The southern entrance to the town has been dominated since 1988 by the 8-metre (26 ft) statue of Map Kernow ("the son of Cornwall"), a traditional Cornish miner. The statue was destroyed by a fire in June 2006 but was rebuilt.
History
Francis Dutton and Charles Bagot, who both ran sheep in the area, discovered copper ore outcrops in 1842. They purchased 80 acres (32 ha) around the outcrop, beginning mining early in 1844 after good assay results. Mining began with the removal of surface ore and had progressed to underground mining by the end of the year.[2] Copper was mined until 1879. There are also quarries near the town which provide fine marble ranging from dark blue to white.[3] Marble from the Kapunda quarries was used to face Parliament House in Adelaide, and the pedestal of the statue of Venus on North Terrace, Adelaide is made of Sicilian and Kapunda marble.[4]
Ore was initially exported to Swansea in Wales, but later Welsh smelters migrated to South Australia and the ore was smelted locally by 1851.[5] Typically, the miners were Cornish, labourers were Irish and smelter specialists were Welsh. Trade and agriculture were Scottish and English. German farmers and timber cutters at nearby Bethel had already been in the area.[6] Underground mining became more difficult as the mines reached deeper. A steam engine to drive a water pump was installed in 1847, replaced by a larger one in 1851. Mining operations ground to a halt in 1851 with the impact of the Victorian gold rush, restarted in 1855.[7] In 1865, the mine was leased to a Scottish company which switched to open-cut mining methods and replaced the smelters with a different treatment method (cooking the ore with salt to produce copper chloride). Copper prices fell in 1877 and the mine closed in 1879.[8]
The Baptist Church building was constructed in 1866.[9]
Kapunda is known for being the home of Sir Sidney Kidman (1859–1935). He was a major cattle pastoralist[when?] who at one time owned 68 properties with a total area larger than the British Isles. He held annual horse sales at Kapunda with up to 3,000 horses sold during the week. His house, Eringa, was donated to the Education Department in 1921, and it was used as the administration building for the Kapunda High School[10] until it was gutted by fire on the night of 29 March 2022.[11]
Kapunda was home to several notable manufacturers of farm and mining machinery: Robert Cameron, Joseph Mellors, James Rowe and Adamson Brothers.[12] It was with this last-named company that Tobias Richards, the founder of, TJ Richards & Sons one of Australia's largest coach-building firms, started his career. HB Hawke & Co, began in 1857 and operated under various names.[13] The firm closed in 1983.[citation needed]
Kapunda had a strong Catholic community and Saint Mary MacKillop visited and established a convent there. St John's Reformatory for Girls operated from 1897 to 1909.[14]
Description
The southern entrance to the town has been dominated since 1988 by the 8-metre (26 ft) statue of Map Kernow ("the son of Cornwall"), a traditional Cornish miner. The statue was destroyed by a fire on the morning of 1 June 2006[15] but has since been rebuilt by its creator, Ben van Zetten.[citation needed]
Today, Kapunda is a producer of cereal crops, mainly wheat, barley and oats. Value-added services carried out by local industry include stock feed milling and hay processing. Kapunda is a contributor to the wine-growing industry centred in the nearby Barossa Valley.[citation needed]
The Kapunda Historical Society runs a museum housed in the old Baptist Church building.[9]
Kapunda has hosted the Kapunda Celtic Music Festival since 1976.[citation needed]
The town was titled the most haunted town in Australia after a television documentary went to air about this, which led to an increase in the number of tourists that visit the area. The ruins of the Reformatory, located outside the town, were bulldozed for this reason.[citation needed]
The town is close to the historic Anlaby Station with its 23-room homestead, houses, gardens and other buildings on the property, many of which are being restored by its current owners.[16]
The second St Rose of Lima Catholic Church, replacing one designed by Edmund Wright and E. J. Woods built in 1866 and subsequently demolished, was built in 1938,[18] to designs by Herbert Jory in Romanesque Revival style, and has been described as "perhaps Jory's Romanesque masterpiece".[19] The Sydney-based magazine Builder commented that "the long narrow window openings, infilled with cast cement grilles, the design of which has an Eastern flavour, are an interesting innovation".[20]
Eringa
The house which became known as Sir Stanley Kidman's home, Eringa, was built in 1876 by Alexander H. Greenshields, who named it Lanark House after his birthplace, Lanark, in Scotland. Greenshields was a prominent citizen, who built up a drapery business and was a member of many local organisations, as well as the municipal council. The grounds and conservatories of Lanark House occupied nearly 4 acres (1.6 ha). Greenshields died in 1897 and Kidman acquired the property around 1900 and used it as his residence,[10] naming it Eringa after one of his properties, Eringa Station. It was damaged by fire in 1902.[11]
After gifting it to Kapunda High School in 1921, the building was originally used as classrooms, then as the library until 2010, and after that as an administration building. The building was heritage-listed, and in 2011–12 the South Australian Government funded a major refurbishment.[10]
On the night of 29 March 2022, the building caught fire, having spread from a nearby transportable classroom building. Eighty firefighters from the Metropolitan Fire Service battled the blaze, but were hampered by a limited water supply, and explosions around the building. The walls were left standing, but there was significant damage to the roof. Staff members were "heartbroken". Writer Colin Thiele once described the school as "unique".[11]
Media
Kapunda was home to several newspapers. The Kapunda Herald (known as the Northern Star from 1860 to 1863 and the Kapunda Herald and Northern Intelligencer from 1864 to 1878) was printed in the town until 1951, when it was merged with the Barossa News to become the Barossa and Light Herald.
