List of provinces and commanderies of the Han dynasty
Commanderies of the Eastern Han dynasty in 219 AD
Local governments in the Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD) consisted of three levels of administrative divisions : provinces (cishibu 刺史部, or zhou ), commanderies (jun ) and counties (xian ). The early Han dynasty inherited a two-tiered system of government composed of commanderies and counties from the Warring States (5th century BC – 221 BC) and the Qin dynasty (221 BC – 206 BC), while 13 provinces were created on top of the existing hierarchy in 106 BC.
In each province, the central government assigned an Inspector (cishi , 刺史) to audit the administration of commanderies and kingdoms, from 106 BC to 1 BC and from 42 AD to 188 AD. In other periods, the position was replaced by a Governor (mu , 牧, literally "shepherd"), a higher-ranked official. A commandery was under a Commandery Administrator (junshou , 郡守, before 148 BC) or a Grand Administrator (taishou , 太守, after 148 BC). A county was governed by a Magistrate (ling , 令, for larger counties) or a Chief (zhang , 長, for smaller counties), who were the lowest local officials directly appointed by the central government. A special type of county, known as march (dao , 道), was used to administer certain areas with "barbarian " populations, especially on the frontiers of the empire.
In early Han dynasty, chief followers and relatives of the emperor were granted kingdoms. However, independence of the kings gradually diminished. After the failed Rebellion of the Seven States , drastic measures were instated to limit the power of the kings. From 145 BC onward, the central government controlled the appointment of all important officials in the kingdoms. Larger kingdoms were divided, and eventually the government of a kingdom became identical to that of a commandery. For example, the Chancellor (xiang , 相) was equivalent to a Grand Administrator. Similarly, marquessates were administered in the same way as counties.
By the end of the Western Han dynasty, the empire had 103 kingdoms and commanderies, as well as 1,587 counties. The Eastern Han census in 140 AD documented 99 kingdoms and commanderies, and 1,179 counties.
Provinces
There were 13 provinces in the Han Empire. The capital region , although similar to a province in size, was not assigned an Inspector, but was instead inspected by the Colonel Director of Retainers (Sili xiaowei , 司隸校尉). The region was therefore often known as "Sili".
During the Western Han dynasty, the Inspectors were agents of the central government, and did not permanently reside in the provinces. The Inspectors/Governors were transferred to the local government only in 35 AD.
