Temeşvar Eyalet

Province of Temeşvar
Eyâlet-i Tımışvar
Pașalâcul Timișoarei
Temišvarski ejalet
Temesvári vilajet
Province of Temeşvar Eyâlet-i Tımışvar; Pașalâcul Timișoarei; Temišvarski ejalet; Temesvári vilajet
Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire
1552–1716
	; The Temeşvar Province in 1683
Capital	Tımışvar (Timișoara, Romania) 1552-1659 and 1693-1716,; Yanova (Ineu, Romania) 1659-1693
Area
• Coordinates	45°45′N 21°13′E / 45.750°N 21.217°E
History
• Siege of Temesvár	1552
• Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718	1716
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Kingdom of Hungary
Banat of Temeswar
Today part of	Romania; Serbia; Hungary

The Province of Temeşvar (Ottoman Turkish: ;ایالت طمشوار Eyālet-i Tımışvār)^[2] was a first-level administrative unit (eyalet) of the Ottoman Empire. It existed from 1552 to 1716. Provincial administration was centered in Temeşvar (today's Timișoara) from 1552 to 1659, and again from 1693 to 1716. During the 1659-1693 interval, its second capital was Yanova (today's Ineu), and within that period, it was also known as the Province of Yanova. The province was located in the Banat region of Central Europe. Besides Banat, it also included southern parts of the Crișana region, north of the Mureș River. Its territory is now divided between Hungary, Romania, and Serbia.^[3]^[4]^[5]

Names

The name of the province in Ottoman Turkish was Eyâlet-i Temeşvar or Eyâlet-i Tımışvar (in Modern Turkish: Temeşvar Eyaleti or Tamışvar Eyaleti), in Hungarian was Temesvári vilajet, in Romanian was Eialetul Timișoarei or Pașalâcul Timișoara, in Serbian was Темишварски ејалет or Temišvarski ejalet. The province was named after its administrative seat, Temeşvar. The Turkish name Temeşvar is given after the Hungarian one, Temesvár meaning "Castle on the Temes" (River).

History

Upon the initial dissolution of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom in the summer of 1551, much of its territories, including the Temes County and the surrounding regions, were integrated into the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary, thus provoking the reaction of the Ottoman Empire, that invaded the region in the autumn of the same year, taking several cities, but not being able to conquer Temeşvar.^[6]

The Eyalet of Temeşvar was formed in 1552, when the Hungarian castle of Temesvár defended by the troop of István Losonczy was finally captured by the Ottoman troops led by Kara Ahmed Pasha on July 26, 1552.^[7]

The Eyalet was led by a vali (governor) or beylerbey (sometimes with position of pasha or vizir), whose residence was at the former Hunyadi Castle in Temeşvar (1552-1659 and 1693-1716), and also in Yanova (1659-1693).^[1]

It existed until 1716, when its territory was conquered by the Habsburg monarchy during the Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718). In 1718, the Habsburgs formed a new province in this region, named the Banat of Temeswar.^[8]

The Eyalet of Temeşvar and Banate of Lugos and Karansebes in 1568
The Temeşvar Eyalet, mid-17th century
The Eyalet of Temeşvar in 1699
Map from 1700 (Eyalet of Temeşvar depicted in red)

Administrative divisions

Upon creation in 1552, the Eyalet of Temeşvar was divided into these sanjaks:

Sanjak of Tımışvar (Timișoara)
Sanjak of Arad (seat transferred to Güle (Gyula) in 1566, thus being renamed as the Sanjak of Güle)^[3]
Sanjak of Çanad (Cenad, formed by expanding the Sanjak of Beçkerek (Bečkerek/Zrenjanin that was initially created in 1551)^[9]^[10]
Sanjak of Lipva (Lipova)
Sanjak of Modava (Moldova Nouă)

By the end of the 16th century new sanjaks were created:

