June 27, 1966 (1966-06-27) – April 2, 1971 (1971-04-02)
Dark Shadows is an American gothicsoap opera that aired weekdays on the ABC television network from June 27, 1966, to April 2, 1971. The show depicted the lives, loves, trials, and tribulations of the wealthy Collins family of Collinsport, Maine, where a number of supernatural occurrences take place.
The series became popular when vampireBarnabas Collins (Jonathan Frid) was introduced ten months into its run. It would also feature ghosts, werewolves, zombies, man-made monsters, witches, warlocks, time travel, and a parallel universe. A small company of actors each played many roles; as actors came and went, some characters were played by more than one actor. The show was distinguished by its melodramatic performances, atmospheric interiors, numerous dramatic plot twists, broad cosmos of characters, and heroic adventures. Unusual among the soap operas of its time, which were aimed primarily at adults, Dark Shadows developed a large teenage audience and a dedicated cult following. By 1969, it had become ABC's highest-rated daytime series.
TV Guide's list of all-time Top Cult Shows ranked the series #19 in 2004,[2] and #23 in 2007.[3]
History
Creator Dan Curtis claimed he had a dream in 1965 of a mysterious young woman on a train. The following day Curtis told his wife of the dream and pitched the idea as a TV series to ABC. Network officials greenlit production and Curtis began hiring crew members.[4]
Art Wallace was hired to create a story from Curtis's dream sequence. Wallace wrote the story bibleShadows on the Wall,[5] the proposed title for the show, later changed to Dark Shadows.[6] Robert Costello was added as a line producer, and Curtis took on the creator and executive producer roles. Lela Swift, John Sedwick, and Henry Kaplan all agreed to be directors for the new series. Robert Cobert created the musical score and Sy Tomashoff designed the set.
Broadcast history
Perhaps one of ABC's first truly popular daytime series, along with the game show Let's Make a Deal (which had moved from its original home NBC in 1968), Dark Shadows found its demographic niche in teenagers coming home from school in time to watch the show at 4 p.m. Eastern/3 p.m. Central, where it aired for almost all of its network run, the exception being a 15-month stretch between April 1967 and July 1968, when it aired a half-hour earlier. Originally, it was aired in black-and-white, but the show went into color starting with the episode broadcast on August 11, 1967. It became one of ABC's first daytime shows to win the rating for its timeslot, leading to the demise of NBC's original Match Game and Art Linkletter's long-running House Party on CBS, both in 1969.
Dark Shadows began with a 4.1 rating in the 1965–66 TV season, tying for thirteenth place out of eighteen daytime dramas. The audience figures only improved slightly, to 4.3, in 1966–67. 1966 was a volatile year for soaps, and many ended their runs between the premiere date of Dark Shadows in June and the month of December. By that time, six months had passed, and Dark Shadows had failed to gain major traction. In June, it ranked #13 out of 18 soaps, and by December, the lower-rated offerings were gone and the show officially ranked #13 out of 13 soaps. "The show was limping along, really limping", head writer Sam Hall remembered, "and ABC said, 'We're canceling it. Unless you pick up in 26 weeks, you're finished.' [Series creator Dan Curtis] had always wanted to do a vampire picture, so he decided to bring a vampire — Barnabas Collins — to the series."[7]
Barnabas was introduced in April 1967 and the fan response was swift and immediate. Coupled with a time slot change to 3:30 Eastern/2:30 Central, the fortunes of Dark Shadows rebounded, as many more teenagers found the program after tuning out the other offerings that may have been too "boring" to them. By May 1968, the series was still in last place (out of 12 offerings), but rose to a 7.3 rating, the rough equivalent (at that time) of gaining the viewership of three million households in the span of one year. Dark Shadows would return to its 4 p.m. Eastern/3 p.m. Central time slot in July 1968, without losing much of its audience at all. One Life to Live, which was launched by ABC in July 1968 in the 3:30 slot, also sought to reach the newfound young demographic.