Apart from the capital region, the 13 provinces are:
Province
Extent
Yuzhou
豫州
S. and E. Henan , N. Anhui , N. Jiangsu , SW. Shandong
Jizhou
冀州
S. Hebei
Yanzhou
兗州
W. Shandong, NE. Henan
Qingzhou
青州
N. and E. Shandong, SE. Hebei
Xuzhou
徐州
N. Jiangsu, NE. Anhui, SE. Shandong
Jingzhou
荊州
S. Henan, Hubei , Hunan , parts of Guangdong and Guangxi
Yangzhou
揚州
S. Jiangsu, S. Anhui, Zhejiang , Fujian , parts of Henan and Hubei
Yizhou
益州
Sichuan , Chongqing , Yunnan , Guizhou , S. Shaanxi , parts of Hubei and Gansu
Liangzhou
涼州
Gansu, Ningxia , NE. Qinghai
Bingzhou
并州
Shanxi , parts of Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia
Shuofang [note 1]
朔方
N. Shaanxi, Ordos and Hetao regions in Inner Mongolia
Youzhou
幽州
N. Hebei, Beijing , Tianjin , Liaoning , northern Korea
Jiaozhi [note 2]
交趾
Northern and central Vietnam , Guangxi, Guangdong, SE. Fujian
^ Abandoned in 45 AD due to Xiongnu pressure. All remaining commanderies were transferred to Bingzhou。
^ Renamed to Jiaozhou (交州) in 203 AD
Commanderies
Commandery
Seat
First established
Last dissolved
Population (2 AD census)[10]
No. of counties (Book of Han )[10]
Population (140 AD census)[11]
No. of counties (Book of Later Han )[11]
Province
Name
Chinese
Name
Chinese
Jingzhao [note 1]
京兆
Chang'an
長安
104 BC
–
682,468
12
285,574
10
Sili
Zuopingyi [note 1]
左馮翊
Chang'an → Gaoling
長安 高陵
104 BC
–
917,822
24
145,195
13
Sili
Youfufeng [note 1]
右扶風
Chang'an → Huaili
長安 槐里
104 BC
–
836,070
21
93,091
15
Sili
Weinan
渭南
206 BC
198 BC
–
–
–
–
–
Heshang
河上
206 BC
198 BC
–
–
–
–
–
Zhongdi
中地
205 BC
198 BC
–
–
–
–
–
Taichang [note 2]
太常
Chang'an
長安
c. 145 BC
41 BC
–
–
–
–
Sili
Henan [note 1]
河南
Luoyang
雒陽
4th century BC
–
1,740,279
22
1,010,827
21
Sili
Henei
河內
Huai
懷
Emperor Gao 's reign
–
1,067,097
18
801,558
18
Sili
Hedong
河東
Anyi
安邑
3rd century BC
–
962,912
24
570,803
20
Sili
Hongnong
弘農
Hongnong
弘農
113 BC
–
475,954
11
199,113
9
Sili
Yingchuan
潁川
Yangdi
陽翟
230 BC
–
2,210,973
20
1,436,513
17
Yuzhou
Runan
汝南
Pingyu
平輿
Emperor Gao's reign
–
2,596,148
37
2,100,788
37
Yuzhou
Xiping
西平
Xiping
西平
82 AD
88 AD
–
–
–
–
Yuzhou
Yiyang
弋陽
Yiyang
弋陽
213 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Yuzhou
Dang/ Liang
碭 梁
Dang →Suiyang
碭 睢陽
225 BC
–
106,752
8
431,283
9
Yuzhou
Pei
沛
Xiang
相
Emperor Jing 's reign
–
2,030,480
37
1,251,393[note 3]
21
Yuzhou
Qiao
譙
Qiao
譙
213 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Yuzhou
Huaiyang/ Chen
淮陽 陳
Chen
陳
224 BC
–
981,423
9
547,572[note 3]
9
Yanzhou → Yuzhou
Xue/ Lu
薛 魯
Lu
魯
224 BC
–
607,381
6
411,590
6
Yuzhou
Wei
魏
Ye
鄴
152 BC
–
909,655
18
695,660
15
Jizhou
Julu
鉅鹿
Julu → Yingtao
鉅鹿 廮陶
228 BC
–
827,177
20
602,096
15
Jizhou
Guangping → Pinggan
廣平 平干
Guangping
廣平
Emperor Wu 's reign
