutheran church in Richiș/Reichesdorf
Aerial view of Richiș/Reichesdorf
Lock on a wooden door in the church at Biertan. The lock contains 19 locks in one. It won first prize at the Paris World Expo in 1900.
Biertan in 1881, digitized copy from the British Library
Ensemble of the Evangelical fortified church
Indoor fortified enclosure with three towers, bastion and gate tower
Biertan Donarium
The Evangelical Lutheran medieval fortified church of Biertan/Birthälm during autumn
The Evangelical Lutheran fortified church of Biertan/Birthälm in 1964
3D model rendition of the fortified church
The plan of the fortified church
The fortified church in winter
The fortified church in winter