Sanjak of Pankota (Pâncota, created in 1565, seat transferred to Yanova (Ineu) in c. 1574)^[11]
Sanjak of Orşova (Orșova)

During the 17th century additional sanjaks were created:

Sanjak of Fenlak (Felnac)
Sanjak of Çakova (Ciacova)
Sanjak of Lagoş (Lugoj, created in 1658)
Sanjak of Şebeş (Caransebeș, created in 1658)
Sanjak of Pançova (Pančevo, mentioned in 1695)

Sanjaks of Güle, Yanova and Fenlak, and northern parts of the Çanad and Lipva sanjaks were transferred to Habsburg Monarchy after signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz (1699).

The eyalet consisted of five sanjaks between 1700 and 1701:^[12]

Sanjak of Tımışvar (Paşa Sancağı, Timișoara)
Sanjak of Çanad (Cenad)
Sanjak of Modava (Moldova Veche)
Sanjak of Segedin (Szeged)
Sanjak of Lipova (Lipova)

Note: Before the Treaty of Karlowitz, Sanjak of Segedin was part of the Eğri Eyalet. Most of this sanjak (including its administrative center, Segedin) was transferred to the Habsburg monarchy in 1699. Small eastern part of the sanjak on the left bank of the river Tisa remained within Ottoman Empire.

According to Sancak Tevcih Defteri, the eyalet consisted of six sanjaks between 1701 and 1702:^[12]

Sanjak of Tımışvar (Paşa Sancağı, Timișoara)
Sanjak of Çanad (Cenad)
Sanjak of Şebeş and Lagoş (Caransebeș, Lugoj)
Sanjak of Modava (Moldova Veche)
Sanjak of İrşova or Orşova^[7] (Orșova)
Sanjak of Lipova (Lipova)

The eyalet consisted of three sanjaks between 1707 and 1713:^[12]

Sanjak of Tımışvar (Paşa Sancağı, Timișoara)
Sanjak of Sirem (Syrmia)
Sanjak of Semendire (Smederevo)

Governors

Kazim-bey or Gazi Kasim-pasha (1552–1554)^[13]
Hasan-pasha (1594)^[14]
Sofi Sinan-pasha (1594)^[15]
Hasan-pasha, the younger (1594)^[16]
Mustafa Pasha (fl. July 1594)
Dželalija Hasan-paša (1604–1605)
Ahmed-paša Dugalić (1605–)
Ibrahim-pasha (1687)^[17]
Ibrahim-pasha (1701-)^[18]

References

^ ^a ^b Kolçak 2020, p. 77.
^ "Some Provinces of the Ottoman Empire". Geonames.de. Retrieved 25 February 2013.
^ ^a ^b Dávid 1994, p. 143-162.
^ Dávid 1999, p. 113-128.
^ Kolçak 2020, p. 69-86.
^ Dávid & Fodor 1994.
^ ^a ^b Sadık Müfit Bilge, "Macaristan'da Osmanlı Hakimiyetinin ve İdarî Teşkilatının Kuruluşu ve Gelişmesi", Ankara Üniversitesi Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi (OTAM), Sayı: 11 Sayfa: 033-081, 2000, p. 59. (in Turkish)
^ Dabić 2011, p. 191-208.
^ Káldy-Nagy 2000.
^ Dávid 2000, p. 287.
^ Fodor 1999, p. 67-86.
^ ^a ^b ^c Kılıç 1997, p. 48-49.
^ Milan Tutorov, Banatska rapsodija, Novi Sad, 2001, page 151.
^ Milan Tutorov, Banatska rapsodija, Novi Sad, 2001, page 194.
^ Milan Tutorov, Banatska rapsodija, Novi Sad, 2001, page 195.
^ Milan Tutorov, Banatska rapsodija, Novi Sad, 2001, page 198.
^ Milan Tutorov, Banatska rapsodija, Novi Sad, 2001, page 232.
^ Milan Tutorov, Banatska rapsodija, Novi Sad, 2001, page 249.