Kratky method

The Kratky method is a passive hydroponic technique for growing plants suspended above a reservoir of nutrient-rich water.[1] Because it is a non-circulating technique, no additional inputs of water or nutrients are needed after the original application, and no electricity, pumps, or water and oxygen circulation systems are required.[2] The Kratky method has applications both for commercial food production and as a small-scale and low-maintenance technique for home growers.[3] It has been described as "the simplest hydroponic system."[4]

Description

A 2" net pot, which can be used as part of a Kratky system

Plants are placed in net cups filled with an inert growth medium such as rock wool, expanded clay aggregate, sphagnum moss, or coconut coir.[5][6] The net cups are suspended above a reservoir of water containing essential nutrients in solution.[7] Only the root tips are allowed to touch the surface of the reservoir. As the plant grows and depletes the water level, a gap of moist air will form and expand between the water surface and the base of the plant. The roots in this gap become laterally branching "oxygen roots," and absorb oxygen from the air inside the container.[8] By the time the water level is fully depleted, the plant should be ready to harvest. Thus, in one growing cycle, no additional replenishment of water or nutrients is needed beyond the initial application.[9]

Three lettuce plants grown using the Kratky method in mason jars

The method is named after Bernard Kratky, a researcher at the University of Hawaii, who first proposed the method in the journal Acta Horticulturae in 2009.[2] In the article, Kratky discusses using floating pallets for commercial food production. Multiple plants are placed in net pots on boards that float atop a shared reservoir, with support beams slightly underneath the water level. As water is depleted, the boards eventually come to rest on the support beams, providing an air gap to allow oxygen intake.[2] The Kratky method has also found popularity among home growers, and is often carried out on smaller scales in containers such as buckets and mason jars.[10] The technique is designed for leafy vegetables that do not consume large amounts of water, so the water supply does not need to be continually replenished.

See also

References

  1. ^ Arun Maurya; et al. (2017). "Study of Hydroponic Systems and their Variations". International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research. 7 (5): 547–556. doi:10.24247/ijasroct201764. ISSN 2250-0057.
  2. ^ a b c Kratky, B.A. (2009). "Three Non-Circulating Hydroponic Methods for Growing Lettuce". Acta Horticulturae (843): 65–72. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2009.843.6. ISSN 0567-7572.
  3. ^ Kratky, Bernard (September 2010). "A suspended Net-Pot, Non-circulating Hydroponic Method for Commercial Production of Leafy, Romaine, and Semi-Head Lettuce". Vegetable Crops. 1.
  4. ^ Atkinson, Nigel (5 July 2018). "Hydroponics: Should We Think Small?" (PDF). CPQ Nutrition. 1 (3): 8.
  5. ^ Arancon, Norman Q.; Schaffer, Nicholas; Converse, Chad E. (2015-07-03). "Effects of Coconut Husk and Sphagnum Moss-Based Media on Growth and Yield of Romaine and Buttercrunch Lettuce ( Lactuca Sativa ) in a Non-Circulating Hydroponics System". Journal of Plant Nutrition. 38 (8): 1218–1230. Bibcode:2015JPlaN..38.1218A. doi:10.1080/01904167.2014.983117. ISSN 0190-4167. S2CID 96894960.
  6. ^ Takeuchi, Y. (2019). "3D Printable Hydroponics: A Digital Fabrication Pipeline for Soilless Plant Cultivation". IEEE Access. 7: 35863–35873. Bibcode:2019IEEEA...735863T. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2905233. ISSN 2169-3536. S2CID 88483258.
  7. ^ Arancon, Norman Q.; Owens, John Dean; Converse, Chad (2019-11-26). "The effects of vermicompost tea on the growth and yield of lettuce and tomato in a non-circulating hydroponics system". Journal of Plant Nutrition. 42 (19): 2447–2458. Bibcode:2019JPlaN..42.2447A. doi:10.1080/01904167.2019.1655049. ISSN 0190-4167. S2CID 202033113.
  8. ^ Imai, Hideo (1987). "AVRDC non-circulating hydroponic system". Proc. Symposium on Horticultural Production Under Structure. Taiwan Agr. Res. Inst. Taichung.
  9. ^ Mahlangu, R. I. S.; Maboko, M. M.; Sivakumar, D.; Soundy, P.; Jifon, J. (2016-10-14). "Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) growth, yield and quality response to nitrogen fertilization in a non-circulating hydroponic system". Journal of Plant Nutrition. 39 (12): 1766–1775. Bibcode:2016JPlaN..39.1766M. doi:10.1080/01904167.2016.1187739. ISSN 0190-4167. S2CID 98992424.
  10. ^ Martin, Colin (2019). Towards a Hydroponic Architecture (Thesis). University of Cincinnati.

