Madhavrao Scindia

Madhavrao Scindia
Madhavrao Scindia
	Scindia on a 2005 postage stamp of India
Minister of Civil Aviation
	In office; 1991–1993
Prime Minister	P. V. Narasimha Rao
Preceded by	Harmohan Dhawan
Succeeded by	Ghulam Nabi Azad
Minister of Tourism
	In office; 1991–1993
Prime Minister	P. V. Narasimha Rao
Succeeded by	Ghulam Nabi Azad
Minister of Human Resource Development
	In office; 1995–1996
Prime Minister	P. V. Narasimha Rao
Preceded by	P. V. Narasimha Rao
Succeeded by	P. V. Narasimha Rao
Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Railways
	In office; 22 October 1986 – 1 December 1989
Prime Minister	Rajiv Gandhi
Preceded by	Mohsina Kidwai
Succeeded by	George Fernandes
Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
	In office; 10 October 1999 – 30 September 2001
Preceded by	Vijaya Raje Scindia
Succeeded by	Jyotiraditya Scindia
Constituency	Guna, Madhya Pradesh
	In office; 31 December 1984 – 10 October 1999
Preceded by	Narayan Shejwalkar
Succeeded by	Jaibhan Singh Pavaiya
Constituency	Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh
	In office; 15 March 1971 – 31 December 1984
Preceded by	Acharya Kripalani
Succeeded by	Mahendra Singh Kalukheda
Constituency	Guna, Madhya Pradesh
Personal details
Born	10 March 1945; Bombay, Bombay Presidency, British India; (present day Mumbai, Maharashtra, India)
Died	30 September 2001 (aged 56); Mainpuri, Uttar Pradesh, India
Political party	Indian National Congress
Other political; affiliations	Bharatiya Jana Sangh (1971–1977)
Spouse	Madhavi Raje Sahib Scindia (m. 1966)
Relations	See Scindia family
Children	Chitrangada Singh (daughter); Jyotiraditya Scindia (son)
Residence(s)	Jai Vilas Mahal, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

Madhavrao Jivajirao Scindia (10 March 1945 – 30 September 2001) was an Indian politician and minister in the Government of India. He was a member of the Indian National Congress.

Scindia was the son of Jiwajirao Scindia, the last ruling Maharaja of the princely state of Gwalior during the British Raj. Upon the death of his father in 1961, and under terms agreed to during the political integration of India, Scindia succeeded to a privy purse, certain privileges, and the use of the title "Maharaja of Gwalior,"^[1] which lasted until 1971, whereupon all were abolished by the 26th Amendment to the Constitution of India.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Early life

Scindia was born in a Maratha family, to the last ruling Maharaja of Gwalior, Jivajirao Scindia and his mother was Rajmatha Vijay Raje Scindia. He married Madhavi Raje Sahib Scindia, a daughter of army general of Madhesh Province, Nepal, and a great-granddaughter of Prime Minister of Nepal and Maharaja of Kaski and Lamjung, Juddha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, a patrilineal descendant of Sardar Ramakrishna Kunwar of Gorkha.^[5] They had two children, a daughter, Chitrangada Singh (born 1967),^[6]^[7] a son Jyotiraditya Scindia^[8] (born 1971).^[9]^[10]

Scindia underwent his schooling in Scindia School, Gwalior and thereafter went for higher studies in Winchester College and at New College, Oxford.^[11]

On his return from the UK, Scindia followed the political tradition set by his mother Vijaya Raje Scindia by joining politics. He was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1971 from the Guna constituency on a Bharatiya Jana Sangh ticket.^[11]

Career

Electoral victories

A nine-term member of the Lok Sabha, Madhavrao Scindia never lost an election since 1971,^{[citation needed]} when he won for the first time from Guna constituency at the age of 26. He contested the election on the ticket of Bharatiya Jana Sangh (the precursor of the present day Bharatiya Janata Party), which his family had long patronised. When the Emergency, he fled the country into self-imposed exile in the United Kingdom.