The series reached its peak in popularity during a storyline set in the year 1897, broadcast from March 1969. By the end of May, Dark Shadows was ABC's most popular soap opera, and by late 1969 it was reaching between 7 and 9 million viewers on any given day, and ranking 11th out of a total 15 daytime dramas in that time period.[8][9]
In November 1969, after nine months of some of Dark Shadows' most intricate, intelligent storylines[opinion], the 1897 storyline came to an end. With ratings at an all-time high, the writers were under pressure to hold the audience.[10] Their next storyline, known as "The Leviathans", proved to be a thematic misstep for the show and one from which it never recovered. Fans tended to dislike the portrayal of Barnabas as the pawn of some greater power. They were more interested in the archetypes of classic horror—the vampire, the witch, the werewolf—than in off-camera suggestion.[11] The launch of Somerset in March 1970, a much-publicized spin-off of NBC's Another World, also hurt the series considerably.
The release of the film House of Dark Shadows in September of that year is also thought to have caused TV ratings to fall, possibly due to parents, attending the film with their children, discouraging their choice of television viewing material due to the amount of blood spilled on screen.[12] Beginning in the fall of 1970, several ABC stations across the country dropped the show due to falling viewership. Within six months, ratings dropped from 7.3 to 5.3., though the ratings improved in its final weeks.[13] The series was canceled on April 2, 1971, and replaced the following Monday with a new version of the game show Password. The last minute of the final episode included a voiceover by actor Thayer David wrapping up many of the plotlines on the show.[14]
The original cast reunited in 2003 for a special reunion play recorded for MPI, and in 2006 resumed production of Dark Shadows audio dramas for Big Finish (see below). These dramas have been ongoing for 10 seasons.[15]
Victoria Winters and her role as governess is inspired by title character in Charlotte Brontë's gothic novel Jane Eyre.[16]
Burke Devlin's Revenge For His Manslaughter Conviction, episode 1 to 201
Burke Devlin and his motivation for returning is reminiscent of Alexandre Dumas' novel The Count of Monte Cristo.[17]
Roger Collins' Mysterious Car Crash, episode 13 to 32
The Murder of Bill Malloy, episode 46 to 126
Laura Collins the Phoenix, episode 123 to 192
Jason McGuire Blackmails Elizabeth Collins Stoddard, episode 193 to 275
The Arrival of the Vampire Barnabas Collins, episode 211 to 220
Elements of this storyline are inspired by the novel Dracula by Bram Stoker.
The Kidnapping of Maggie Evans, episode 221 to 261
Julia Hoffman's Attempt to Cure Barnabas, episode 265 to 351
Barnabas Terrorizing Julia Hoffman, episode 352 to 365
1795
Angelique Bouchard's Vampire Curse on Barnabas, episode 366 to 426
Victoria Winters's Witchcraft Trial, episode 400 to 461
The witchcraft trial involving Victoria Winters is inspired by Arthur Miller's play The Crucible. Reverend Trask's fate is inspired by Edgar Allan Poe's short story "The Cask of Amontillado."[16]
Nathan Forbes' Manipulation of Millicent Collins, episode 419 to 460
Nathan's manipulation of Millicent is reminiscent of the 1938 play and the 1944 film Gaslight.
The theme of an artist's falling in love with his own creation who is brought to life by supernatural forces is reminiscent of the classic Greek myth of Pygmalion.
Josette's Return, episode 844 to 885
Count Petofi Body Swaps with Quentin, episode 849 to 883
The character of Count Petofi is based on the real-world Count of St. Germain, a Georgian-era courtier and man of science who claimed to be, and possibly was, the son of Francis II Rákóczi. In the 19th century, Theosophist legends claimed that he attained the secret of immortality.[16][18]
1969/70
Barnabas Falls Under the Control of the Leviathans, episode 886 to 950
Curtis set out to find the actress to play the girl on the train. Alexandra Isles (then Alexandra Moltke), a young actress with little experience, was discovered and cast in the role of Victoria Winters,[19] an orphan who journeys to the mysterious, fictional town of Collinsport, Maine, to unravel the mysteries of her past.
Veteran film star Joan Bennett was soon cast as Victoria's employer Elizabeth Collins Stoddard,[20] a woman who had not left her home in over eighteen years. Stage actor Louis Edmonds was cast as Elizabeth's brother, a widower, Roger Collins.[21][22] Another stage actress, Nancy Barrett, was then cast as Elizabeth's headstrong daughter Carolyn Stoddard,[23] and child actor David Henesy was cast as Roger's troubled son David Collins.[23]
As production on the series continued, many new and mysterious characters, played by unfamiliar actors and actresses, were introduced, but two early cast changes brought stage actors David Ford and Thayer David into the ensemble. Thayer David would go on to play several formidable villains over the course of the series. Michael Currie, as Constable Jonas Carter, was shortly replaced by veteran actor Dana Elcar, as Sheriff George Patterson. Most of the actors played multiple characters, and those characters often returned through flashbacks, the use of parallel timelines, or as ghosts.
