Maweti–Guarani languages
The Maweti–Guarani languages of Brazil form a branch of the Tupian language family according to
Meira and Drude (2015).[ 1] The branch was originally proposed by Rodrigues (1984),[ 2] and is also accepted by Jolkesky (2016).[ 3]
Classification
Proto-language
Proto-Maweti–Guarani Reconstruction of Maweti–Guarani languages Reconstructed ancestor
Lower-order reconstructions
Reconstruction of Proto-Maweti–Guarani, along with Mawe , Aweti , and Proto-Tupi–Guarani cognates according to Meira and Drude (2015).[ 1]
gloss
Proto-Maweti–Guarani
notes (Proto-Maweti–Guarani)
Maweti
Aweti
Proto-Tupi–Guarani
3SG
*i-
i-
i-
*i-
about
*ete
ete
ete
*ece
agouti
*akuti
akuri
akuzu Ɂjɨt
*akuti
anu bird
*anjũ, *aniũ
ajũ-nɁi
ajũ
*anũ
armadillo
*tjajtju
sahu
tatu-pep
*tatu
ashamed
(*tĩ)
tĩ
–
*tĩ
at/in
*pe
pe
pe
*pe
ax
*kwɨ
ɨwɨ-hap
kɨ
*jɨ
back
*(Ɂ)ape
ape
Ɂape
*ape
be/live
*eko
eko
eko
eko
beans
*kumana
(? – possible borrowing)
kumanã
kumanaɁĩ
*kumana
big
*wat(o/u)
wato
watu
waču
bitter
*rõp
nop
lop
*rop
black
*kwuun
huun
–
*un
blood
*tjuwɨ(k)
suu
uwɨk
*(r)uwɨ
blow
*pekwu
pehu
petu
*peju
bone
*kaŋ
kaŋ
kaŋ
*kaŋ
branch
*tjakã
jãŋã
akã
*(r)akã
burn
*apɨ
apɨ
apɨ
*apɨ
buriti (palm)
(*m(u/i)riti)
(? – possible borrowing, TG > Mawe)
miriti
–
*muriti
chest
*potiɁa
potiɁa
pozɨɁa
*potiɁa
chief
(*morekwat)
(? possible borrowing)
morekwat
morekwat
–
call
*enõj
h-enoj
ejõj
*enõj
cloud
*(ɨwɨ)tjiŋ
ɨwɨ-hiŋ
ɨwɨ-tiŋ
ɨßa-tiŋ
COM .CAUS
*er(o/e)-
er-, ere-
zo-
ero
come
*ut
(u)ut
ut
*ut
cooked
*kwɨp
wɨp
o-kɨp
*jɨp
corn
*aßati
(? – probable borrowing)
awati
awati
*aßati
curassow
*mɨtiũ(ŋ), *mɨtjũ(ŋ)
mɨjũ
mɨtuŋ
mɨtũ
deer
*(ɨ)tɨɨ
–
tɨ-wapat, ɨtɨɨ
die (PL )
*pap
pap
pap
*pap
do
*rj(u/o)ŋ, *nj(u/o)ŋ
nuŋ
juŋ
*ruŋ ~ *roŋ ~ *noŋ (Rodrigues & Dietrich 1997), *noŋ (Mello 2000)
door
*oken
oken-ɨpɨ
oten
*oken
earth
(*Ɂɨj)
Ɂɨj
–
*Ɂɨj
eat
*Ɂu
uɁu
Ɂu
*Ɂu
egg
*upiɁa
upiɁa
n-upiɁa
*upiɁa
enter
*ejke
we-eke
ece
*(e)jkje
exit
*tem
wẽẽ-tem
tem
*čem
eye
*et-tja
(e)ha
(e)ta
eča (Rodrigues and Dietrich 1997), eca (Mello 2000)
face
*(e/o)ßa
(e)wa
owa
*oßa
fall
*Ɂat
aɁat
Ɂat
*Ɂat
father
*tjup
sup
up
*(r)up
feed
*poj
poj
poj
*poj
fetid