After he returned to India, he resigned from the Bharatiya Jana Sangh. He contested from Guna constituency as an independent candidate and won the seat a second time in spite of the wave in favour of the Janata Party.^[12]

In the 1980 election, he switched allegiance to the Indian National Congress and won from Guna a third time. In 1984, he was nominated as the Congress party's candidate from Gwalior in a last-minute manoeuvre to defeat the Bharatiya Janata Party's Atal Bihari Vajpayee, and won by a massive margin. After that Scindia contested from either Gwalior or Guna and won on each occasion.

Ministerial appointments

The 1984 election brought Scindia his first experience as a minister. He made his mark as an excellent administrator during his stint as Railways Minister (22 October 1986 – 1 December 1989)^[13] in the Rajiv Gandhi Ministry.

Prime Ministers P. V. Narasimha Rao made him Minister for Civil Aviation. He faced a turbulent period of agitation by the staff of the domestic carrier, Indian Airlines, and as part of a strategy of disciplining the workforce, he leased a number of aircraft from Russia. Early in 1992 one of these aircraft crashed, though without any loss of life, and Scindia promptly submitted his resignation. Although not known to be too finicky about such notions as ministerial accountability, the prime minister accepted his resignation. Scindia was later reinducted into the Cabinet in 1995 as Minister for Human Resource Development. Scindia is also credited with setting up the Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management (IIITM) at Gwalior as an institution of repute, which got renamed after Atal Bihari Vajpayee as ABV-IIITM.

Opposition Years

After the defeat of the Indian National Congress in the 1989 Indian general election, Scindia became a prominent member of the opposition. In 1990, after the fall of the V. P. Singh government, the Congress provided external support to the Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) government of Chandra Shekhar. Scindia was appointed president of the Board for Cricket in India (BCCI), a post he held until his 3-year term expired in 1993.

Rebellion and return

In 1996, he left the Congress party after being accused of bribery by prime minister PV Narasimha Rao. He founded the Madhya Pradesh Vikas Congress (MPVC), and along with Arjun Singh and other Congress dissidents formed the United Front government at the Centre. Scindia himself opted to stay out of the cabinet. In 1998, just before the Lok Sabha elections he merged the MPVC into the Congress party. He won the 1998 Lok Sabha election from Guna.^[12]

Death

Madhavrao Scindia died at the age of 56, in a plane crash in Motta village, which is on the outskirts of Mainpuri district of Uttar Pradesh, on 30 September 2001. The plane caught fire when it was above Bhainsrauli village.^[14] Being viewed as a future prime ministerial candidate before the 1999 Lok Sabha elections in the aftermath of the controversy over Sonia Gandhi's foreign origin, was on his way to address a rally in Kanpur.^[15]

All eight people on board the private plane (Beechcraft King Air C90) died in the crash. This included his personal secretary Rupinder Singh, journalists Sanjeev Sinha (The Indian Express), Anju Sharma (The Hindustan Times), Gopal Bisht, Ranjan Jha (Aaj Tak), pilot Ray Gautam and co-pilot Ritu Malik. The bodies were charred beyond recognition and taken by road to Agra, from where a special Indian Air Force aircraft, sent by Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, brought the remains to New Delhi. The remains of Madhavrao Scindia were identified by his family, with the goddess Durga locket that he always used to wear.^[16]

The autopsies were conducted and other legal formalities completed at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi by Professor T D Dogra.^[17] His son Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia was symbolically appointed the head of the family.^[18]

Styles

1945-1961- His Highness Yuvaraja Maharaj Shrimant Madhavrao Scindia Bahadur.^{[citation needed]}
1961-1971- His Highness Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Azim ul-Iqtidar, Rafi-us-Shan, Wala Shikoh, Muhtasham-i-Dauran, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shrimant Madhav Rao III Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior.^{[citation needed]}

Ancestry

^[19]