Another publication, the Farmers' Weekly Messenger (4 April 1874 – 27 September 1878) was also printed in Kapunda by Ebenezer Ward.[21] Within a month, in May 1874, it absorbed another Ward newspaper, Northern Guardian (1 April – 6 May 1874), which itself was a continuation of the Guardian and Northern and North-eastern Advertiser (19 May 1871 – 28 March 1874) and the short-lived Gumeracha Guardian and North-eastern Advertiser (19 March 1870 – 20 October 1870).
The North Kapunda Hotel was featured on television show Haunting: Australia, when cast member Allen Tiller, who was a local at the time, requested to producers, Flame Productions, that Kapunda, known as Australia's Most Haunted Town, should be a feature on the show. Haunting: Australia aired internationally in 2014.[citation needed]
The Kapunda hospital is the main hospital in the Light Valley. However, its birthing and emergency services have intermittently been reported as closed for short periods because of COVID-19 pandemic.[24][25][26][27]
Kapunda Homes, a residential aged care facility, occupies an extension wing of Kapunda Hospital.[25]
List of mayors
NoteThis list currently ends in the 1950s due to the limitations of Trove.
1865–1866 Dr Matthew Henry Smyth-Blood (c. 1806 – 29 March 1883)[28]
1867–1868 James Pearce (1825 – 5 November 1904) donated his mayoral allowance to a "bounty fund"[29]
^"Sudden Death of Dr Blood". Kapunda Herald. Vol. XIX, no. 1537. South Australia. 30 March 1883. p. 3. Retrieved 13 November 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
^"Concerning People". The Register (Adelaide). Vol. LXXXI, no. 21, 665. South Australia. 17 April 1916. p. 4. Retrieved 14 November 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
^"The Kapunda Herald". Kapunda Herald. Vol. XXXIV, no. 2, 946. South Australia. 14 October 1898. p. 3. Retrieved 14 November 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
^"The Kapunda Herald". The Kapunda Herald. Vol. XXIX, no. 2, 571. South Australia. 3 March 1893. p. 2. Retrieved 14 November 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
^"Personal". The Kapunda Herald. Vol. L, no. 3, 749. South Australia. 10 April 1914. p. 2. Retrieved 14 November 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
^"Family Notices". South Australian Register. Vol. XXXV, no. 7406. South Australia. 9 August 1870. p. 4. Retrieved 14 November 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
^"Family Notices". Kapunda Herald. Vol. XIV, no. 1089. South Australia. 29 November 1878. p. 2. Retrieved 14 November 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
^"Personal". Evening Journal. Vol. XXXII, no. 9081. South Australia. 18 January 1900. p. 2. Retrieved 14 November 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
^"Mr Evan James". The Adelaide Observer. Vol. LII, no. 2, 830. South Australia. 28 December 1895. p. 16. Retrieved 13 November 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
^"Death of Henry Jackson". The Kapunda Herald. Vol. XLVIII, no. 3, 674. South Australia. 18 October 1912. p. 5. Retrieved 14 November 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
^"Personal". Kapunda Herald. Vol. XLVI, no. 3, 581. South Australia. 16 December 1910. p. 5. Retrieved 31 October 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
^"Obituary". The Register (Adelaide). Vol. XCIII, no. 27, 001. South Australia. 29 February 1928. p. 8. Retrieved 14 November 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
^"Mr. T. Jeffs". Chronicle. Vol. LXXVII, no. 40, 171. South Australia. 22 November 1934. p. 16. Retrieved 14 November 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
^"Concerning People". The Register (Adelaide). Vol. LXXXIV, no. 22, 803. South Australia. 9 December 1919. p. 6. Retrieved 13 November 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
^"Death of Mr Richard Hawke". Kapunda Herald. Vol. LXXV, no. 5, 108. South Australia. 17 August 1939. p. 2. Retrieved 14 November 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
^"Obituary". The Kapunda Herald. Vol. 80, no. 5, 357. South Australia. 22 June 1944. p. 2. Retrieved 14 November 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
^"Mayor of Kapunda Dies". The Northern Argus. Vol. LXXXIII, no. 5, 761. South Australia. 7 January 1953. p. 9. Retrieved 15 November 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
Drew, G. J.; Jones, J. (1988). Discovering historic Kapunda, South Australia. Adelaide: Department of Mines and Energy, Kapunda tourism committee. ISBN0-7243-4277-X.
Drew, G. J. (2017): Captain Bagot's Mine: Kapunda Mine, 1844–1916. Published by the author. ISBN978-0-646-96949-7
Charlton, Rob (1971): The History of Kapunda Published by the District Council of Kapunda. ISBN0-7256-0039-X
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