Born in Budapest, Curtiz graduated from Hungary's Royal Academy of Theatre and Art in 1906.[4] After six years as a stage actor and director, he joined the nascent Hungarian film industry.[5] His first film credit was the 1912 drama, Maés Holnap ("Today and Tomorrow").[6] In 1913, after directing several films, Curtiz traveled to Denmark to hone his skills as an apprentice for director August Blom. Returning to Hungary, he became a freelance director for several film companies.[7] In 1919, Curtiz immigrated to Vienna, and became one of Austria's top film directors. His first film there was Die Dame Mit Dem Schwarzen Handschuh ("The Lady with the Black Gloves", 1919), starring his wife, Lucy Doraine.[8] Among his subsequent Austrian films were the two-part epic Sodom and Gomorrah (1922), and Die Sklavenkönigin ("The Slave Queen", 1924). The latter film was released in the United Kingdom as The Moon of Israel. Harry Warner, one of the founders of Warner Bros., instructed his brother, Jack, to view the film. After doing so, they were impressed enough to offer Curtiz a contract to direct in the United States.[9][a]
In the post-war years, Curtiz directed Life with Father (1947), an adaptation of a popular Broadway play, and the film noir The Unsuspected (1948), his first film by his own production company.[15] For his company, he also produced, and directed, Romance on the High Seas (1948), a musical which marked the film debut of Doris Day.[16] Curtiz eventually disbanded his company, and remained a contract director with Warner Bros. until 1954.[17] Among his later films under his Warners contract was another film noir, The Breaking Point, starring John Garfield.[18] After leaving Warner Bros., Curtiz directed White Christmas (1954) for Paramount Pictures, the first film in VistaVision and the highest-grossing film in his career.[19] Also for Paramount, he directed the Elvis Presleyvehicle, King Creole (1958). In 1961, Curtiz directed his final film, The Comancheros, with John Wayne.[20]
For his contribution to cinema, Curtiz was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[21] In the 1998 and 2007 listings of the American Film Institute's Greatest American Films, Casablanca ranked, respectively, in second and third place, while Yankee Doodle Dandy ranked 100 on the first list, and 98 on the second.[22] As of 2018, four films directed by Curtiz have been added to the National Film Registry: The Adventures of Robin Hood, Casablanca, Mildred Pierce, and Yankee Doodle Dandy.[23]
Filmography
The filmography of Michael Curtiz is derived from the one presented in the biography by Alan K. Rode.[24]
Hungarian films: 1912–1913
Michael Curtiz was born Mano Kaminer in Budapest in 1886. In 1906, he graduated from Hungary's Royal Academy of Theatre and Art.[4] Under the stage name of Mihály Kertész, he established himself as a stage actor, performing in classical and modern theatrical dramas. Eventually, he turned to director as well.[25] In 1912, Kertész entered Hungary's motion picture industry, as an actor and director for the Projectograph Film Company. His first film for them was also the company's initial feature.[26] All of Curtiz's films from this period are lost.[27]
In July 1913, Kertész left Hungary, and travelled to Denmark to train as a film director. There, he went to work for the Nordisk Film Company, as an assistant director to August Blom.[29]
Nordisk Films Kompagni Production (Denmark); directed by August Blom; Curtiz played a supporting role in the film, and was also an assistant director; prints survive
After six months in Denmark, Mihály Kertész returned to Hungary. There, he returned as a film director, alternating between the Projectograph, Uher, and Kino-Riport companies.[7] With the coming of World War I in 1914, Kertész was called up by the Austro-Hungarian army, and served as an artillery officer.[31] After being discharged in 1915, he resumed film-making, and married actress Lucy Doraine, who would star in several of his films. In 1917, a new film company, Phönix-Film, was formed by the merger of Projectagraph and Star-Film Productions.[32] Kertész served as their head of production until 1919.[7] Except where noted, all of the films from this period are lost.[27]
In 1919, a communist government was established for a brief time in Hungary.[7] This prompted Kertész to migrate to Austria, where he began working for the Sascha-Film Company. By the end of 1920, he had established himself as the company's top director.[58] As in Hungary, his wife, Lucy Doraine, appeared in several of his Austrian films. They divorced in 1923.[59] Except where noted, the films from this period survive, and were made for the Sascha-Film Company.[27]
Lapa Studios / Corvin Studios; directed Károly Lajthay; David Curtiz (brother of Michael Curtiz) has a supporting role; screenplay by Curtiz; based on the novel by Bram Stoker; lost
American films – the Warner Bros. years: 1926–1953
In 1926, Mihály Kertész accepted an offer from Warner Bros. to come to the United States, and direct films. He arrived that June, and anglicized his name to Michael Curtiz. He would remain at Warners for 28 years. During that time, he directed 87 films, married screenwriterBess Meredyth in 1929, and became an American citizen in 1936.[72] Except where indicated, all of Curtiz's Warner Bros. films survive.
American films – the Warner Bros. years: 1926–1953
In 1954, Curtiz left Warner Bros., and spend the remaining years of his career working for various studios, notably Paramount and 20th Century-Fox.[170] In 1961, during production of his final film, The Comancheros, Curtiz learned that he was suffering from incurable cancer. He died the following year.[171]
^Paramount Pictures bought the rights to Moon of Israel, and held up its American release until 1927. Jack and Harry Warner were able to unearth a print of the film, and, after seeing it, offered Curtiz a contract.[10]
^ abcA sketch film was a short film that was presented as part of a live stage performance.[28]
^The Undesirable has been released on blu-ray by Olive Films.[39]
^Contemporary press notices state that this film was shot in wide-screen. However, contemporary reviews indicate that it was released in standard format.[179]
^Curtiz's nomination was a write-in, and not an official one.[186]
^"The Gamblers". Archived from the original on 11 April 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2021. / "The Gamblers". AFI. Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
^ ab"Academy Awards Database". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 9 January 2021. Note: In the "Award Year(s)" field select "1935 (8th)" from the dropdown list.
^"Academy Awards Database". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 9 January 2021. Note: In the "Award Year(s)" field select "1938 (11th)" from the dropdown list.
^"Academy Awards Database". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 9 January 2021. Note: In the "Award Year(s)" field select "1939 (12th)" from the dropdown list.
^"Academy Awards Database". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 9 January 2021. Note: In the "Award Year(s)" field select "1942 (15th)" from the dropdown list.
^"Academy Awards Database". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 9 January 2021. Note: In the "Award Year(s)" field select "1943 (16th)" from the dropdown list.
^"Academy Awards Database". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 9 January 2021. Note: In the "Award Year(s)" field select "1945 (18th)" from the dropdown list.
^"Academy Awards Database". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 9 January 2021. Note: In the "Award Year(s)" field select "1947 (20th)" from the dropdown list.
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