Main cast
Character names noted with * indicates appearance of a counterpart in an alternate reality known as Parallel Time during episodes 969 to 1060 or 1186 to 1245.
Both theatrical films, House of Dark Shadows (1970) and Night of Dark Shadows (1971), were shot primarily on location at the Lyndhurst estate in Tarrytown, New York. For the TV series, Essex, Connecticut was the locale used for the town of Collinsport. Among the locations sited there are the Collinsport Wharf, Main Street, and the Evans Cottage. The Griswold Inn in Essex was used for the Collinsport Inn, and the town post office was used for the Collinsport Police Station. The Collinwood stand-in mansion used for the TV series is the Carey Mansion in Newport, Rhode Island, until August 2009 used by Salve Regina University. The exteriors for the "Old House," aka Collins House (the original Collinwood mansion) were filmed at Spratt Mansion, which was also located on the Lyndhurst estate; this mansion was destroyed by fire in 1969. The Lockwood-Mathews Mansion in South Norwalk, Connecticut, was also used for some scenes in House of Dark Shadows. Some outdoors shots for the series were filmed in the famous Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, not far from the Lyndhurst Mansion.[24]
All of the interiors of the TV series were shot on sound stages at various ABC-owned studios in Manhattan. The early episodes were shot at ABC Studio TV-2 at 24 West 67th Street, and the rest of the episodes were shot at the smaller ABC Studio TV-16 at 433 West 53rd Street, now demolished; as of 2022, it is the site of a six-story, 60-unit apartment building.
Special effects
Working within the constraints of the live-to-tape format—with almost every scene done in one take—Dark Shadows displayed an unusually inventive use of costume, make-up, and in particular, special effects. Both time travel and ghosts allowed characters killed in earlier sequences to return, often in period clothing. Séances held in the old mansion were often visited by ghostly apparitions of quivering ectoplasm. Dream sequences included colorful psychedelic spectacles superimposed over ethereal, fog-filled fantasies. Individuals of normal appearance were transformed into hideous creatures of the netherworld.[citation needed] One episode was carefully edited so that a closeup of a clock on the set showed the exact time viewers in the Central time zone saw the clock.
Music
Of particular note is Robert Cobert's music score, which broke new ground for a television program. In September 1969, the original soundtrack to Dark Shadows, credited to the Robert Cobert Orchestra and featuring 16 tracks written or co-written by Cobert, reached no. 18 on Billboard's Top 200 album chart. The song "Quentin's Theme" earned Cobert a Grammy nomination for Best Instrumental Theme, but lost to John Barry's theme for Midnight Cowboy. A recording of "Quentin's Theme" by the Charles Randolph Grean Sounde was released as a single, and in August 1969, when the TV series was something of a phenomenon, it peaked at no. 13 on Billboard's Hot 100 chart, no. 3 on its Easy Listening chart, and no. 5 for 3 weeks in Canada.[25]
Reception
Critical response
Dark Shadows had a rocky beginning. Critics were quick to deem the series boring for its heavy use of unknown actress Isles and the slow pace. Variety, in its review on June 29, 1966, of the first episode of Dark Shadows: "Writer Art Wallace took so much time getting into his story that the first episode of the Neo Gothic soaper added up to one big contemporary yawn."[23] The earliest episodes concerned menacing but unfulfilled conflicts, threatened revenge, then an attempted murder, and, finally, a murder. The supernatural elements that later made the show a hit, were slow to appear and only hinted at until episodes 52 and 70 in which the audience finally sees compelling evidence of a ghost.
