Interleukin 10 (IL-10), also known as human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF), is an anti-inflammatorycytokine. In humans, interleukin 10 is encoded by the IL10 gene.[5] IL-10 signals through a receptor complex consisting of two IL-10 receptor-1 and two IL-10 receptor-2 proteins.[6] Consequently, the functional receptor consists of four IL-10 receptor molecules. IL-10 binding induces STAT3 signalling via the phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic tails of IL-10 receptor 1 + IL-10 receptor 2 by JAK1 and Tyk2 respectively.[6]
In humans, IL-10 is encoded by the IL10 gene, which is located on chromosome 1 and comprises five exons,[5] and is primarily produced by monocytes and, to a lesser extent, lymphocytes, namely type-II T helper cells (TH2), mast cells, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+regulatory T cells, and in a certain subset of activated T cells and B cells. IL-10 can be produced by monocytes upon PD-1 triggering in these cells.[10] IL-10 upregulation is also mediated by GPCRs, such as beta-2 adrenergic[11] and type 2 cannabinoid[12] receptors. The expression of IL-10 is minimal in unstimulated tissues and seems to require triggering by commensal or pathogenic flora.[13] IL-10 expression is tightly regulated at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. Extensive IL-10 locus remodeling is observed in monocytes upon stimulation of TLR or Fc receptor pathways.[14] IL-10 induction involves ERK1/2, p38 and NF-κB signalling and transcriptional activation via promoter binding of the transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1.[14] IL-10 may autoregulate its expression via a negative feed-back loop involving autocrine stimulation of the IL-10 receptor and inhibition of the p38 signaling pathway.[15] Additionally, IL-10 expression is extensively regulated at the post-transcriptional level, which may involve control of mRNA stability via AU-rich elements[16] and by microRNAs such as let-7[17] or miR-106.[18]
Function
IL-10 is a cytokine with multiple, pleiotropic, effects in immunoregulation and inflammation. It downregulates the expression of Th1 cytokines, MHC class II antigens, and co-stimulatory molecules on macrophages. It also enhances B cell survival, proliferation, and antibody production. IL-10 can block NF-κB activity, and is involved in the regulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway.
Discovered in 1991,[19] IL-10 was initially reported to suppress cytokine secretion, antigen presentation and CD4+ T cell activation.[20][21][22][23] Further investigation has shown that IL-10 predominantly inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bacterial product mediated induction of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα,[24] IL-1β,[24] IL-12,[25] and IFNγ[26] secretion from Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) triggered myeloid lineage cells.
Effect on tumors
Over time a more nuanced picture of IL-10's function has emerged as treatment of tumor bearing mice has been shown to inhibit tumor metastasis.[27] Additional investigation by multiple laboratories has generated data that further supports IL-10's immunostimulatory capacity in an immunoncology context. Expression of IL-10 from transfected tumor cell lines[28][29] in IL-10 transgenic mice[30] or dosing with IL-10 leads to control of primary tumor growth and decreased metastatic burden.[31][32] More recently, PEGylated recombinant murine IL-10 (PEG-rMuIL-10) has been shown to induce IFNγ and CD8+ T cell dependent anti-tumor immunity.[33][34] More specifically, PEGylated recombinant human IL-10 (PEG-rHuIL-10) has been shown to enhance CD8+ T cell secretion of the cytotoxic molecules Granzyme B and Perforin and potentiate T cell receptor dependent IFNγ secretion.[35]
Role in disease
A study in mice has shown that IL-10 is also produced by mast cells, counteracting the inflammatory effect that these cells have at the site of an allergic reaction.[36]
IL-10 is capable of inhibiting synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-3, TNFα and GM-CSF made by cells such as macrophages and Th1 T cells. It also displays a potent ability to suppress the antigen-presentation capacity of antigen presenting cells; however, it is also stimulatory towards certain T cells (Th2) and mast cells and stimulates B cell maturation and antibody production.