82 AD[note 4]
198,558
16
–
–
Jizhou
Guangzong
廣宗
93 AD
93 AD
–
–
–
–
Jizhou
Hengshan/ Changshan
恆山 常山
Yuanshi
元氏
228 BC
–
677,956
18
631,184
13
Jizhou
Zhending
真定
Zhending
真定
113 BC
37 AD
178,616
4
–
–
Jizhou
Zhongshan
中山
Lunu
盧奴
154 BC
–
668,080
14
658,195
13
Jizhou
Boling
博陵
Boling
博陵
158 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Jizhou
Xindu/ Lecheng/ Anping
信都 樂成 安平
Xindu
信都
154 BC
–
304,384
17
655,118
13
Jizhou
Hejian
河間
Lecheng
樂成
Emperor Gao's reign
–[note 5]
187,662
4
634,421
11
Jizhou
Zhangwu
章武
Dongpingshu
東平舒
c. 213 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Jizhou
Qinghe/ Ganling
清河 甘陵
Qingyang → Ganling
清陽 甘陵
Emperor Gao's reign
–
875,422
14
760,418
17
Jizhou
Guangchuan
廣川
Guangchuan
廣川
107 AD
121 AD
–
–
–
–
Jizhou
Handan/ Zhao
邯鄲 趙
Handan
邯鄲
228 BC
–
349,952
4
188,381
5
Jizhou
Bohai
勃海
Fuyang → Nanpi
浮陽 南皮
165 BC
–
905,119
26
1,106,500
8
Youzhou → Jizhou
Jichuan/ Chenliu/ Jiyang
濟川 陳留 濟陽
Jiyang → Chenliu
濟陽 陳留
144 BC
–
1,509,050
17
869,433
17
Yanzhou
Dong
東
Puyang
濮陽
242 BC
–
1,659,028
22
603,393
15
Yanzhou
Jiyin/ Dingtao
濟陰 定陶
Dingtao
定陶
144 BC
–
1,386,278
9
657,554
11
Yanzhou
Chengyang
城陽
Ju → Dongwu
莒 東武
Emperor Gao's reign
–[note 6]
205,784
4
–
–
Yanzhou → Qingzhou
Jidong/ Dahe/ Dongping
濟東 大河 東平
Wuyan
無鹽
144 BC
–
607,976
7
448,270
7
Yanzhou
Rencheng
任城
Rencheng
任城
84 AD
–
–
–
194,156
3
Yanzhou
Taishan
泰山
Fenggao
奉高
122 BC
–
726,604
24
437,317
12
Yanzhou
Ying
嬴
Ying
嬴
Emperor Xian 's reign
Unknown
–
–
–
–
Yanzhou
Jibei
濟北
Boyang → Lu
博陽 盧
Qin dynasty
–
–
–
235,897
5
Yanzhou
Shanyang/ Changyi
山陽 昌邑
Changyi
昌邑
144 BC
–
801,288
23
606,091
10
Yanzhou
Boyang/ Jinan
濟南
Boyang → Dongpingling
博陽 東平陵
201 BC
–
642,884
14
453,308
10
Qingzhou
Pingyuan
平原
Pingyuan
平原
Emperor Jing's reign
–
664,543
19
1,002,658
9
Qingzhou → Jizhou
Laoling
樂陵
Yanci
厭次
213 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Jizhou
Qiansheng/ Le'an
千乘 樂安
Qiansheng → Linji
千乘 臨濟
110 BC
–
490,720
15
424,075
9
Qingzhou
Linzi/ Qi
臨菑 齊
Linzi
臨淄
221 BC
–
554,444
12
491,765
6
Qingzhou
Beihai
北海
Yingling → Ju
營陵 勮
156 BC
–
593,159
26
853,604
18
Qingzhou
Zichuan
菑川
Ju
勮
164 BC
37 AD
227,031
3
–
–
Qingzhou
Jiaoxi/ Gaomi
膠西 高密
Gaomi
高密
201 BC
37 AD
205,784
4
–
–
Qingzhou
Jiaodong
膠東
Jimo
即墨
219 BC
37 AD
323,331
8
–
–
Qingzhou
Donglai
東萊
Ye → Huang
掖 黃
Emperor Jing's reign
–
502,693
17
484,393
13
Qingzhou
Changguang
長廣
Changguang
長廣
198 AD
Unknown
–
–
–
–
Qingzhou
Langya
琅邪
Langya → Dongwu → Kaiyang
琅邪 東武 開陽
221 BC
–
1,079,010
51
570,967
13
Xuzhou
Dongguan
東莞
Dongguan
東莞
198 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Xuzhou
Dong'an
東安
Emperor Xian's reign
Unknown
–
–
–
–
Xuzhou
Donghai
東海
Tan
郯
Qin dynasty
–
1,559,357
38
706,416
13
Xuzhou
Licheng
利城