Unlike some other soap operas of its era, the episodes of Dark Shadows all were preserved in some format, although one episode exists only as an audio recording and several color episodes only have black and white kinescopes available.[26]
MPI Home Video currently holds the home media rights to the series. All episodes were issued on VHS from 1989 through 1995. Episodes 210–1245 (Barnabas' arrival through to the end of the series) have been released on DVD in 26 Collections from 2002 through 2006. Episodes 1–209 were released in 2007 under the title of Dark Shadows: The Beginning. On April 3, 2012, MPI re-released the 32 Collections. The first (and sometimes, the second) collection (from Barnabas's introduction) has been released internationally, but due to generally low sales, this has been the extent of the international release of the series.
On April 10, 2012, MPI released a "Limited Edition Complete Series" box set in the shape of a coffin. The 131 DVDs are housed in 22 individual plastic cases, with the spines looking upward to show the entire body of Barnabas lying asleep in his coffin. Only 2,500 numbered copies of these were made, with each set including a limited edition card signed by original series star Jonathan Frid. A similar but unlimited "Deluxe Edition" set was subsequently released on July 10, 2012, without the limited edition card signed by Jonathan Frid and without the serial limitation number plate on the bottom of the box.[27][28]
During the filming of House of Dark Shadows in 1970, several actors were written out of the TV series so that they would be available to shoot the movie. Kathryn Leigh Scott was absent from 30 episodes (986 to 1015); Jonathan Frid was absent from 28 episodes (983 to 1010); Grayson Hall was absent from 21 episodes (986 to 1006); John Karlen was absent from 21 episodes (990 to 1010); Nancy Barrett was absent from 20 episodes (991 to 1010): Louis Edmonds was absent from 17 episodes (991 to 1008); Don Briscoe was absent from 15 episodes (986 to 1000); Joan Bennett was absent from 15 episodes (991 to 1006); and David Henesy was absent from 9 episodes (993 to 1001).
Novels
There have been two series of Dark Shadows novels. The first, released during the show's original run, were all penned by romance writer Marilyn Ross, a pseudonym for author Dan Ross, and were published by Paperback Library. Ross also wrote a novelization of the theatrical film House of Dark Shadows.
No.
Title
Release Date
Notes
1
Dark Shadows
December 1966
A partial re-telling of Victoria Winters' arrival in Collinsport. Originally printed with an illustrated cover, subsequent editions featured a photographic cover featuring Alexandra Moltke with Jonathan Frid, although the character of Barnabas Collins does not appear in the book. This is also the case with books 2 to 4. Collinwood is referred to here as Collins House.
2
Victoria Winters
March 1967
3
Strangers at Collins House
September 1967
Partially takes place in 1916.
4
The Mystery of Collinwood
January 1968
5
The Curse of Collinwood
May 1968
The only book in series not to be printed with a purely photographic cover, and the first to feature Barnabas Collins (who does not appear in the book) on the cover. The cover features a photo of Jonathan Frid as Barnabas superimposed over the illustrated cover art from Dark Shadows.
6
Barnabas Collins
November 1968
First book to feature Barnabas Collins. In the television series Barnabas was chained to his coffin in 1796 and not released until 1967; here Ross offers an alternate timeline in which the vampire was never held captive at all. Takes place in the early 1900s.
7
The Secret of Barnabas Collins
January 1969
Takes place in 1870.
8
The Demon of Barnabas Collins
April 1969
The first book to present Barnabas in a heroic vein rather than as the villain, following the trend set by the television series.
9
The Foe of Barnabas Collins
July 1969
Features the character of Chris Jennings, although presented here as a villain rather than the sympathetic victim depicted in the television series. It also features a rare appearance by Angelique. Takes place in 1910.
Novelization. Several scenes cut from the film version were included. It also featured 16 pages of black and white photos from the film's production.
23
Barnabas, Quentin and the Scorpio Curse
November 1970
24
Barnabas, Quentin and the Serpent
December 1970
Takes place in 1870.
25
Barnabas, Quentin and the Magic Potion
January 1971
This story marks a sudden shift in the characterization of Quentin Collins, who up to this point in the range had been portrayed as an enemy of Barnabas.
26
Barnabas, Quentin and the Body Snatchers
February 1971
This is the only book in the series told in the omniscient point of view. It also features a rare appearance by Julia Hoffman. As suggested by its title, a homage to Jack Finney's 1955 science fiction novel The Body Snatchers.
