USS Enterprise (1874)

	USS Enterprise circa 1890 at the New York Navy Yard.
History
United States
Name	USS Enterprise
Builder	John W. Griffiths
Launched	13 June 1874
Commissioned	16 March 1877
Decommissioned	9 May 1880
Recommissioned	12 January 1882
Decommissioned	21 March 1886
Recommissioned	8 July 1890
Decommissioned	4 May 1909
Fate	Sold 1 October 1909; Burned for Salvage near Boston 1910;
General characteristics
Displacement	1,375 tons
Length	185 ft (56 m)
Beam	35 ft (11 m)
Draft	14 ft 3 in (4.34 m)
Propulsion	Sail and steam
Speed	11 knots (20 km/h)
Complement	184
Armament	1 × 11-inch smoothbore, 4 × 9-inch, 1 × 60-pounder

The fifth USS Enterprise, a barque-rigged screw sloop, was launched 13 June 1874 at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, Maine, US, by John W. Griffiths, a private contractor; and commissioned 16 March 1877, Commander George C. Remey in command. She was later commanded by Bowman H. McCalla around 1890, followed by Commander Albert S. Barker from 1892 to 1896.

Overview

Enterprise's first duty after fitting out at Norfolk, Virginia, took her to the mouth of the Mississippi River for surveying operations. Returning to Norfolk in April 1878, she remained there only briefly, sailing 27 May for surveying duty up the Amazon and Madeira Rivers. On 1 October 1878 off the coast of Pará, Brazil, Seaman Thomas Smith rescued a fellow sailor from drowning, for which he was awarded the Medal of Honor.^[1] This surveying duty completed, she repaired at New York City, then in December 1878 joined the U.S. naval forces in European waters, calling at numerous ports in northern Europe and in the Mediterranean. She returned to the Washington Navy Yard on 9 May 1880 and was placed out of commission.

Recommissioned on 12 January 1882, she cruised the east coast until 1 January 1883 when she sailed on a three-year hydrographic survey that took her completely around the world. During this time, she was commanded by Albert S. Barker. Her findings on this cruise added materially to the knowledge of the oceans, their currents, and their bottoms. During the journey she was a neutral witness of the Battle of Fuzhou on 23 August 1884 during the Sino-French War. Enterprise was decommissioned at New York on 21 March 1886.

Placed back in commission on 4 October 1887, Enterprise sailed from Boston in January 1888 for two years in the waters of Europe, the Mediterranean, and the east coast of Africa, where she showed the flag and looked out for United States' interests. She returned to New York in March 1890 and was decommissioned on 20 May.

Enterprise was again commissioned 8 July 1890, and for the next year operated principally in the Caribbean. From September 1891 until September 1892, she served as training and practice ship at the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland. On 17 October 1892 at Boston, she was lent to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts for duty as a school ship at the Massachusetts Maritime Academy. In that capacity she trained cadets for some 17 years (the current MMA training ship was named USTS Enterprise in honor of her until the name was changed to USTS Kennedy). Returned to the Navy on 4 May 1909, Enterprise was sold on 1 October 1909. The hulk was burned for salvage near Boston in 1910.^[2]