Licheng
利城
198 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Xuzhou
Changlü
昌慮
Changlü
昌慮
198 AD
206 AD
–
–
–
–
Xuzhou
Pengcheng/ Chu
彭城 楚
Pengcheng
彭城
Qin dynasty
–
497,804
7
493,027
8
Xuzhou
Linhuai
臨淮
Xu
徐
117 BC
79 AD
1,237,764
29
–
–
Xuzhou
Xiapi
下邳
Xiapi
下邳
72 AD
–
–
–
611,083
17
Xuzhou
Dongcheng
東城
Emperor Xian's reign
Unknown
–
–
–
–
Xuzhou
Dongyang/ Guangling
東陽 廣陵
Guangling
廣陵
Emperor Gao's reign
–
140,722
4
410,190
11
Xuzhou
Sishui
泗水
Ling
淩
114 BC
37 AD
119,114
3
–
–
Xuzhou
Nanyang
南陽
Wan
宛
272 BC
–
1,942,051
36
2,439,618
37
Jingzhou
Zhangling
章陵
Zhangling
章陵
Emperor Xian's reign
–
–
–
–
–
Jingzhou
Nanxiang
南鄉
Nanxiang
南鄉
Emperor Xian's reign
–
–
–
–
–
Jingzhou
Nan/ Linjiang/ Jiangling
南 臨江 江陵
Jiangling
江陵
278 BC
–
718,540
18
747,604
17
Jingzhou
Xiangyang
襄陽
Xiangyang
襄陽
208 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Jingzhou
Linjiang/ Yidu
臨江 宜都
Yidu
宜都
208 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Jingzhou
Hengshan
衡山
Zhu
邾
Qin dynasty
121 BC
–
–
–
–
–
Jiangxia
江夏
Xiling → Shiyang/ Shaxian
西陵 石陽 沙羨
121 BC
–
219,218
14
265,464
14
Jingzhou
Qichun
蘄春
Qichun
蘄春
208 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Yangzhou
Xiling
西陵
Yangxin
陽新
214 AD
Unknown
–
–
–
–
Jingzhou
Wuchang
武昌
Wuchang
武昌
220 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Jingzhou
Lingling
零陵
Lingling → Quanling
零陵 泉陵
111 BC
–
139,378
10
1,001,578
10
Jingzhou
Guiyang
桂陽
Chen
郴
Emperor Gao's reign
–
156,488
11
501,403
11
Jingzhou
Wuling
武陵
Suo →Linyuan
索 臨沅
4th century BC
–
185,758
13
250,913
12
Jingzhou
Changsha
長沙
Linxiang
臨湘
221 BC
–
235,823
13
1,059,372
12
Jingzhou
Hanchang
漢昌
Hanchang
漢昌
210 AD
Unknown
–
–
–
–
Jingzhou
Jiujiang/ Huainan
九江 淮南
Shouchun
壽春
223 BC
–
780,525
15
432,426
14
Yangzhou
Fuling
阜陵
Fuling
阜陵
73 AD
206 AD
–
–
–
–
Yangzhou
Zhang/ Danyang
鄣 丹陽
Guzhang → Wanling →Jianye
故鄣 宛陵 建業
Qin dynasty
–
405,171
17
630,545
16
Yangzhou
Xindu
新都
Shixin
始新
208 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Yangzhou
Linchuan
臨川
Emperor Xian's reign
Unknown
–
–
–
–
Yangzhou
Lujiang
廬江
Poyang
鄱陽
219 BC
121 BC
–
–
–
–
–
Lujiang [note 7]
廬江
Shu → Wan
舒 皖
121 BC
–
457,333
12
424,683
14
Yangzhou
Lu'an
六安
Lu
六
121 BC
37 AD
178,616
5
–
–
Yangzhou
Kuaiji
會稽
Wu →Shanyin
吳 山陰
222 BC
–
1,032,604
26
481,196
14
Yangzhou
Wu
吳
Wu
吳
129 AD
–
–
–
700,782
13
Yangzhou
Yuzhang
豫章
Nanchang
南昌
202 BC
–
351,965
18
1,668,906
21
Yangzhou
Luling
廬陵
Xichang
西昌
195 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Yangzhou
Pengze
彭澤
208 AD
Unknown
–
–
–
–
Yangzhou
Poyang
鄱陽
Poyang
鄱陽
210 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Yangzhou
Hanzhong/ Hanning
漢中 漢寧
Xicheng →Nanzheng
西城 南鄭
312 BC
–
300,614
12
267,402
9
Yizhou
Xicheng
西城
Xicheng
西城