Read other articles:

Dave Morin

Dave MorinLahirHelena, MontanaPendidikanUniversitas Colorado BoulderDikenal atasPathBrit + Co.FacebookSuami/istriBrit Morin (m. 2011) Dave Morin adalah pengusaha Amerika Serikat, investor malaikat, dan CEO dan pendiri jejaring sosial Path.[1][2][3] Ketika masih menjabat manajer di Facebook, ia membantu mengembangkan Facebook Platform dan Facebook Connect.[4][5][6] Morin adalah anggota dewan direksi United States Ski and Snowboard Association (USSA)…

Nawaf Al-Temyat

Nawaf Al-Temyat Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Nawaf Al-TemyatTanggal lahir 28 Juni 1976 (umur 47)Tinggi 1,76 m (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in)Posisi bermain GelandangKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)1993–2008 Al-Hilal Tim nasional‡1998–2006 Arab Saudi 58 (13) * Penampilan dan gol di klub senior hanya dihitung dari liga domestik dan akurat per 14 June 2006‡ Penampilan dan gol di tim nasional akurat per 23 June 2006 Nawaf Al Temyat (lahir 28 Juni 1976) adalah mantan pemai…

Gereja Katolik di Niue

Bagian dari seriGereja Katolik menurut negara Afrika Afrika Selatan Afrika Tengah Aljazair Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Chad Eritrea Eswatini Etiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guinea Khatulistiwa Jibuti Kamerun Kenya Komoro Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagaskar Malawi Mali Maroko Mauritania Mauritius Mesir Mozambik Namibia Niger Nigeria Pantai Gading Republik Demokratik Kongo Republik Kongo Rwanda Sao Tome dan Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia Somaliland Sud…

Ingrid van Bergen

Ingrid van Bergenoada 2010Lahir15 Juni 1931 (umur 92)Danzig, Kota Bebas Danzig (kini Gdańsk, Polandia)Warga negaraJermanPekerjaanPemeranTahun aktif1954–19771983–kiniAnak2 (1 almarhum) Ingrid van Bergen (Jerman: [ˈɪŋ.ɡʁiːt fan ˈbɛʁɡn̩] ⓘ; lahir 15 Juni 1931) adalah seorang pemeran film perempuan Jerman. Ia tampil dalam 100 film sejak 1954. Filmografi pilihan Portrait of an Unknown Woman (1954) Des Teufels General (1955) Bandits of the Autobahn (1955) My Husband…

Gagny

GagnyNegaraPrancisArondisemenLe RaincyAntarkomunetidak ada pada 2005 Gagny merupakan sebuah komune di pinggiran timur Paris, Prancis. Terletak 14.2 km (8.8 mil) dari pusat kota Paris. Sejarah Tanggal 20 Mei 1869, sebagian kecil teritori Gagny dipisahkan dan bergabung dengan teritori Livry-Gargan dan bagian teritori Clichy-sous-Bois untuk membentuk komune Le Raincy. Angkutan Gagny dilayani dua stasiun RER jalur E Paris: Gagny dan Le Chénay – Gagny. Pranala luar (Prancis) Situs web resmi G…

نهائي كأس الكؤوس الإفريقية 1982

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (يوليو 2020) نهائي كأس أفريقيا للأندية أبطال الكؤوس 1982نهائي كأس أفريقيا للأندية الفائزة الكؤوس 1982نهائي كأس الكؤوس الأف…

Seni Yunani

Interior (tondo) pada sebuah Kylix berfigur merah, menggambarkan Herakles dan Athena, buatan perajin Phoinix dan seniman Douris, (480-470 SM) Antikensammlungen Munich. Seni Yunani dimulai pada peradaban prasejarah Kiklad dan Minoa. Seni Yunani Kuno merupakan cikal bakal Seni klasik Barat pada periode kuno, dan lebih mengembangkannya lagi pada periode Hellenis. Seni Yunani dipengaruhi oleh peradaban Timur dan agama Kristen Ortodoks pada era Bizantium dan menyerap gagasan-gagasan Italia dan Eropa …