Ancestors of Madhavrao Scindia

8. Jayajirao, Maharaja of Gwalior (1843–1886)

4. Madhavrao II, Maharaja of Gwalior (1876–1925)

9. Sakhyabai Raje, Maharani Regent of Gwalior (1862–1919)

2. Jivajirao, Maharaja of Gwalior (1916–1961)

10. Rao Rana Satrojirao Vithalrao Rane, Sar Desai of Sankli

5. Gajrabai Raje, Maharani Regent of Gwalior (d. 1943)

1. Madhavrao III, Maharaja of Gwalior

12. Thakur Theobaran Singh of Gangini,

6. Thakur Mahendra Singh of Sagar (1892–?)

3. Lekha Divyeshwari Devi (Vijaya Raje Scindia), Maharani of Gwalior (1919–2001)

14. General HH Raja Khadga Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana(1861–1921)

7. Thakurani Chuda Devashwari Devi (c. 1900–1919)

15. Sri Rani Dhankumari Rajya Lakshmi

Madhavrao Scindia Scindia Dynasty Born: 10 March 1945 Died: 2 October 2001
Preceded by Jivaji Rao Scindia	— TITULAR — Maharaja of Gwalior 1961–1971 Reason for succession failure: Monarchy abolished in 1948, and title, privileges, and privy purses abolished in 1971	Succeeded by Jyotiraditya Scindia

Notes

References

^ Ramusack, Barbara N. (2004). The Indian princes and their states. Cambridge University Press. p. 273. ISBN 978-0-521-26727-4. The crucial document was the Instrument of Accession by which rulers ceded to the legislatures of India or Pakistan control over the defence, external affairs, and communications. In return for these concessions, the princes were to be guaranteed a privy purse in perpetuity and certain financial and symbolic privileges such as exemption from customs duties, the use of their titles, the right to fly their state flags on their cars and to have police protection. ... By December 1947 Patel began to pressure the princes into signing Merger Agreements that integrated their states into adjacent British Indian provinces, soon to be called states or new units of erstwhile princely states, most notably Rajasthan, Patiala and East Punjab States Union, and Matsya Union (Alwar, Bharatpur, Dholpur and Karaulli).
^ "The Constitution (26 Amendment) Act, 1971", indiacode.nic.in, Government of India, 1971, retrieved 9 November 2011
^ Ramusack, Barbara N. (2004). The Indian princes and their states. Cambridge University Press. p. 278. ISBN 978-0-521-26727-4. Through a constitutional amendment passed in 1971, Indira Gandhi stripped the princes of the titles, privy purses and regal privileges which her father's government had granted.
^ Schmidt, Karl J. (1995). An atlas and survey of South Asian history. M.E. Sharpe. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-56324-334-9. Although the Indian states were alternately requested or forced into union with either India or Pakistan, the real death of princely India came when the Twenty-sixth Amendment Act (1971) abolished the princes' titles, privileges, and privy purses.
^ "Jyotiraditya Scindia's complete family tree explained". Oneindia. 11 March 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^ "Karan Singh's elder son to join PDP". Hindustan Times. 7 August 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
^ "Meet Princess Mriganka Singh, the great-granddaughter of the last ruling king of J&K; know about her connections with Jyotiraditya Scindia & Captain Amarinder Singh". Financialexpress. 24 July 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
^ "The prince who will be king". The Times of India. 5 October 2001. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
^ Chopra, Ria (11 March 2020). "Black Sheep, Saffron Politics: The Colourful History of Scindia". TheQuint. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
^ "History came to life at the wedding of Chitrangada Raje Scindia and Vikramaditya Singh". India Today. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Madhavrao Scindia". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
^ ^a ^b Yadav, Shyamlal (13 March 2020). "The Gwalior dynasty: A short history of the Scindias in Indian politics". The Indian Express. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
^ Railway Ministers. Irfca. Retrieved on 14 November 2018.
^ Bhainsrauli village [1]
^ Madhavrao Scindia Dies In Plane Crash
^ Goddess Durga Locket
^ "Madha vrao Sindia killed in plane crash". The Times of India. 1 October 2001. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
^ "The Scindia Dynasty. Genealogy". Royal Ark. Archived from the original on 10 March 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^ JBR, PurushottamShamsher (1990). Shree Teen Haruko Tathya Britanta (in Nepali). Bhotahity, Kathmandu: Vidarthi Pustak Bhandar. ISBN 99933-39-91-1.