215 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Jingzhou
Shangyong
上庸
Shangyong
上庸
215 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Jingzhou
Fangling
房陵
Fangling
房陵
215 – 219 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Jingzhou
Ba/ Yongning
巴 永寧
Jiangzhou
江州
316 BC
–
708,148
11
1,086,049
14
Yizhou
Badong Dependent States[note 8]
巴東屬國
Fuling
涪陵
201 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Yizhou
Ba/ Baxi
巴 巴西
Anhan → Langzhong
安漢 閬中
195 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Yizhou
Dangqu
宕渠
Dangqu
宕渠
218 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Yizhou
Guling/ Badong
固陵 巴東
Yufu
魚復
195 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Yizhou
Guanghan
廣漢
Zitong → Luo
梓潼 雒
201 BC
–
662,249
13
509,438
11
Yizhou
Zitong
梓潼
Zitong
梓潼
217 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Yizhou
Guanghan Dependent States/ Yinping[note 8]
廣漢屬國 陰平
Yinping
陰平
108 AD
–
–
–
205,652
3
Yizhou
Shu
蜀
Chengdu
成都
316 BC
–
1,245,929
15
1,350,476
11
Yizhou
Shu Commandery Dependent States/ Hanjia[note 8]
蜀郡屬國 漢嘉
Hanjia
漢嘉
123 AD
–
–
–
475,629
4
Yizhou
Shenli
沈黎
Zuodu
筰都
111 BC
97 BC
–
–
–
–
Yizhou
Yuesui
越巂
Qiongdu
邛都
111 BC
–
408,405
15
623,418
11
Yizhou
Wudu
武都
Wudu → Xiabian
武都 下辯
111 BC
–
235,560
9
81,728
7
Yizhou → Liangzhou
Wenshan
汶山
Wenjiang
汶江
111 BC
–
–
–
–
–
Yizhou
Qianwei
犍為
Bi →Bodao → Wuyang
鄨 僰道 武陽
135 BC
–
489,486
12
411,378
9
Yizhou
Jiangyang
江陽
Jiangyang
江陽
213 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Yizhou
Qianwei Dependent States/ Zhuti[note 8]
犍為屬國 朱提
Zhuti
朱提
107 AD
–
–
–
37,187
2
Yizhou
Zangke
牂牁
Gujulan
故且蘭
111 BC
–
153,360
17
267,253
16
Yizhou
Yizhou
益州
Dianchi
滇池
109 BC
–
580,463
24
110,802
17
Yizhou
Yongchang
永昌
Suitang → Buwei
巂唐 不韋
69 AD
–
–
–
1,897,344[note 9]
8
Yizhou
Longxi
隴西
Didao → Xiangwu → Didao
狄道 襄武 狄道
279 BC
–
236,824
11
29,637
11
Liangzhou
Jincheng
金城
Jincheng → Yunwu
金城 允吾
81 BC
–
149,648
13
18,947
10
Liangzhou
Xiping
西平
Xidu
西都
Emperor Xian's reign
–
–
–
–
–
Liangzhou
Tianshui/ Hanyang
天水 漢陽
Pingxiang → Ji
平襄 冀
114 BC
–
261,348
16
130,138
13
Liangzhou
Nan'an
南安
Huandao
豲道
188 AD
214 AD
–
–
–
–
Liangzhou
Yongyang
永陽
Shanggui
上邽
193 AD
214 AD
–
–
–
–
Liangzhou
Anding
安定
Gaoping → Meiyang → Linjing
高平 美陽 臨涇
114 BC
–
143,294
21
29,060
8
Liangzhou
Xinping
新平
Qi
漆
194 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Liangzhou
Jiuquan
酒泉
Lufu
祿福
Emperor Wu 's reign
–
76,726
9
12,706
9
Liangzhou
Zhangye
張掖
Lude
觻得
Emperor Wu 's reign
–
88,731
10
26,040
8
Liangzhou
Zhangye Dependent States[note 8]
張掖屬國
Emperor An 's reign
–
–
–
16,952
5
Liangzhou
Zhangye Juyan Dependent States/ Xihai[note 8]
張掖居延屬國 西海
Juyan
居延
Emperor An 's reign
–
–
–
4,733
1
Liangzhou
Xi
西
Rile
日勒