In 2003, a two-part article titled "Collecting Dark Shadows: Return to Collinwood", written by Rod Labbe, appeared in Autograph Collector magazine; it was the first major article to chronicle the show in years. In 2005, Scary Monsters Magazine devoted an entire issue (#55) to Dark Shadows. Included were full-length interviews with cast members Marie Wallace, David Selby, and Kathryn Leigh-Scott, as well as "Don't Open That Coffin! A Baby Boomer's Adventures in the Land of Dark Shadows!" Both the Autograph Collector and Scary Monsters articles were penned by freelance writer Rod Labbe, who once ran a fan club for Dennis Patrick (Jason McGuire, Paul Stoddard) in 1969–70.[citation needed]
Labbe also contributes to Fangoria magazine and is currently doing a series of full-length interviews with surviving original cast members, leading up to the release of Burton's film. Labbe's interview with Jerry Lacy, who played the nefarious Reverend Trask, appeared in issue #296. His second, with Kathryn Leigh-Scott, was in issue #304. The latest, a Chris Pennock (Jeb Hawkes, a.k.a. "The Leviathan") profile, is scheduled to run in issue #310. He has already interviewed Marie Wallace (Eve and Jenny Collins) for a future issue, with more to come. A lengthier version of Kathryn's interview can be found on her website.[citation needed]
Comics
From March 14, 1971, to March 11, 1972, the Newspaper Enterprise Association syndicated a Dark Shadowscomic strip by illustrator Kenneth Bruce Bald (credited as "K. Bruce" because of contractual obligations) to dozens of newspapers across the United States.[31] In 1996, Pomegranate Press, Ltd. published Dark Shadows: The Comic Strip Book (ISBN0-938817-39-6), which collected the entire 52-week run of the daily and Sunday strip.
Gold Key Comics released 35 issues of a regular Dark Shadowscomic book, mostly written by John Warner, which ran for years after the cancellation of the series on ABC (1969–1976); and in 1991, Innovation Publishing released a short-lived comic book series based on the NBC-TV revival show. Hermes Press has released a five-volume archive reprint series of the Gold Key series in 2010–2011. Additionally, Dynamite Entertainment launched a new monthly series of Dark Shadows comic books in October 2011.[32]
Other media
There have also been two board games, a few coloring books, two jigsaw puzzles, and a View-Master reel.[33]
Syndication
Due to an FCC rule prohibiting networks from keeping their syndication holdings, it wasn't until 1975 that the ABC-spun Worldvision Enterprises released 130 episodes to syndication. Eventually, all but the pre-Barnabas and approximately the last year's episodes were part of the package. During the 1980s, PBS was heavily involved in rebroadcasting the series. In 1992, the cable network the Sci-Fi Channel (now Syfy) acquired the entire run of episodes. The channel stopped airing Dark Shadows in 2003.[34]
Online streaming site Netflix carried the series previous to 2012, but then dropped all but 160 episodes. The series was completely removed in early 2014.[35][36] In June 2012, episodes 210-249 of Dark Shadows, covering the introduction of Barnabas Collins, were made available for streaming online video on Hulu, then a free service like YouTube. In October 2013, 200 episodes were offered on Hulu Plus, the new Hulu subscription service. As of April 2015, the non-subscription part of the service was discontinued and some of it was merged into the subscription side, dropping the Hulu Plus title and going by simply Hulu. After several years, the series was removed as of the summer of 2020.[37]
Both the original soap opera and prime-time versions have aired on the Decades TV Network. Decades was known for its Halloween marathons of the show throughout the late 2010s that the network called The Binge. In 2018, 260 episodes of the program started airing at 12AM ET/11PM Central on weeknights.[38] The MPI Media Group, who has the rights to the show's distribution, started a pay streaming service dedicated specifically to the program in October 2017.[39] In January 2018, Amazon Prime was the first streaming service to carry every episode at once. However, in late 2019 it moved to the site's IMDb TV Channel accompanied by commercials.[40] The free ad-supported Tubi TV acquired rights to all 1,225 episodes in January 2020 and in September, the similar Pluto TV added a Dark Shadows channel.[41][42]
Based on a 2003 stage play performed at a Dark Shadows convention, Return to Collinwood is an audio drama written by Jamison Selby and Jim Pierson, and starring David Selby, Kathryn Leigh Scott, John Karlen, Nancy Barrett, Lara Parker, Roger Davis, Marie Wallace, Christopher Pennock, Donna Wandrey, James Storm, and Terry Crawford. The show is available on CD.
