Gary Schwartz

Gary E. Schwartz
Gary E. Schwartz
Born	June 14, 1944; Mineola, New York
Occupation	Parapsychologist

Gary E. Schwartz is an American psychologist, author, parapsychologist^[1]^[2] and professor at the University of Arizona and the director of its Laboratory for Advances in Consciousness and Health.^[3] Schwartz researches the veracity of mediums and energy healing.^[4]^[5] His mediumship experiments have been described as flawed by critics who have argued that they failed to use adequate precautions against fraud and sensory leakage, relied on non-standardized, untested dependent variables and unaccounted for researcher degrees of freedom.^[1]^[2]^[6]

Biography

Schwartz was born on June 14, 1944 in Mineola, New York.^[7]

Schwartz received his PhD from Harvard University and was a professor of psychiatry and psychology at Yale University as well as Director of the Yale Psychophysiology Center and co-director of the Yale Behavioral Medicine Clinic from 1976 to 1988. Currently, he is Professor of Psychology, Medicine, Neurology, Psychiatry, and Surgery and the Director of the Laboratory for Advances in Consciousness and Health in the Department of Psychology at the University of Arizona.^[8]^[9]

Schwartz says that his initial interest in psychic ability stemmed from a car accident he had with his then wife while driving on the FDR highway in Manhattan. The car was reportedly stopped on the roadway when he "heard a voice" tell him to "put his seat belt on." He told his wife to do so, and moments later, said they were rear ended by a car going 50 MPH. He claims that having his life saved by a mysterious voice prompted him to begin his research into where that voice might have come from.^[10]

In his early career, Schwartz wrote on biofeedback research and health psychology. Schwartz's more recent research has been in parapsychology and consciousness-based healthcare. His VERITAS research project, which concluded in 2008, was created primarily to test the hypothesis that the consciousness (or identity) of a person survives physical death.^{[non-primary source needed]}^[11] Schwartz performed experiments at the University of Arizona testing mediums such as John Edward, of the TV show Crossing Over, and Allison DuBois, who inspired the TV series Medium. Schwartz believes that DuBois could contact dead people. Schwartz says his experiments with DuBois included a reading for proponent of alternative medicine Deepak Chopra following the death of his father that Chopra characterized as 77% accurate.^[12]

Gary Schwartz is viewed as a leader of counter-Establishment using his academic career to enable “the happy fantasies of pseudoscience and the paranormal.”^[8]^: 309-310 Among his hundreds of academic papers is a 3-part series entitled “God, Synchronicity, and Postmaterialist Psychology”^[13]^[14]^[15] published in the journal Spirituality in Clinical Practice by the American Psychological Association, where Schwartz describes eleven coincidences that he found so “increasingly improbable,” he figured God must have been signaling him that souls of dead people collaborate with the divine to orchestrate personally meaningful synchronicities.^[8]^: 310

Controversies

On Fox News on the Geraldo at Large show, October 6, 2007, Geraldo Rivera alleged Schwartz had overstepped his position as a university researcher by requesting money from a bereaved father to fund research into mediumship.^[16]

Schwartz's methods have prompted criticism from skeptics such as University of Oregon professor Ray Hyman, who says Professor Schwartz's research deviates from the accepted norms of scientific methodology, and criticizes Schwartz for research errors such as inappropriate statistical tests and using subjects predisposed to believe in psychic abilities.^[1] Skeptic Robert Todd Carroll maintains that Schwartz's evaluation of mediums is subjective and a product of "wishful thinking."^[2]^[12] When retired stage magician and skeptic James Randi asked the University of Arizona to submit Schwartz's research data to an independent panel for evaluation, Schwartz declined because he thought that the panel, which he believed would be picked by Randi, would be biased.^{[non-primary source needed]}^[17]

Christian Battista, Nicolas Gauvrit and Etienne LeBel have suggested that Schwartz's data from mediumship experiments is unreliable as there are serious methodological flaws including biased sample sizes and unaccounted for researcher degrees of freedom.^[6]

Books

Gary E. Schwartz and John Edward (Foreword), "The Sacred Promise: How Science Is Discovering Spirit's Collaboration with Us in Our Daily Lives," (Atria Books/Beyond Words) (January 11, 2011) ISBN 978-1582702582
Gary E. Schwartz, William L. Simon and Richard Carmona, "The Energy Healing Experiments: Science Reveals Our Natural Power to Heal," Atria Books (August 7, 2007) ISBN 978-0743292375
Gary E. Schwartz and William L. Simon, "The G.O.D. Experiments: How Science Is Discovering God In Everything, Including Us," Atria (April 4, 2006) ISBN 978-0743477406
Gary E. Schwartz and William L. Simon, "The Truth About Medium: Extraordinary Experiments with the real Allison DuBois of NBC's Medium and other Remarkable Psychics," Hampton Roads Publishing Company (October 2005) ISBN 1-57174-459-2
Gary E. Schwartz, William L. Simon, and Deepak Chopra (Foreword). The Afterlife Experiments (Mar 1, 2002) ISBN 0-7434-3658-X
Gary E. Schwartz, Ph.D. and Linda G. S. Russek, "Living Energy Universe: A Fundamental Discovery that Transforms Science and Medicine," Hampton Roads Publishing Company (1999)
Paul M. Lehrer (Editor), Robert L. Woolfolk (Editor), Gary E. Schwartz "Principles and Practice of Stress Management," (The Guilford Press; 2 Sub edition, January 29, 1993) ISBN 0-89862-766-4
Richard J. Davidson (Editor), Gary E. Schwartz (Editor), David Shapiro, "Consciousness and Self-Regulation, Advances in Research and Theory Volumes 1 through 4," Plenum Press (April 30, 1986) ISBN 0-306-42048-1

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Hyman, Ray (May 2003). "How Not to Test Mediums: Critiquing the Afterlife Experiments". Skeptical Inquirer. pp. 20–30. Retrieved 2023-03-12.
^ ^a ^b ^c Carroll, Robert Todd (2007). "Gary Schwartz's Subjective Evaluation of Mediums: Veritas or Wishful Thinking?". Skeptic’s Dictionary. Retrieved 2008-01-24.
^ "Laboratory for Advances in Consciousness and Health: Lab Members". Department of Psychology. Archived from the original on November 18, 2017. Retrieved May 11, 2015.^{[non-primary source needed]}
^ Dotinga, Randy. "Academia Embraces Spooky Studies". 10.11.05. Wired. Retrieved 26 July 2012.
^ Harriet A. Hall (March 2008). "Gary Schwartz's Energy Healing Experiments: The Emperor's New Clothes?" (PDF). Skeptical Inquirer. 32 (2). Committee for Skeptical Inquiry: 48–51. ISSN 0194-6730. Wikidata Q117083351.
^ ^a ^b Battista, Christian; Gauvrit, Nicolas; LeBel, Etienne. (2015). Madness in the Method: Fatal Flaws in Recent Mediumship Experiments. In Keith Augustine & Michael Martin. The Myth of an Afterlife: The Case against Life After Death. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 615-630
^ "Early Career Awards for 1978: Gary E. Schwartz". American Psychologist. 34 (1): 74–79. 1979. doi:10.1037/h0078249.
^ ^a ^b ^c Andersen, Kurt (2017). "How the Mainstream Enabled Fantasyland: Squishies, Cynics, and Believers". Fantasyland: How America Went Haywire: A 500-Year History. ISBN 978-1400067213.
^ "Lab Members | Laboratory for Advances in Consciousness and Health". www.lach.arizona.edu. Retrieved 2021-11-06.
^ Martini, Richard (2014). It's a Wonderful Afterlife: Further Adventures in the Afterlife volume two. Homina Publishing, p. 58. ISBN 0970449976
^ "The VERITAS Research Program | Laboratory for Advances in Consciousness and Health". Lach.web.arizona.edu. Archived from the original on 2011-03-26. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
^ ^a ^b McClain, Carla (January 17, 2005). "Varied readings on Arizona psychic". Arizona Daily Star. Archived from the original on 16 May 2007. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
^ Schwartz, Gary E. (2014). "God, synchronicity, and postmaterialist psychology: Proof-of-concept real-life evidence". Spirituality in Clinical Practice. 1 (2): 153–162. doi:10.1037/scp0000017.
^ Schwartz, Gary E. (2015). "God, synchronicity, and postmaterialist psychology II: Replication and extension of real-life evidence". Spirituality in Clinical Practice. 2 (1): 86–95. doi:10.1037/scp0000038.
^ Schwartz, Gary E. (2015). "God, synchronicity, and postmaterialist psychology III: Additional real-life evidence and the higher power healing hypothesis". Spirituality in Clinical Practice. 2 (4): 289–302. doi:10.1037/scp0000079.
^ Aykroyd, Peter. and Nart, Angela. (2009). A History of Ghosts: the True Story of Seances, Mediums, Ghosts, and Ghostbusters. Rodale, p. 216
^ Schwartz, Gary E. (2005). The Truth about Medium. Hampton Roads Publishing, p. 106. ISBN 1-57174-459-2

External links

Official website
The SOPHIA Research Program University of Arizona. Archived at Wayback Engine. The SOPHIA Project was conducted under the direction of Gary E. Schwartz, PhD in the Laboratory for Advances in Consciousness and Health.
"How Not to Test Mediums: Critiquing the Afterlife Experiments", a critique by Ray Hyman of Gary Schwartz' research from The Skeptical Inquirer, Volume 27.1, January / February 2003, Retrieved 6 June 2013
"Follow Up: How Not to Review Mediumship Research", Gary Schwartz' response to the above critique from The Skeptical Inquirer (May 2003)
"Follow Up Reply: Hyman's Reply to Schwartz's 'How Not to Review Mediumship Research'", Ray Hyman's response to the above critique of his critique from The Skeptical Inquirer (May 2003)
Gary Schwartz's Subjective Evaluation of Mediums: Veritas or Wishful Thinking? by Robert Todd Carroll (April 2006)
Gary Schwartz and Intelligent Design by Robert Todd Carroll (May 2006)

[:0-1] Hyman, Ray (May 2003). "How Not to Test Mediums: Critiquing the Afterlife Experiments". Skeptical Inquirer. pp. 20–30. Retrieved 2023-03-12.

[:1-2] Carroll, Robert Todd (2007). "Gary Schwartz's Subjective Evaluation of Mediums: Veritas or Wishful Thinking?". Skeptic’s Dictionary. Retrieved 2008-01-24.

[3] "Laboratory for Advances in Consciousness and Health: Lab Members". Department of Psychology. Archived from the original on November 18, 2017. Retrieved May 11, 2015.^{[non-primary source needed]}

[Wired-4] Dotinga, Randy. "Academia Embraces Spooky Studies". 10.11.05. Wired. Retrieved 26 July 2012.

[5] Harriet A. Hall (March 2008). "Gary Schwartz's Energy Healing Experiments: The Emperor's New Clothes?" (PDF). Skeptical Inquirer. 32 (2). Committee for Skeptical Inquiry: 48–51. ISSN 0194-6730. Wikidata Q117083351.

[Battista_2015-6] Battista, Christian; Gauvrit, Nicolas; LeBel, Etienne. (2015). Madness in the Method: Fatal Flaws in Recent Mediumship Experiments. In Keith Augustine & Michael Martin. The Myth of an Afterlife: The Case against Life After Death. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 615-630

[7] "Early Career Awards for 1978: Gary E. Schwartz". American Psychologist. 34 (1): 74–79. 1979. doi:10.1037/h0078249.

[Andersen-2017-8] Andersen, Kurt (2017). "How the Mainstream Enabled Fantasyland: Squishies, Cynics, and Believers". Fantasyland: How America Went Haywire: A 500-Year History. ISBN 978-1400067213.

[lach.web.arizona.edu-9] "Lab Members | Laboratory for Advances in Consciousness and Health". www.lach.arizona.edu. Retrieved 2021-11-06.

[10] Martini, Richard (2014). It's a Wonderful Afterlife: Further Adventures in the Afterlife volume two. Homina Publishing, p. 58. ISBN 0970449976

[11] "The VERITAS Research Program | Laboratory for Advances in Consciousness and Health". Lach.web.arizona.edu. Archived from the original on 2011-03-26. Retrieved 2013-01-17.

[ArizonaStar-12] McClain, Carla (January 17, 2005). "Varied readings on Arizona psychic". Arizona Daily Star. Archived from the original on 16 May 2007. Retrieved 10 December 2009.

[Schwartz-2014-13] Schwartz, Gary E. (2014). "God, synchronicity, and postmaterialist psychology: Proof-of-concept real-life evidence". Spirituality in Clinical Practice. 1 (2): 153–162. doi:10.1037/scp0000017.

[Schwartz-2015a-14] Schwartz, Gary E. (2015). "God, synchronicity, and postmaterialist psychology II: Replication and extension of real-life evidence". Spirituality in Clinical Practice. 2 (1): 86–95. doi:10.1037/scp0000038.

[Schwartz-2015b-15] Schwartz, Gary E. (2015). "God, synchronicity, and postmaterialist psychology III: Additional real-life evidence and the higher power healing hypothesis". Spirituality in Clinical Practice. 2 (4): 289–302. doi:10.1037/scp0000079.

[16] Aykroyd, Peter. and Nart, Angela. (2009). A History of Ghosts: the True Story of Seances, Mediums, Ghosts, and Ghostbusters. Rodale, p. 216

[17] Schwartz, Gary E. (2005). The Truth about Medium. Hampton Roads Publishing, p. 106. ISBN 1-57174-459-2

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Gary Schwartz

Biography

Controversies

Books

References

External links

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