IL-10 checks the inducible form of Cyclo-oxygenase, Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2). Lack of IL-10 has been shown to cause COX activation and resultant Thromboxane receptor activation to cause vascular endothelial and cardiac dysfunctions in mice. Interleukin 10 knockout frail mice develop cardiac and vascular dysfunction with increased age.[37]
IL-10 is linked to the myokines, as exercise provokes an increase in circulating levels of IL-1ra, IL-10, and sTNF-R, suggesting that physical exercise fosters an environment of anti-inflammatory cytokines.[38][39]
Lower levels of IL-10 have been observed in individuals diagnosed with multiple sclerosis when compared to healthy individuals.[40] Due to a decrease in IL-10 levels, TNFα levels are not regulated effectively as IL-10 regulates the TNF-α-converting enzyme.[41] As a result, TNFα levels rise and result in inflammation.[42] TNFα itself induces demyelination of the oligodendroglial via TNF receptor 1, while chronic inflammation has been linked to demyelination of neurons.[42]
In melanoma cell lines, IL-10 modulates the surface expression of NKG2D ligands.[43]
In addition, Forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) as a transcription factor is an essential molecular marker of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Foxp3 polymorphism (rs3761548) might be involved in cancer progression like gastric cancer through influencing Tregs function and the secretion of immunomodulatory cytokines such as IL-10, IL-35, and TGF-β.[44]
A recent mouse study indicates that IL-10 regulates CD36, a key phagocytosis effector, promoting hematoma clearance after intracerebral hemorrhage.[45] IL-10 deficiency aggravates traumatic brain injury in male but not female mice.[46]
Clinical use or trials
Knockout studies in mice suggested the function of this cytokine as an essential immunoregulator in the intestinal tract.[47] and, indeed, patients with Crohn's disease react favorably towards treatment with recombinant interleukin-10-producing bacteria, demonstrating the importance of IL-10 for counteracting the hyperactive immune response in the human body.[48]
Due to the data, thousands of patients with a variety of autoimmune diseases were treated with recombinant human IL-10 (rHuIL-10) in clinical trials. Contrary to expectations, rHuIL-10 treatment did not significantly impact disease in patients with Crohn's disease[49][50][51] or rheumatoid arthritis.[52] rHuIL-10 treatment initially exhibited promising clinical data in psoriasis,[53] but failed to achieve clinical significance in a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled Phase II trial.[54] Further investigation of rHuIL-10's effects in humans suggests that rather than inhibiting inflammation, rHuIL-10 is capable of exerting pro-inflammatory effects.[55][56]
PEGylated forms
Further to these data, a Phase I immunoncology clinical trial is currently being conducted to assess the therapeutic capacity of PEGylated recombinant human IL-10 (PEG-rHuIL-10, AM0010).[57] Consistent with preclinical immunoncology data, investigators report substantial anti-tumor efficacy.[57] Contrary to the reported immunosuppressive effects of IL-10 generated in vitro and in vivo,[21][22][23][24][25] treatment of cancer patients with PEG-rHuIL-10 elicits a dose titratable induction of the immune stimulatory cytokines IFNγ, IL-18, IL-7, GM-CSF and IL-4.[57] Furthermore, treated patients exhibit fold increases of peripheral CD8+ T cells expressing markers of activation, such as programmed death 1 (PD1)+, lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3)+ and increased Fas Ligand (FasL) and a decrease in serum TGFβ.[57] These findings are consistent with the published preclinical immunoncology reports using PEG-rMuIL-10[33][34] and with previous findings treating humans with rHuIL-10.[55][56] These data suggest that while IL-10 can exert immunosuppressive effects in context of bacterial product stimulated myeloid cells, rHuIL-10/PEG-rHuIL-10 treatment of humans is predominantly immunostimulatory. As of 2018[update] AM0010 (aka pegilodecakin) is in phase 3 clinical trials.[58]
The receptor complex for IL-10 also requires the IL10R2 chain to initiate signalling. This ligand–receptor combination is found in birds and frogs, and is also likely to exist in bony fish.[citation needed]
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ abEskdale J, Kube D, Tesch H, Gallagher G (1997). "Mapping of the human IL10 gene and further characterization of the 5' flanking sequence". Immunogenetics. 46 (2): 120–8. doi:10.1007/s002510050250. PMID9162098. S2CID30126106.
^Pestka S, Krause CD, Sarkar D, Walter MR, Shi Y, Fisher PB (2004). "Interleukin-10 and related cytokines and receptors". Annual Review of Immunology. 22 (1): 929–79. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104622. PMID15032600.