Cesar Chavez

American farm worker, labor leader, and civil rights activist (1927–1993) For other uses, see Cesar Chavez (disambiguation). Cesar ChavezChavez in 1979BornCesario Estrada Chavez(1927-03-31)March 31, 1927Yuma, Arizona, U.S.DiedApril 23, 1993(1993-04-23) (aged 66)San Luis, Arizona, U.S.Resting placeCesar E. Chavez National MonumentOccupationsLabor leaderCivil rights activistSpouseHelen Fabela ChávezChildren8AwardsPresidential Medal of Freedom (1994) Cesario Estrada Chavez (/ˈtʃɑːvɛz/;…

ليبرالية خضراء

جزء من سلسلة مقالات حولالليبرالية التاريخ تاريخ الفكر الليبرالي مساهمات في النظرية الليبرالية تاريخ الليبرالية الكلاسيكية الأفكار ليبرالية سياسية ليبرالية اقتصادية حرية سياسية ديمقراطية رأسمالية تربية ديمقراطية فردانية اقتصاد عدم التدخل ديمقراطية ليبرالية الحياد اللي…

Tony Luetkemeyer

State senator for the 34th Senatorial District of the Missouri Senate This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This biography of a living person relies too much on references to primary sources. Please help by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelo…

Twentynine Palms, California

City in California, United States Twentynine Palms redirects here. For other uses, see Twentynine Palms (disambiguation). City in California, United StatesTwentynine Palms, CaliforniaCityTwentynine Palms looking east on Highway 62 FlagSealMotto: A Beautiful Desert OasisLocation in San Bernardino County and the state of CaliforniaTwentynine Palms, CaliforniaLocation in the United StatesCoordinates: 34°08′08″N 116°03′15″W / 34.13556°N 116.05417°W / 34.13556…

Church of Sts. Cyril & Methodius and St. Raphael

Church in New York City, United StatesChurch of Sts. Cyril & Methodius and St. RaphaelWest side of the church, 2011LocationHell's KitchenManhattan, New York CityCountryUnited StatesDenominationRoman CatholicWebsitecroatianchurchnewyork.orgHistoryFounded1886, 1913ArchitectureArchitect(s)George H. StreetonStyleGothic RevivalYears built1901–1903SpecificationsMaterialsStructural masonryFaçade: Manhattan schistRed brick with stone trimAdministrationArchdioceseNew York The Catholic Church of St…

Prelude to the Millennium

Prelude To The MillenniumAlbum kompilasi karya Symphony XDirilisFebruary 2, 1999Direkam1994-1998GenreProgressive metal, Neo-classical metal, Power metalDurasi76:38LabelInsideOut MusicProduserSteve Evetts, Eric Rachel, Michael RomeoSymphony X Twilight in Olympus(1998)Twilight in Olympus1998 Prelude To The Millennium (1999) V: The New Mythology Suite(2000)V: The New Mythology Suite2000 Penilaian profesional Skor ulasan Sumber Nilai Allmusic link Prelude to the Millennium: Essentials of Symphon…

Европейская сардина

Европейская сардина Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеГруппа:Костные рыбыКласс:Лучепёрые рыбыПодкласс:Новопёрые …

Человек прямоходящий

† Человек прямоходящий Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:СинапсидыКл…

Bo Lundgren

Swedish politician Bo LundgrenDirector-General of the Swedish National Debt OfficeIn office1 October 2004 – 31 January 2013Preceded byThomas FranzénSucceeded byHans LindbladLeader of the Moderate PartyIn office4 September 1999 – 25 October 2003Preceded byCarl BildtSucceeded byFredrik ReinfeldtLeader of the OppositionIn office4 September 1999 – 25 October 2003MonarchCarl XVI GustafPrime MinisterGöran PerssonPreceded byCarl BildtSucceeded byFredrik ReinfeldtMinis…

Attribute (role-playing games)

Quantified characteristic in role-playing games Part of a series onRole-playing games Types Tabletop Live action Video game Forum Topics Campaign setting Character creation History System Diceless Generic system Theory GNS theory Threefold model Terminology Actual play Adventure Gamemaster Player character Non-player character Statistic Lists Campaign settings LARP groups Production Artists Designers Publishers Games Tabletop WikiProjectvte This article needs additional citations for verificatio…