In January 2015, Big Finish began releasing the full-cast Dark Shadows serial Bloodlust in twice-weekly installments, as to emulate the initial soap opera format of the show.[47]
In 1991, MGM Television produced a short-lived prime-time remake that aired on NBC from January 13 to March 22. The revival was a lavish, big-budget, weekly serial combining Gothic romance and stylistic horror. Although it was a huge hit at its introduction (watched by almost 1 in 4 households, according to official ratings during that time period), the onset of the Gulf War caused NBC to continually preempt or reschedule the episodes, resulting in declining ratings.[citation needed] It was canceled after the first season. The final episode ended with a cliffhanger: Victoria Winters (Joanna Going)'s learning that Barnabas Collins (Ben Cross) was a 200-year-old vampire.
Plans for another revival series (or film) have been discussed off and on since the 1991 series' demise, including a TV miniseries to wrap up the plotlines of the canceled NBC series and a feature film, co-written by Dan Curtis and Barbara Steele, utilizing the 1991 cast. In 2004, a pilot for a new WB network Dark Shadows series, starring Marley Shelton as Victoria Winters and Alec Newman as Barnabas Collins, was written and shot, but never picked up. The pilot has been screened at the Dark Shadows Festival conventions with Dan Curtis Productions' blessing, and it can now be found online. This pilot was produced by Warner Bros. Television.[48]
In 2012, Warner Bros. produced a film adaptation of the soap opera. Tim Burton directed the film, and Johnny Depp, finally realizing one of his childhood fantasies, starred as Barnabas Collins. However, the film treated the stories comedically, and was not the hoped-for major success.
Reincarnation
In September 2019, it was announced that The CW and Warner Bros. Television were developing a continuation of the original series called Dark Shadows: Reincarnation, written by Mark B. Perry. Perry would also serve as executive producer along with Amasia Entertainment's Michael Helfant, Bradley Gallo and Tracy Mercer, as well as Tracy and Cathy Curtis. Perry said, "As a first-generation fan, it's been a dream of mine to give Dark Shadows the Star Trek treatment since way back in the '80s when Next Generation was announced, so I'm beyond thrilled and humbled to be entrusted with this resurrection."[49][50][51][52] In November 2020, TVLine reported that the series was no longer in development.[53] In August 2021, Perry revealed that the project was retooled with the intention to shop it to networks again.[54]
^Played by George Mitchell during episodes 6 to 16.
^Played by Vince O'Brien during episodes 148 to 174, 328 and 503 to 675; Angus Cairns during episodes 341 and 342; and Alfred Sandor during episode 615.
^Leigh Scott, Kathryn (ed.), The Dark Shadows Companion: 25th Anniversary Collection. Pomegranate Press, 1990. pg. 157; ISBN0-938817-25-6.
^Thompson, Jeff, The Television Horrors of Dan Curtis: "Dark Shadows," "The Night Stalker" and Other Productions, McFarland & Co Inc, 2009. pp. 65. ISBN9780786436934.
^Leigh Scott, Kathyrn (ed.), The Dark Shadows Companion: 25th Anniversary Collection. Pomegranate Press, 1990. pp. 177. ISBN0-938817-25-6.
^Leigh Scott, Kathyrn; Jim Pierson (ed.), Dark Shadows Almanac. Pomegranate Press, 1995. pp. 104. ISBN0-938817-18-3.
^In episode 28, Burke Devlin is seen reading this novel. It similarity to events is commented upon, i.e. a man returning to his home town to wreak revenge.