*riem, *rjem; (*rem)
nem
jem
*nem ~ *rem
field
*ko
ko
ko
*ko
finger (nail)
*p(uɁ)u(j)ã
puɁujã
puã
*pwã
fire
*atia, *atja
arja
aza
*ata
flat
*peep
peep
ɨwɨ-pep
*pep
flea
*tiuŋ, *tjuŋ
juŋ
tuŋ
*tuŋ
flower
*pojtjɨɨt
i-pohɨɨt
Ɂa-potɨt
*potɨt
foot
*pɨ
pɨ
pɨ
*pɨ
fruit
*Ɂa
Ɂa
Ɂa
*Ɂa
grandfather
*am(õ/ũ)(j)
h-amũ
amũj
*amõj
go
*to
to
to
*co
good
*kajtju
kahu
katu
*katu
hair
*tjap
sap
ap
*(r)ap
hammock
*(Ɂ)(i/ɨ)nĩ
Ɂɨni
Ɂinĩ
*inĩ
hand
*po
po
po
*po
head hair
*Ɂatjap
(from *Ɂa ‘head’ + *tjap ‘hair’)
asap
Ɂap
*Ɂap
heavy
*potɨj
potɨj
potɨj
*pocɨj
hot
*tjakup
sakup
akup
*(r)akup
house
*(tj)ok
sok
ok
*(r)ok
hunger
*tjɨɨɁa(t)
sɨɨɁat
tɨɁa-ßot
kill
(*kwuka)
Ɂa-uka
*juka
leaf
*tjop
ɨ-hop
op
*(r)op
lick
*eereep
eereep
ezep
*erep
lip
*tjẽpe
jẽpe
ẽpe
*(r)eme
louse
*ŋɨp
ŋɨp
Ɂakɨp (from earlier *Ɂa ‘head’ + *kɨp ‘louse’)
*kɨp
manioc
*mani
mani
maniɁok
*maniɁok (cf. Aweti, Tupi-Guarani Ɂok ‘tuber’)
man's daughter
*tjakwiɁɨt
sakiɁɨt
atiɁɨt
*(r)ajɨt
man's sister
*(i/e)nɨt
inɨt
jĩt
*enɨt
man's older brother
*(Ɂ)ɨkeɁɨt
ɁɨkeɁet
ɨtiɁɨt
*ɁɨkeɁɨt
many
*(e)tia, *(e)tja
=-rja
=-za
*eta
medicine
*pot-tjaŋ
pohaŋ
potaŋ
*pocaŋ
moon
*kwaatɨ
waatɨ
tatɨ
*jačɨ
mortar
*(wẽ)kuɁa
wẽkuɁa
ɁẽkuɁa
*ɨŋuɁa
mosquito
*kwatiɁũ
watiɁũ
tazɨɁũ
*jatiɁũ
mother
*tɨ
tɨ
tɨ
*čɨ
neck
*kwut
hut-Ɂɨp [huɁɾɨp]
tur-Ɂɨp [tuɁɾɨp]
*jut
name
*tjet
set
et
*(r)et
navel
*pɨrupɁã
pɨrumɁa
pilup
pɨruɁã (Rodrigues; Dietrich, 1997), pɨruã (Mello, 2000)
OBJ .NZ
*mi-
mi-
mi-
*mipa
in
*tjatɨ
satɨ
atɨ
*(r)ačɨ
pass
*kotjap
kosap
kwap
*kwap
place
*etiam, *etjam
ejam
tam, etam
*etam
pull
*ekɨj
ekɨj
ekɨj
*ekɨj
rain
*ama(a)n
iɁ-ama(a)n
aman
*aman
red
*kwup
hup
tup
*jup
red
(*pɨraŋ)
–
pɨlaŋ
pɨraŋ (perhaps reconstructible only to Proto-Aweti-Guarani)
RFL
*kwe-
we-
te-
*je
root
*tjapo
sapo
apo
*(r)apo
saliva
(*tjẽtɨ)
jẽtɨ-hɨ
–
*(r)enɨ
salt
*kwukɨt
ukɨt
tukɨt
*jukɨt
search
*(i/e)kaat
(i)kaat
(j)kat
*ekat
see/hear
*ẽtup
wan-ẽtup
(ẽ)tup
*enup
seed
*tjaɁĩj
jaɁĩj
aɁĩj
*(r)aɁĩj
seize
*pɨtɨk
pɨtɨk
pɨtɨk
*pɨtɨk
seize
*(j)aat
aat
–
*(j)at
shoot
(*(Ɂ)ɨßõ)
–
Ɂɨwõ
ɨßõ
shoulder
*tj(a/ã)tiɁɨp(i)
jãtiɁɨpɨ
azɨɁɨp
*(r)atɨɁɨp
skin/body
*piit
piit
pit
*pit
slap
(*petek)
petek
–
petek
sleep
*ket
ket
tet
*kjet
smoke