コルク

この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。（このテンプレートの使い方）出典検索?: コルク – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL（2017年4月） コルクを打ち抜いて作った瓶の栓 コルク（木栓、蘭&…

José Garro

José Garro González Nazionalità  Costa Rica Altezza 184 cm Peso 77 kg Calcio Ruolo Difensore Squadra  Jicaral Sercoba CarrieraSquadre di club1 2004-2006 Fredrikstad0 (0)2006-2008 Pérez Zeledón? (?)2008-2009 Puntarenas4 (1)2009-2010 Univ. de Costa Rica? (?)2010-2014 Herediano71 (2)2014→  Pérez Zeledón17 (2)2014 Herediano2 (0)2015 Pérez Zeledón35 (5)2016-2020 Santos de Guápiles164 (12)2021 Municipal Grecia17 (0)2022- Jica…

大字 (数字)

この項目には、一部のコンピュータや閲覧ソフトで表示できない文字が含まれています（詳細）。 数字の大字（だいじ）は、漢数字の一種。通常用いる単純な字形の漢数字（小字）の代わりに同じ音の別の漢字を用いるものである。 概要 壱万円日本銀行券（「壱」が大字） 弐千円日本銀行券（「弐」が大字） 漢数字には「一」「二」「三」と続く小字と、「壱」「弐」…