^"Saint Germain" (claimed by the Church Universal and Triumphant to have been dictated by Saint Germain to Mark Prophet) Studies in Alchemy Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA: 1974 Summit Lighthouse. See occult biographical sketch of history of Saint Germain, pages 80–90
^Millman, Joyce (21 May 2002). "Dark Shadows". Salon. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
^Barnabas, Cousin (4 June 2014). "Dark Shadow Vs Netflix". Collinsport Historical Society. Archived from the original on 16 November 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
The Dark Shadows Companion: 25th Anniversary Collection, edited by Kathryn Leigh Scott, foreword by Jonathan Frid, Pomegranate Press, 1990. ISBN0-938817-25-6
Dark Shadows Almanac, edited by Kathryn Leigh Scott & Jim Pierson, Pomegranate Press, 1995. ISBN0-938817-18-3
Borzellieri, Frank. "The Physics of Dark Shadows". Cultural Studies Press, 2008. ISBN978-0-9815407-0-2
Clute, John and Grant, John. The Encyclopedia of Fantasy. St. Martin's Press, 1999. p 823. ISBN0-312-19869-8
Hamrick, Craig and Jamison, R. J. Barnabas & Company: The Cast of the TV Classic Dark Shadows. iUniverse, 2012. ISBN978-1-4759-1034-6
Jones, Stephen. The Essential Monster Movie Guide: A Century of Creature Features on Film, TV and Video. Watson-Guptill, 2000. p. 99. ISBN0-8230-7936-8
Krensky, Stephen. Vampires. Lerner Publications, 2007. p. 48. ISBN0-8225-5891-2
Mansour, David. From Abba to Zoom: A Pop Culture Encyclopedia of The Late 20th Century. Andrews McMeel Publishing, 2005. p. 109. ISBN0-7407-5118-2
McNally, Raymond T. and Florescu, Radu R. In Search of Dracula: The History of Dracula and Vampires. Houghton Mifflin Books, 1994. p. 270. ISBN0-395-65783-0
Mitchell, Charles P. The Complete H. P. Lovecraft Filmography. Greenwood Press, 2001. p 220. ISBN0-313-31641-4
Riccardo, Martin V. Vampires Unearthed: The Complete Multi-media Vampire and Dracula Bibliography. Garland Publishing, Incorporated, 1983. p. 19. ISBN0-8240-9128-0
Schemering, Christopher. The Soap Opera Encyclopedia. Ballantine Books, 1985. p. 61. ISBN0-345-32459-5
Senn, Bryan and Johnson, John. Fantastic Cinema Subject Guide: A Topical Index to 2500 Horror, Science Fiction, and Fantasy Films. McFarland & Co, 1992. p. 551. ISBN0-89950-681-X
South, Malcolm. Mythical and Fabulous Creatures: A Source Book and Research Guide. Greenwood Press, 1987. p. 260. ISBN0-313-24338-7
Sullivan, Jack. The Penguin Encyclopedia of Horror and the Supernatural. Viking, 1986. p. 422. ISBN0-670-80902-0
Terrance, Vincent. The Complete Encyclopedia of Television Programs, 1947–1979. A. S. Barnes & Company, 1979.
Worland, Rick. The Horror Film: An Introduction. Blackwell Publishing, 2006. p. 93. ISBN1-4051-3902-1
External links
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American gangster and businessman (1899–1947) This article is about the gangster. For other uses, see Al Capone (disambiguation). Capone redirects here. For other uses, see Capone (disambiguation). Al CaponeCapone in 1930BornAlphonse Gabriel Capone(1899-01-17)January 17, 1899New York City, U.S.DiedJanuary 25, 1947(1947-01-25) (aged 48)Palm Island, Florida, U.S.Resting placeMount Carmel Cemetery, Hillside, Illinois, U.S.Other namesScarfaceBig AlBig BoyPublic Enemy No. 1SnorkyOccupatio…
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Short story by Charlotte Perkins Gilman For the 2011 film, see The Yellow Wallpaper (film). The Yellow WallpaperShort story by Charlotte Perkins GilmanCover of a 1901 edition of The Yellow WallpaperText available at WikisourcePublicationPublication date1892 The Yellow Wallpaper (original title: The Yellow Wall-paper. A Story) is a short story by American writer Charlotte Perkins Gilman, first published in January 1892 in The New England Magazine.[1] It is regarded as an important early w…
Yemeni soldiers from the Yemeni Police. Crime is present in various forms in Yemen. Crimes against foreigners in Yemen There are many instances of crimes against foreigners in Yemen. This includes petty crime and violent crime, both of which usually happen in locations with many people.[1] One serious instance of violent crime against foreigners in Yemen would be the 2008 attack on the American Embassy in Yemen, in Sana'a, Yemen on September 17, 2008, which ultimately resulted in the los…