*tjiŋ
ɨ-hiŋ (probably *Ɂɨp ‘tree, wood’ + *tjiŋ)
tiŋ
*tiŋ
snake
*mõj
moj
mõj
*moj
squirrel
(*kutiere, *kutjere)
kutiere
kuceze-Ɂjɨt
–
sweet
*i-tjeɁẽ
heɁẽ
teɁẽ
*čeɁẽ (apparently a lexicalized third-person form)
swim
*ɨjtja(p)
ɨha
ɨta-tap
*ɨtap
termite
*ŋupi
ŋupi-Ɂa
kupi-Ɂa, kupi-Ɂĩ
kupi-Ɂi
tail
*tjuwaj
suwaj-po
uwaj
*(r)uwaj
thick
*anam
iɁ-anam
Ɂajam
*anam
thigh
*Ɂup
Ɂup
Ɂup
*Ɂup
tooth
*tjãj
jãj
ãj
*(r)ãj
tortoise
*kwaßoti
wawori
tawozɨ
*jaßoti
toucan
*tiukan, *tjukan
jũkan
tukan
*tukan
traíra (fish)
(*taraɁɨra)
(? – possible borrowing, TG > Mawe)
taraɁɨra
–
taraɁɨr-a
two
(*mokõj)
–
mokõj
*mokõj
village
(*taaßa)
(? – possible borrowing, TG > Mawe)
taawa
–
*taßa
vulture
*urußu
uruwu
uzuwu
*urußu
wasp
*ŋap
ŋap
kap
*kap
water
*Ɂɨ
ɨɁɨ
Ɂɨ
*Ɂɨ
wind
*ɨßɨt(u)
(? – possible borrowing, TG > Mawe)
ɨwɨtu
ɨwɨt
*ɨßɨtu
woman's son
*mẽpɨt
mẽpɨt
mẽpɨt
*memɨt
For a list of Proto-Maweti-Guarani reconstructions by Corrêa-da-Silva (2013),[ 4] see the corresponding Portuguese article .
References
^ a b Meira, Sérgio and Sebastian Drude (2015). "A preliminary reconstruction of proto-Maweti-Guarani segmental phonology". Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, série Ciências Humanas , 10(2):275-296. doi :10.1590/1981-81222015000200005
^ Rodrigues, Aryon D. Relações internas na família lingüística Tupí-Guaraní. Revista de Antropologia , São Paulo, v. 27/28, p. 33-53, 1984/85.
^ Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho De Valhery. 2016. Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas . Ph.D. dissertation, University of Brasília .
^ Corrêa-da-Silva, Beatriz Carretta (2013). O mundo a partir do léxico: Reconstruindo a realidade social Mawé-Awetí-Tupí-Guaraní. Revista Brasileira De Linguística Antropológica , 5(2), 385-400. https://doi.org/10.26512/rbla.v5i2.16271
Mello, A. A. S. Estudo histórico da família lingüística Tupi-Guarani: aspectos fonológicos e lexicais . Ph.D. dissertation, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Florianópolis , 2000.
Rodrigues, A. D.; Dietrich, W. On the linguistic relationship between Mawe and Tupi-Guarani. Diachronica , v. 14, n. 2, p. 265-304, 1997.