Bibliography

Sanghvi, Vir; Bhandare, Namita (2009). Madhavrao Scindia: A life. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-670-08254-4.

[ramusack-pol-integration-1] Ramusack, Barbara N. (2004). The Indian princes and their states. Cambridge University Press. p. 273. ISBN 978-0-521-26727-4. The crucial document was the Instrument of Accession by which rulers ceded to the legislatures of India or Pakistan control over the defence, external affairs, and communications. In return for these concessions, the princes were to be guaranteed a privy purse in perpetuity and certain financial and symbolic privileges such as exemption from customs duties, the use of their titles, the right to fly their state flags on their cars and to have police protection. ... By December 1947 Patel began to pressure the princes into signing Merger Agreements that integrated their states into adjacent British Indian provinces, soon to be called states or new units of erstwhile princely states, most notably Rajasthan, Patiala and East Punjab States Union, and Matsya Union (Alwar, Bharatpur, Dholpur and Karaulli).

[2] "The Constitution (26 Amendment) Act, 1971", indiacode.nic.in, Government of India, 1971, retrieved 9 November 2011

[3] Ramusack, Barbara N. (2004). The Indian princes and their states. Cambridge University Press. p. 278. ISBN 978-0-521-26727-4. Through a constitutional amendment passed in 1971, Indira Gandhi stripped the princes of the titles, privy purses and regal privileges which her father's government had granted.

[4] Schmidt, Karl J. (1995). An atlas and survey of South Asian history. M.E. Sharpe. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-56324-334-9. Although the Indian states were alternately requested or forced into union with either India or Pakistan, the real death of princely India came when the Twenty-sixth Amendment Act (1971) abolished the princes' titles, privileges, and privy purses.

[5] "Jyotiraditya Scindia's complete family tree explained". Oneindia. 11 March 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

[6] "Karan Singh's elder son to join PDP". Hindustan Times. 7 August 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2024.

[7] "Meet Princess Mriganka Singh, the great-granddaughter of the last ruling king of J&K; know about her connections with Jyotiraditya Scindia & Captain Amarinder Singh". Financialexpress. 24 July 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2024.

[8] "The prince who will be king". The Times of India. 5 October 2001. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 7 February 2024.

[9] Chopra, Ria (11 March 2020). "Black Sheep, Saffron Politics: The Colourful History of Scindia". TheQuint. Retrieved 7 February 2024.

[10] "History came to life at the wedding of Chitrangada Raje Scindia and Vikramaditya Singh". India Today. Retrieved 7 February 2024.

[EB-11] "Madhavrao Scindia". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 4 October 2020.

[:0-12] Yadav, Shyamlal (13 March 2020). "The Gwalior dynasty: A short history of the Scindias in Indian politics". The Indian Express. Retrieved 3 April 2023.

[13] Railway Ministers. Irfca. Retrieved on 14 November 2018.

[14] Bhainsrauli village [1]

[15] Madhavrao Scindia Dies In Plane Crash

[16] Goddess Durga Locket

[17] "Madha vrao Sindia killed in plane crash". The Times of India. 1 October 2001. Retrieved 10 March 2013.

[18] "The Scindia Dynasty. Genealogy". Royal Ark. Archived from the original on 10 March 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

[PurushottamShamsher1990-19] JBR, PurushottamShamsher (1990). Shree Teen Haruko Tathya Britanta (in Nepali). Bhotahity, Kathmandu: Vidarthi Pustak Bhandar. ISBN 99933-39-91-1.

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Madhavrao Scindia

Early life

Career

Electoral victories

Ministerial appointments

Opposition Years

Rebellion and return

Death

Styles

Ancestry

Notes

References

Bibliography

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