Nothing Serious (film)
Alpine skiing
/profillengkap.com/index.php/article/HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën (C802)
/profillengkap.com/index.php/article/Felix Samuely
Alibi
/profillengkap.com/index.php/Senecio steudelioides
/profillengkap.com/index.php/article/Almaz (mythical beast)
Danau Towuti
Manuel Estrada Cabrera
John McClane
Dicht hinter der Tür
As If It's Your Last
Closterus insularis
Henry Ian Cusick
Eugenia Charles
Beja, Bajawa, Ngada
Athylia punctithorax
Isefjorden
Distrik Comoé
Schlacht um Königsberg
Rumah Adat Lapinceng
Template talk:Mountains and hills of Ulster
Zhang Ben
Perboto, Kalikajar, Wonosobo
Tafwid
International Plaza (Pennsylvania)
LL Cool J
Rahmat yang mendahului
Academy Award for Best Story
All the Pretty Horses (novel)
Asansör
Metazygia mariahelenae
Communism and LGBT rights
Untuk Sahabat Peterpan
Integrated Data Store
Politics & Society
La Nouvelle République du Centre-Ouest
Template talk:Chatham County, Georgia
Jono, Tawangharjo, Grobogan
Mariano Ignacio Prado
113 Battalion
أدلبرت ألثوز
TVC 15
Colombian handicrafts
Circuit automobile
Associazione Sportiva Dilettantistica Femminile Inter Milano
Hutterville Colony, South Dakota
Athletics at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games – Men's 1 mile
Lava Kusa
Standar Proses Informasi Federal
Ulmus 'Hillieri'
Martainneville
Mishen
Bahasa Ibrani
Undan
2004 Infiniti Pro Series
Axis powers
Brian Johnson (catcher)
Soukhoï SuperJet 100
Clivage du Moi
1928 United States presidential election in Vermont
Chris Childs (basketball)
Abdeslam Al Mesbahi
Webster's Revision
Danau Tamblingan
Alpheus Hyatt Verrill
Physics engine
Cheshmeh Sabz-e Pain
Friars Hole Cave System
Ernie Ladd
Universitario de Sucre
Presidential Innovation Fellows
The Stand In (2020 film)
Gornja Previja
Sri Gading (daerah pemilihan federal)
Antonio Caracciolo (calciatore 1917)
Gran Premio di Abu Dhabi 2014
Fábio Ferreira
.eu
Julia Richman Education Complex
Union for Reform Judaism
Associazione Sportiva Livorno Calcio 1993-1994
Episodi di El internado (quarta stagione)
Michael Benton
Francisco Romero (philosopher)
USS PC-1643
List of railway stations in Japan
Kamoya Kimeu
Pink Loerie Mardi Gras and Arts Festival
Stadion Mochtar
Danaparoid
Bastian Doreth
2015–16 Regional Super50
Pangtara
Sinomenine
Murchison Promontory
Template talk:Dukes of Gloucester and Edinburgh family tree
Van Vihar National Park
Canischio
Hellenic Seaways
Augusto Meyer
Aquatic therapy
Vitamin D5
Manzoor Hussain Atif
Nina Derwael
Dukhan language
Art Ross Trophy
S. H. Sarma
Llanbister
Pecola
Rogers Arena
Template talk:Drenthe-geo-stub
Breuil (rivière)
Referendum di Taiwan
Primo applauso
Billy Liddell
Tech Field (San Antonio)
Acoustic (film)
Persi Diaconis
Anne Shirley
Clarice Vance
Cohiba (cigarette)
Shake (singer)
Kannada prosody
HMS Raven II
The Body Disappears
Baltimore City Senate Delegation
Michael Allen Fox
ISO 3166-2:TT
Manel Puigbó Rocafort
Viviane Lalande
Gung Negeri, Kabanjahe, Karo
Alex Carter
Katedral Lipari
Ranto Peureulak, Aceh Timur
Yankuba Minteh
List of WCW World Heavyweight Champions
Cmd.exe
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/Antipaus
Trauma (Canadian TV series) soundtrack albums
Slađana Pop-Lazić
Thomas Brassey, 1st Earl Brassey
1957 Mestaruussarja
Saint-Barbant
2016 Challenge Tour
Hungarian Basketball Federation
Giuseppe Giacosa
Polyéthercétone
3DMLW
Eucalyptus microcarpa
USS Catoctin
Đảo Jarvis
United Parks & Resorts
Rodello
Bad Blood (Sage book)
Tirto Adhi Soerjo
SD Negeri 3 Way Ratai
ريو غاليغوس سانتا كروز (مدينة)
Perangkat pintar
Laurel Highlands
2022 Ruoff Mortgage 500
Coventry, New York
Buddy Johnson (American football)
1970 California gubernatorial election
2009–10 Championnat de France Amateur 2
Georgia-Leigh Vele
Martin O'Donohoe
Esfenvalerate
Udinese Calcio 2021-2022
Nasaan si Francis?
Ding Mausoleum
Coronation of Anne Boleyn
(28990) 2001 ML27
Mount Venamo
Gray Sunset
Ram Chandra Vidyabagish
Gallium(III) oxide
Lucy Oldfield
2018 ITF Women's Circuit
Dion Graus
Intravitreal injection
2023 Babergh District Council election
New York State Route 288
Șofronea
A Kar Ka A Chit A Hnit Ka Myittar
كارلا توماس (مغنية)
Story structure
2021–22 WNBL season
John Sokolowski
Londonderry Foyle Road railway station
Bryan Young (rugby union)
2022–23 FC Twente season
Quai des Tuileries
Michalovce
Pengindra
Virtual community
United States Bill of Rights
Talksport
Cognitive module
C-chart
Народный хор имени Г. И. Цитовича
I'll Wait (Kygo and Sasha Sloan song)
Islamic Center of Washington
J. D. Vance
بوابة:الجزائر
Imbolc
Daftar penghargaan dan nominasi yang diterima oleh Robert Downey Jr.
Equinox
Mike Gorman
Pemilihan umum Gubernur Sulawesi Selatan 2024
Reubin Askew
Junichi Okada
List of music students by teacher: T to Z
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/ja/音楽史
November 2005 San Francisco general election
مادة مظلمة حارة
Rabiah Hutchinson
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/ar/قالب:قائمة الأمم المتحدة للأقاليم غير المتمتعة بالحكم الذاتي (1945-1999)
Unfaithful
Natural gas in China
Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority
Minor suit
دراسات السلام والصراع
بطولة ويمبلدون 1986 - زوجي السيدات
Westrehem
ريتشموند (كاليفورنيا)
Battle of Toulon (1944)
Paper Man (1971 film)
达濠岛
Weight Loss (The Office)
Sydney Ringer
Christopher Staughton
Limite
Portuguese in Sweden
Elizabeth Aldworth
St. Petersburg Pier
Saint Quadragesimus
Japanese expatriates in Jamaica
SCOTUSblog
Deutsche Afrika-Linien/John T. Essberger Group of Companies
2018 Qatar ExxonMobil Open
Viana, Spain
The Missing Picture
Château Marmont
火山列岛 (日本)
Dulwich and West Norwood (UK Parliament constituency)
Post (Björk album)
Sumitomo Metal Industries
Phil Todt
André Chapelon
Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya