Laughlin was born in Bay City, Texas, and was raised in West Columbia, Texas, where he still maintains a residence, and he graduated from Texas A&M University. Laughlin served in the United States Army from 1968 to 1970 and later was a reservist. Before the election to Congress in 1988, he practiced law in Texas. He served as assistant district attorney in Houston for four years before returning to private practice.
In 1995, the Republican Party, which had gained a majority in the House for the first time in four decades, offered Laughlin a seat on the Ways and Means Committee if he joined the GOP. Laughlin did so on June 26, 1995. He claimed that, as a Democrat, he had to make some hard votes.
In the subsequent congressional election in 1996, Laughlin was endorsed by many Republican Party leaders, including then-Governor George W. Bush, Speaker of the HouseNewt Gingrich, and other members of the party from outside the district and the state. Despite this, Laughlin faced a primary challenge from former Texas Republican Congressman Ron Paul, the Libertarian Party presidential candidate in 1988, and Jim Deats, Laughlin's Republican opponent from 1994 (when Laughlin was still a Democrat). In the three-way race, Laughlin won the initial primary election with 42 percent of the vote, but by failing to win a majority he was required to face the second-place Paul in a run-off election. Paul defeated Laughlin by a 56–44 percent margin in the runoff election and went on to win the congressional seat. Paul, who unsuccessfully sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2012, held the seat until he retired in 2013.
After Congress
Laughlin remained in Washington, D.C., practicing law at the office of Patton Boggs, in the areas of public policy, energy, international trade, and tax law. He has since moved to the firm of Pillsbury, Winthrop, Shaw, Pittman. Laughlin was contracted to work with the controversial Israeli spyware firm NSO Group, according to documents filed with the FARA Registration Unit of the Department of Justice.[3] The firm's software was implicated in the murder of Washington Post columnist Jamal Khashoggi.[4] The software was also deployed on world leaders, journalists, dissidents and human rights activists.[5]