^Moore KW, de Waal Malefyt R, Coffman RL, O'Garra A (2001-01-01). "Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor". Annual Review of Immunology. 19 (1): 683–765. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.19.1.683. PMID11244051.
^ abcOpp MR, Smith EM, Hughes TK (July 1995). "Interleukin-10 (cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor) acts in the central nervous system of rats to reduce sleep". Journal of Neuroimmunology. 60 (1–2): 165–8. doi:10.1016/0165-5728(95)00066-b. PMID7642744. S2CID3786577.
^Sun H, Gutierrez P, Jackson MJ, Kundu N, Fulton AM (2000-04-01). "Essential role of nitric oxide and interferon-gamma for tumor immunotherapy with interleukin-10". Journal of Immunotherapy. 23 (2): 208–14. doi:10.1097/00002371-200003000-00005. PMID10746547. S2CID39224241.
^ abMumm JB, Emmerich J, Zhang X, Chan I, Wu L, Mauze S, Blaisdell S, Basham B, Dai J, Grein J, Sheppard C, Hong K, Cutler C, Turner S, LaFace D, Kleinschek M, Judo M, Ayanoglu G, Langowski J, Gu D, Paporello B, Murphy E, Sriram V, Naravula S, Desai B, Medicherla S, Seghezzi W, McClanahan T, Cannon-Carlson S, Beebe AM, Oft M (December 2011). "IL-10 elicits IFNγ-dependent tumor immune surveillance". Cancer Cell. 20 (6): 781–96. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2011.11.003. PMID22172723.
^Chan IH, Wu V, Bilardello M, Mar E, Oft M, Van Vlasselaer P, Mumm JB (December 2015). "The Potentiation of IFN-γ and Induction of Cytotoxic Proteins by Pegylated IL-10 in Human CD8 T Cells". Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research. 35 (12): 948–55. doi:10.1089/jir.2014.0221. PMID26309093.
^Grimbaldeston MA, Nakae S, Kalesnikoff J, Tsai M, Galli SJ (October 2007). "Mast cell-derived interleukin 10 limits skin pathology in contact dermatitis and chronic irradiation with ultraviolet B". Nature Immunology. 8 (10): 1095–104. doi:10.1038/ni1503. PMID17767162. S2CID10972672.
^Ostrowski K, Schjerling P, Pedersen BK (December 2000). "Physical activity and plasma interleukin-6 in humans--effect of intensity of exercise". European Journal of Applied Physiology. 83 (6): 512–5. doi:10.1007/s004210000312. PMID11192058. S2CID44759539.
^Gu Y, Dong Y, Wan J, Ren H, Koehler RC, Wang J (September 2022). "Interleukin-10 deficiency aggravates traumatic brain injury in male but not female mice". Exp Neurol. 355: 114125. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114125. PMID35644427. S2CID249070122.
^Braat H, Rottiers P, Hommes DW, Huyghebaert N, Remaut E, Remon JP, van Deventer SJ, Neirynck S, Peppelenbosch MP, Steidler L (June 2006). "A phase I trial with transgenic bacteria expressing interleukin-10 in Crohn's disease". Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 4 (6): 754–9. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2006.03.028. PMID16716759.
^Fedorak RN, Gangl A, Elson CO, Rutgeerts P, Schreiber S, Wild G, Hanauer SB, Kilian A, Cohard M, LeBeaut A, Feagan B (December 2000). "Recombinant human interleukin 10 in the treatment of patients with mild to moderately active Crohn's disease. The Interleukin 10 Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cooperative Study Group". Gastroenterology. 119 (6): 1473–82. doi:10.1053/gast.2000.20229. PMID11113068.
^van Roon J, Wijngaarden S, Lafeber FP, Damen C, van de Winkel J, Bijlsma JW (April 2003). "Interleukin 10 treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis enhances Fc gamma receptor expression on monocytes and responsiveness to immune complex stimulation". The Journal of Rheumatology. 30 (4): 648–51. PMID12672180.
^Asadullah K, Döcke WD, Ebeling M, Friedrich M, Belbe G, Audring H, Volk HD, Sterry W (February 1999). "Interleukin 10 treatment of psoriasis: clinical results of a phase 2 trial". Archives of Dermatology. 135 (2): 187–92. doi:10.1001/archderm.135.2.187. PMID10052405.
^Josephson K, McPherson DT, Walter MR (December 2001). "Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction of a complex between IL-10 and soluble IL-10R1". Acta Crystallographica Section D. 57 (Pt 12): 1908–11. Bibcode:2001AcCrD..57.1908J. doi:10.1107/S0907444901016249. PMID11717514.
Zhu H, Wang Z, Yu J, Yang X, He F, Liu Z, Che F, Chen X, Ren H, Hong M, Wang J (March 2019). "Role and mechanisms of cytokines in the secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage". Prog. Neurobiol. 178: 101610. doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.03.003. PMID30923023. S2CID85495400.
Moore KW, de Waal Malefyt R, Coffman RL, O'Garra A (2001). "Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor". Annual Review of Immunology. 19 (1): 683–765. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.19.1.683. PMID11244051.
Beebe AM, Cua DJ, de Waal Malefyt R (2003). "The role of interleukin-10 in autoimmune disease: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple sclerosis (MS)". Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews. 13 (4–5): 403–12. doi:10.1016/S1359-6101(02)00025-4. PMID12220553.
Mocellin S, Panelli MC, Wang E, Nagorsen D, Marincola FM (January 2003). "The dual role of IL-10". Trends in Immunology. 24 (1): 36–43. doi:10.1016/S1471-4906(02)00009-1. PMID12495723.
Roncarolo MG, Battaglia M, Gregori S (June 2003). "The role of interleukin 10 in the control of autoimmunity". Journal of Autoimmunity. 20 (4): 269–72. doi:10.1016/S0896-8411(03)00047-7. PMID12791310.
Llorente L, Richaud-Patin Y (June 2003). "The role of interleukin-10 in systemic lupus erythematosus". Journal of Autoimmunity. 20 (4): 287–9. doi:10.1016/S0896-8411(03)00043-X. PMID12791314.
Asadullah K, Sabat R, Friedrich M, Volk HD, Sterry W (June 2004). "Interleukin-10: an important immunoregulatory cytokine with major impact on psoriasis". Current Drug Targets. Inflammation and Allergy. 3 (2): 185–92. doi:10.2174/1568010043343886. PMID15180472.
Copeland KF (December 2005). "Modulation of HIV-1 transcription by cytokines and chemokines". Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry. 5 (12): 1093–101. doi:10.2174/138955705774933383. PMID16375755.
Duta Besar Oman untuk IndonesiaPetahanaMohamad Ahmed Salim Al-Shanfarisejak 2023 Berikut adalah daftar duta besar Kesultanan Oman untuk Republik Indonesia. Nama Mulai tugas Kredensial Selesai tugas Ref. Salim Bin Muhammad Al Khussaiby 21 Februari 1987 [1] Ali Bin Abdullah Bin Ali Al-Musafer 17 September 1988 [1] Salim bin Mohammed bin Salim Al Wahaibi 12 Oktober 1995 [1] Aflah bin Suleiman Al-Taei 19 Juni 2009 [2][cat. 1] Sayyid Nazar bin Al-Julandi b…
Penjaga Dua Kota Suci Fahd dari Arab SaudiNama dalam bahasa asli(ar) فهد بن عبد العزيز آل سعود BiografiKelahiran1921 Riyadh Kematian1r Agustus 2005 (83/84 tahun)Riyadh Penyebab kematianRadang paru-paru Tempat pemakamanPemakaman Al Oud Riyadh Raja Arab Saudi 13 Juni 1982 – 1r Agustus 2005 ← Khalid dari Arab Saudi – Abdullah dari Arab Saudi → Perdana Menteri Arab Saudi 13 Juni 1982 – 1r Agustus 2005 &…
Carnival Corporation & plcCarnival Place, Kantor pusat Carnival Cruise Line di Doral, FloridaJenisPublikKode emiten NYSE: CCL NYSE: CUK LSE: CCL Komponen S&P 500 (NYSE: CCL) Komponen FTSE 250 (LSE: CCL) ISINPA1436583006/GB0031215220IndustriPenyantunan, pariwisataPendahuluCarnival Cruise Line[1]P&O Princess Cruises[2]Didirikan1972; 52 tahun lalu (1972)[3] (sebagai Carnival Cruise Line, yang kini menjadi anak usaha)1993; 31 tahun lalu (1993) (sebagai C…