195 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Liangzhou
Dunhuang
敦煌
Dunhuang
敦煌
Emperor Wu 's reign
–
38,335
6
29,170
6
Liangzhou
Wuwei
武威
Guzang
姑臧
Emperor Xuan or Emperor Yuan 's reign
–
76,419
10
34,226
14
Liangzhou
Shangdang
上黨
Zhangzi
長子
5th century BC
–
337,766
14
127,403
13
Bingzhou
Leping
樂平
Zhan
沾
c. 215 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Bingzhou
Taiyuan
太原
Jinyang
晉陽
247 BC
–
680,488
21
200,124
16
Bingzhou
Xinxing
新興
Jiuyuan
九原
215 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Bingzhou
Yanmen
雁門
Shanwu → Yinguan
善無 陰館
c. 300 BC
–
293,454
14
31,862
14
Bingzhou
Dai
代
Sanggan → Dai → Gaoliu
桑乾 代 高柳
c. 300 BC
–
278,754
18
20,123
11
Bingzhou → Youzhou
Yunzhong
雲中
Yunzhong
雲中
c. 300 BC
215 AD
173,270
11
26,430
11
Bingzhou
Dingxiang
定襄
Chengle
成樂
196 BC
215 AD
163,144
12
13,571
5
Bingzhou
Wuyuan
五原
Jiuyuan
九原
127 BC
215 AD
231,328
16
22,957
10
Shuofang → Bingzhou
Shuofang
朔方
Shuofang → Linrong → Wuyuan
朔方 臨戎 五原
127 BC
215 AD
136,628
10
7,843
6
Shuofang → Bingzhou
Shang
上
Fushi → Ya → Fushi → Xiayang
膚施 衙 膚施 夏陽
c. 5th century BC
215 AD
606,658
23
28,599
10
Shuofang → Bingzhou
Xihe
西河
Pingding → Lishi
平定 離石
125 BC
Emperor Ling 's reign
698,836
36
20,838
13
Shuofang → Bingzhou
Beidi
北地
Maling → Fuping → Chiyang → Fuping → Duiyu
馬領 富平 池陽 富平 祋祤
271 BC
–
210,688
19
18,637
6
Shuofang → Liangzhou
Zhuo
涿
Zhuo
涿
117 BC
–
782,764
29
633,754
7
Youzhou
Shanggu
上谷
Juyang
沮陽
283 BC
–
117,762
15
51,204
8
Youzhou
Guangyang
廣陽
Ji
薊
222 BC
–[note 10]
70,658
4
280,600
5
Youzhou
Yuyang
漁陽
Yuyang
漁陽
283 BC
–
264,116
12
435,740
9
Youzhou
Youbeiping
右北平
Wuzhong → Pinggang → Tuyin
無終 平剛 土垠
c. 3rd century BC
–
320,780
16
53,475
4
Youzhou
Liaoxi
遼西
Yangle
陽樂
c. 3rd century BC
–
352,325
14
81,714
5
Youzhou
Liaodong
遼東
Xiangping
襄平
c. 3rd century BC
–
272,539
18
Unknown
11
Youzhou
Liaodong Dependent States[note 8]
遼東屬國
Changli
昌黎
Emperor An 's reign
–
–
–
Unknown
6
Youzhou
Xuantu (Hyŏnto)
玄菟
Fuzu (Pucho) →Gaogouli (Koguryŏ)
夫租 高句驪
108 BC
–
221,845
3
43,163
6
Youzhou
Lelang (Rakrang)
樂浪
Chaoxian (Chosŏn)
朝鮮
108 BC
–
406,748
25
257,050
18
Youzhou
Lintun (Imtun)
臨屯
Dongyi (Tongni)
東暆
108 BC
82 BC
–
–
–
–
Youzhou
Zhenfan (Chinpŏn)
真番
Shou (Sap)
霅
108 BC
82 BC
–
–
–
–
Youzhou
Canghai (Ch'anghae)
蒼海
128 BC
126 BC
–
–
–
–
Youzhou
Daifang (Taepang)
帶方
Daifang (Taepang)
帶方
c. 213 AD
–
–
–
–
–
Youzhou
Xiang
象
Linchen
臨塵
214 BC
76 BC
–
–
–
–
Yizhou
Nanhai
南海
Panyu
番禺
214 BC
–
94,253
6
250,282
7
Jiaozhi
Cangwu
蒼梧
Guangxin
廣信
111 BC
–
146,160
10
466,975
11
Jiaozhi
Yulin
鬱林
Bushan
布山
111 BC
–
71,162
12
Unknown
11
Jiaozhi
Hepu
合浦
Xuwen → Hepu
徐聞 合浦
111 BC
–
78,980
5
86,617
5
Jiaozhi
Gaoxing/ Gaoliang
高興 高涼
Gaoliang → Siping
高涼 思平
Emperor Huan 's reign
–[note 11]
–
–
–
–