Japanese anime television series Gurren LagannKey visual, featuring (foreground, left to right) Kamina, Simon (with Boota on his shoulder), Yoko Littner, and (background) the titular mecha, Gurren Lagann天元突破グレンラガン(Tengen Toppa Guren Ragan)GenreAdventure[1]Comedy drama[1]Mecha[2]Created byGainax Anime television seriesDirected byHiroyuki ImaishiProduced byEiichi KamagataNorio YamakawaNaoki SasadaWritten byKazuki NakashimaMusic b…
Boundary around the ancient city of Rome For the musical group, see Pomerium (early music group). Map of Rome in the time of the Roman Republic. The pomerium at that time is marked in pink; the Capitoline and Aventine are extra pomerium, 'beyond the wall', with their boundaries in yellow. The pomerium or pomoerium was a religious boundary around the city of Rome and cities controlled by Rome. In legal terms, Rome existed only within its pomerium; everything beyond it was simply territory (ager) …
Peta menunjukan lokasi San Miguel San Miguel adalah munisipalitas yang terletak di provinsi Catanduanes, Filipina. Pada tahun 2007, munisipalitas ini memiliki populasi sebesar 12.966 jiwa atau 2.387 rumah tangga. Pembagian wilayah Secara politis San Miguel terbagi menjadi 24 barangay, yaitu: Barangay Penduduk(2007) Balatohan 480 Salvacion (Patagan) 252 Boton 411 Buhi 383 Dayawa 199 Atsan (District I) 403 Poblacion District II 543 Poblacion District III 1,012 J.M. Alberto 684 Katipunan 418 Kiliki…
ХристианствоБиблия Ветхий Завет Новый Завет Евангелие Десять заповедей Нагорная проповедь Апокрифы Бог, Троица Бог Отец Иисус Христос Святой Дух История христианства Апостолы Хронология христианства Раннее христианство Гностическое христианство Вселенские соборы Ни…
Irish meat and vegetable stew For other uses, see Irish stew (disambiguation). Irish stewA plate of Irish stewTypeStewCourseMainPlace of originIrelandServing temperatureHotMain ingredientsLamb, potatoes, carrots, onions, parsley Cookbook: Irish stew Media: Irish stew Irish stew (Irish: Stobhach Gaelach)[1] or Stobhach is a stew native to Ireland that is traditionally made with root vegetables and lamb or mutton, but also commonly with beef. As in all traditional folk dishes, th…
CONCACAF League 20182018 Scotiabank CONCACAF League Competizione CONCACAF League Sport Calcio Edizione 2ª Organizzatore CONCACAF Date dal 31 luglio 2018al 1 novembre 2017 Partecipanti 16 Formula Eliminazione diretta Sito web concacafleague.com Risultati Vincitore Herediano(1º titolo) Finalista Motagua Statistiche Miglior giocatore Yendrick Ruiz Miglior marcatore Edwin Aguilar Román Castillo Yendrick Ruiz (5) Miglior portiere Leonel Moreira Incontri disputati 30 Gol…
Uniform Act governing sales and transactions The official 2007 edition of the UCC The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), first published in 1952, is one of a number of uniform acts that have been established as law with the goal of harmonizing the laws of sales and other commercial transactions across the United States through UCC adoption by all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Territories of the United States. While largely successful at achieving this ambitious goal, some U.S. jurisdi…
U.K. Government executive agency Defence Science and Technology LaboratoryAgency overviewFormed2 July 2001Preceding agencyDefence Evaluation and Research AgencyJurisdictionUnited KingdomHeadquartersPorton Down, WiltshireEmployees5,500[citation needed]Agency executivePaul HollinsheadParent agencyMinistry of DefenceWebsitewww.dstl.gov.uk The Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl) is an executive agency of the Ministry of Defence of the United Kingdom. Its stated purpose is to max…
Subgenre of hip hop Music of Albania General topics Musicians Dances Songs Music of Kosovo Genres Folk music Iso-Polyphony Epic poetry (Kângë Kreshnikësh) Kângë majekrahi Vajtim/Gjâmë Popular music Serenade Urban Lyric Song Tallava Classical music Opera Contemporary music Rock Hip hop Media and performance Music festivals Gjirokastër Folklore Festival Festivali i Këngës Kënga Magjike Top Fest Eurovision Song Contest Music media Radio Tirana Supersonic BBF Nationalistic and patriotic s…