Star Trek: First ContactPosterSutradaraJonathan FrakesProduserRick Berman Marty Hornstein Peter LauritsonDitulis olehRick BermanSkenarioBrannon Braga Ronald D. MooreCeritaRick Berman Brannon BragaRonald D. MoorePemeranLihat di bawahPenata musikJerry Goldsmith Joel GoldsmithSinematograferMatthew F. LeonettiPenyuntingAnastasia Emmons John W. WheelerDistributorParamount PicturesTanggal rilis22 November 1996Durasi111 menitNegara Amerika SerikatBahasaInggrisAnggaran45.000.000 Dolar ASPreku…
Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang ekonom Austria, yang bukan mengenai adiknya, statistikawan Richard von Mises. Artikel ini bukan mengenai Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Ludwig von MisesLahirLudwig Heinrich Edler von Mises(1881-09-29)29 September 1881Lemberg, Galisia, Austria-Hungaria (sekarang Lviv, Ukraina)Meninggal10 Oktober 1973(1973-10-10) (umur 92)New York City, New York, A.S.InstitusiUniversitas Vienna (1919–1934)Institut Universitaire des Hautes Études Internationales, Jenewa, Swiss …
العلاقات البالاوية النيجيرية بالاو نيجيريا بالاو نيجيريا تعديل مصدري - تعديل العلاقات البالاوية النيجيرية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين بالاو ونيجيريا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المقارنة ب…
Sahrul Gunawan Wakil Bupati Bandung ke-5PetahanaMulai menjabat 26 April 2021GubernurRidwan Kamil Bey Machmudin (Pj.)BupatiDadang Supriatna PendahuluGun Gun GunawanPenggantiPetahana Informasi pribadiLahir23 Mei 1976 (umur 47)Bogor, Jawa Barat, IndonesiaPartai politikPartai Nasional Demokrat (–2022)Partai Golongan Karya (2022–sekarang)Suami/istriIndriani Hadi (m. 2007; c. 2016) Dine Mutiara Aziz (m. 2023)&…
English News ServiceNama alternatifTVRI News (1990-an)GenreBeritaNegara asalIndonesiaBahasa asliBahasa InggrisProduksiPengaturan kameraMultikameraDurasi30 menitRumah produksiLPP Televisi Republik IndonesiaRilis asliJaringanTVRI (1998-2000; 2003-2021)TVRI Programa 2 Jakarta (-2002)Rilis01 Januari 1983 (1983-01-01) –30 Juni 2021[butuh rujukan]Acara terkaitKlik IndonesiaDunia dalam Berita English News Service (disingkat ENS, Layanan Berita Bahasa Inggris) adalah acara berita ber…
Impero di Monomotapa Dati amministrativiNome ufficialeMwene un Mutapa Lingue parlateShona, ikalanga CapitaleZvongombe PoliticaForma di governoMonarchia Nascita1430 Fine1759 Territorio e popolazioneTerritorio originaleAfrica sud-orientale Mappa dell'Aethiopia Inferior vel Exterior disegnata da Willem Janszoon Blaeu (1571-1638) nel 1635 dove è disegnata la regione di Monomotapa Evoluzione storicaPreceduto daRegno di Zimbabwe Succeduto daImpero Rozwi Ora parte di Zimbabwe Mozambico Swaziland S…
Artikel ini membutuhkan rujukan tambahan agar kualitasnya dapat dipastikan. Mohon bantu kami mengembangkan artikel ini dengan cara menambahkan rujukan ke sumber tepercaya. Pernyataan tak bersumber bisa saja dipertentangkan dan dihapus.Cari sumber: Kepunahan – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Harimau Tasmania (Thylacinus cynocephalus) adalah salah satu spesies yang telah punah. Status konservasimenurut Kategori Daftar Merah IUCNPunahPunah …
Jalur TakasakiKRL E231 series pada Jalur TakasakiIkhtisarLokasiTokyo, Prefektur Saitama, Gunma prefecturesTerminusŌmiyaTakasakiOperasiDibuka1883Operator JR EastData teknisPanjang lintas747 km (464 mi)Lebar sepur1.067 mm (3 ft 6 in)Elektrifikasi1,500 V DC kabel udaraKecepatan operasi120 km/h (75 mph) Peta rute Jalur Takasaki (高崎線code: ja is deprecated , Takasaki-sen) adalah sebuah jalur kereta api di Jepang yang menghubungkan Stasiun Ōmiya di Saitam…