Jiaozhi
Jiaozhi (Giao Chỉ)
交趾
Leilou (Luy Lâu) →Longbian (Long Biên)
羸𨻻 龍編
204 BC
–
746,237
10
Unknown
12
Jiaozhi
Jiuzhen (Cửu Chân)
九真
Xupu (Tư Phố)
胥浦
204 BC
–
166,013
7
209,894
5
Jiaozhi
Rinan (Nhật Nam)
日南
Zhuwu (Chu Ngô) → Xiquan (Tây Quyển)
朱吾 西捲
111 BC
–
69,485
5
100,676
5
Jiaozhi
Zhuya
珠崖
Shendu
瞫都
110 BC
46 BC
–
–
–
–
Jiaozhi
Dan'er
儋耳
Dan'er
儋耳
110 BC
46 BC
–
–
–
–
Jiaozhi
^ a b c d While usually listed alongside commanderies, Jingzhao, Zuopingyi, Youfufeng were not commanderies themselves. Instead, Jingzhao was governed by the Intendant of the Capital. Zuopingyi and Youfufeng were also titles of the officials that administer the two regions. The three regions in the Guanzhong Plain , collectively known as "Sanfu" (三輔), were briefly divided into regular commanderies (Weinan, Heshang and Zhongdi) in the first years of the Former Han. From 198 BC to 104 BC, they were overseen by the Clerk of the Capital (Neishi 內史). There were two Clerks of the Capital ("left", Zuo Neishi ; and "right", You Neishi ) from Emperor Wen 's reign onward, who were in charge of the northern and southern halves of the region, respectively. Henan was administered in a similar way to Jingzhao during the Eastern Han period.
^ A special commandery in charge of imperial mausoleums
^ a b Corrected based on commentary in 曹金华 (2014). 后汉书稽疑. p. 1511.
^ Dissolved in 37 AD, reestablished in 60 AD
^ Dissolved in 37 AD, reestablished in 90 AD
^ Dissolved in 37 AD, reestablished in 198 AD
^ A separate commandery from the first Lujiang Commandery
^ a b c d e f g Dependent States were institutions that governed non-Han peoples in the empire. Their chief officials were known as Chief Commandants (duwei , 都尉). Most Dependent States were subordinate to commanderies. However, six important Dependent States were elevated to full commandery status during Emperor An 's reign.
^ Disputed
^ Dissolved in 37 AD, reestablished in 96 AD
^ Dissolved during Emperor Ling's reign, reestablished in 220 AD
See also
References
Citations
Sources
Bielenstein, Hans (1980). The Bureaucracy of Han Times . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-75972-7 .
Lewis, Mark E. (1999). "Warring States: Political History". In Loewe, Michael; Shaughnessy, Edward L. (eds.). The Cambridge History of Ancient China . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 587–650. ISBN 978-0-521-47030-8 .
Li Xiaojie (1999). Donghan Zhengqu Dili [Administrative Geography of the Eastern Han Dynasty ] (in Chinese). Jinan: Shandong Education Press. ISBN 978-7-532-82841-8 .
Zhou Zhenhe (1987). Xihan Zhengqu Dili [Administrative Geography of the Western Han Dynasty ] (in Chinese). Beijing: People's Press. ISBN 978-7-100-12898-8 .