Eyelid dermatitis

Eyelid dermatitis is commonly related to atopic dermatitis or allergic contact dermatitis.^[1] Volatile substances, tosylamide, epoxy hardeners, insect sprays, and lemon peel oil may be implicated, with many cases of eyelid contact dermatitis being caused by substances transferred by the hands to the eyelids.^[1]

Signs and symptoms

Dermatitis on the eyelids causes inflammation of the thin, sensitive skin around the eyes. The eyelids become irritated, swollen, dry, and reddened. It can affect one or both of the eyes. If this condition continues, the eyelids can be thickened by lichenification. If it is caused by an irritant or allergen, symptoms typically occur within a few hours or days of contact with a trigger substance. Symptoms should decrease when the trigger substance is removed.^[2]

Types

There are two common forms of eyelid dermatitis. Allergic contact dermatitis develops because of an allergic reaction that causes inflammation of the skin, such as pollen in a person with hay fever. Some cosmetic products or metals, such as nickel, are common causes of allergic skin reactions. Irritant contact dermatitis is caused by the eyelid coming into direct contact with a substance that damages the outer layer of the skin, such as certain types of makeup, soaps, and detergents. Other forms of dermatitis on the eyelids include atopic dermatitis is a form of eczema that can affect the eyelids, and seborrheic dermatitis which is a common condition that causes the skin to become inflamed and flakey. Seborrheic dermatitis often occurs on the scalp but can also affect oily areas of skin, such as the eyelids.^[2]

Causes, risks, and complications

Allergens commonly causing allergic eyelid dermatitis consisted of fragrances, metals, neomycin, oleamidopropyl dimethylamine, tosylamide formaldehyde resin, benzalkonium chloride, and other preservatives.^[3] Irritants for eyelid contact dermatitis include soaps and detergents, acids and alkalis, chemicals such as chlorine, dust particles, hydrophobic substances, and cosmetics such as eyeliner, eye shadow, mascara and sunscreen. These substances may touch the eyelids directly or be transferred from the fingers. Common items that are irritants and allergens include certain makeup brands, sunscreens, perfumes, swimming goggles, eye drops, false eyelashes, contact lens solution, and airborne particles.^[4]^[5]^[6] Age (infants are more susceptible), genetics, and poor hygiene of the skin are risk factors for eyelid dermatitis. Other risk factors include professions that expose you to an allergen, medications (neomycin, beta blocker) or preservatives such as benzalkonium chloride, and other medical conditions such as asthma, hay fever, acne, psoriasis).^[7] Possible complications include skin infection, eye infection, and insomnia.

Prevention and treatment

Some ways to prevent eyelid dermatitis include avoiding scratching or rubbing the eyes, which may cause further inflammation and damage. Avoiding certain foods, moisturizers that contain triggers, wearing protective gear when necessary, moisturizing the area, using less makeup, and spending less time in the shower/using milder soaps and shampoos, are all effective ways to prevent a flare up of eyelid dermatitis.

The best way to stop eyelid dermatitis is to find the trigger and remove it. However, there are several other ways to reduce the symptoms of eyelid dermatitis. Moisturizing the area to prevent excess scratching or itching is beneficial. Corticosteroids can be directly applied to the eyelid as cream to reduce dryness and inflammation. Another option is calcineurin inhibitors, which can be applied as a cream or orally. However, this should be lightly used because it may suppress immune function.^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b James WD, Berger T, Elston D (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (10th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6.
^ ^a ^b Kandola A (19 January 2020). "Eyelid dermatitis: Treatment, symptoms, and causes". Medical News Today.
^ Amin KA, Belsito DV (November 2006). "The aetiology of eyelid dermatitis: a 10-year retrospective analysis". Contact Dermatitis. 55 (5): 280–285. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2006.00927.x. PMID 17026693. S2CID 13581473.
^ Ryder E (May 2014). Oakley A, Morrison C (eds.). "Eyelid contact dermatitis". DermNet NZ.
^ Rietschel RL, Warshaw EM, Sasseville D, Fowler JF, DeLeo VA, Belsito DV, et al. (June 2007). "Common contact allergens associated with eyelid dermatitis: data from the North American Contact Dermatitis Group 2003-2004 study period". Dermatitis. 18 (2): 78–81. doi:10.2310/6620.2007.06041. PMID 17498412. S2CID 24838100.
^ "Contact dermatitis - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic.
^ Arkadiy Yadgarov, MD; Reena A. Garg, MD (2016). "Preservative-Free Alternatives". Glaucoma Today. No. November/December. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
^ Coloe J, Zirwas MJ (January 2008). "Allergens in corticosteroid vehicles". Dermatitis. 19 (1): 38–42. doi:10.2310/6620.2008.07054. PMID 18346395. S2CID 35053435.