Questa voce sull'argomento edizioni di competizioni calcistiche è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Coupe de la Ligue 1995-1996 Competizione Coupe de la Ligue Sport Calcio Edizione 2ª Date dal 23 agosto 1995al 6 aprile 1996 Luogo Francia Risultati Vincitore Metz(1º titolo) Secondo Olympique Lione Semi-finalisti Guingamp Cannes Statistiche Miglior marc…
Voce principale: Prima Divisione 1950-1951. La Prima Divisione fu il massimo campionato regionale di calcio disputato negli Abruzzi nella stagione 1950-1951. Indice 1 Girone A 1.1 Squadre partecipanti 1.2 Classifica finale 2 Girone B 2.1 Squadre partecipanti 2.2 Classifica finale 3 Finale 3.1 Squadre ammesse 3.2 Classifica 4 Bibliografia 4.1 Giornali 4.2 Libri 5 Voci correlate Girone A Squadre partecipanti Squadra Città (provincia) Stagione precedente A.S. L'Aquila (B = riserve) L'Aquila G.S. B…
2022 American crewed spaceflight to the ISS SpaceX Crew-5Crew Dragon Endurance lifts off from LC-39A with the Crew-5 astronauts aboard.NamesUSCV-5Mission typeISS crew transportOperatorSpaceXCOSPAR ID2022-124A SATCAT no.53963Mission duration157 days, 10 hours and 1 minute [1] Spacecraft propertiesSpacecraftCrew Dragon EnduranceSpacecraft typeCrew DragonManufacturerSpaceXLaunch mass12,519 kg (27,600 lb)Landing mass9,616 kg (21,200 lb) CrewCrew size4M…
Joseph Rucker Lamar Hakim Mahkamah Agung Amerika SerikatMasa jabatan3 Januari 1911 – 2 Januari 1916 Informasi pribadiKebangsaanAmerika SerikatProfesiHakimSunting kotak info • L • B Joseph Rucker Lamar adalah hakim Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat. Ia mulai menjabat sebagai hakim pada mahkamah tersebut pada tanggal 3 Januari 1911. Masa baktinya sebagai hakim berakhir pada tanggal 2 Januari 1916.[1] Referensi ^ Justices 1789 to Present. Washington, D.C.: Mahkamah Agu…
Takahashi Korekiyo高橋 是清 Perdana Menteri JepangMasa jabatan15 Mei 1932 – 26 Mei 1932(Pejabat)Penguasa monarkiShōwaPendahuluInukai TsuyoshiPenggantiSaito MakotoMasa jabatan13 November 1921 – 12 Juni 1922Penguasa monarkiYoshihitoHirohito (Bupati)PendahuluUchida Kosai (Pejabat)PenggantiKato Tomosaburo Informasi pribadiLahir(1854-07-27)27 Juli 1854Edo, JepangMeninggal26 Februari 1936(1936-02-26) (umur 81)Tokyo, JepangMakamTaman Makam Tama Reien, Fuchū, TokyoPartai…
This article is about the Philippine province. For other uses, see Camiguin (disambiguation). Province in Northern Mindanao, PhilippinesCamiguinProvinceProvince of Camiguin(clockwise from top) Camiguin island satellite image in 2016, Ferry in Camiguin, Guinsiliban Port, and Mount Hibok-Hibok as seen from White Island FlagSealMotto: The Island Born of Fire[1]Location in the PhilippinesOpenStreetMapCoordinates: 9°10′N 124°43′E / 9.17°N 124.72°E / 9.17; …
Type of American tape lace Battenberg lace Battenberg lace is a type of tape lace. It is of American origin, designed and first made by Sara Hadley of New York. This American lace was named either in honor of the wedding of Princess Beatrice, Queen Victoria's youngest daughter, to Prince Henry of Battenberg, or from [sic] the widowed Princess Beatrice.[1]: 102 It is made using bobbins and needles, or just needles alone.[2]The original Battenberg lace used just on…
