1884 Navy Midshipmen football team

1884 Navy Midshipmen football
1884 Navy Midshipmen football
Conference	Independent
Record	1–0
Head coach	None;
Captain	Jim Kittrell
Home stadium	Western King Field
	Seasons ← 1883 1885 →

1884 college football records
v t e	Conf			Overall
Team	W	L	T	W		L		T
Princeton		–		9	–	0	–	1
Yale		–		8	–	0	–	1
Michigan		–		2	–	0	–	0
Williams		–		2	–	0	–	0
Navy		–		1	–	0	–	0
Wabash		–		1	–	0	–	0
Penn		–		5	–	1	–	1
Fordham		–		5	–	1	–	0
Harvard		–		7	–	4	–	0
Wesleyan		–		3	–	2	–	0
Butler		–		1	–	1	–	0
Columbia		–		1	–	1	–	0
Rutgers		–		3	–	4	–	0
Stevens		–		4	–	5	–	0
Dartmouth		–		1	–	2	–	1
Tufts		–		2	–	4	–	1
Massachusetts		–		1	–	2	–	0
Lafayette		–		2	–	5	–	0
Johns Hopkins		–		1	–	3	–	0
Albion		–		0	–	1	–	0
CCNY		–		0	–	1	–	0
DePauw		–		0	–	1	–	0
Olivet		–		0	–	2	–	0
Amherst		–		0	–	3	–	0
Lehigh		–		0	–	4	–	0

The 1884 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy in the 1884 college football season. The team was the fourth intercollegiate football squad to represent the United States Naval Academy, and was the final time the school played a single-game season. The squad was captained by rusher Jim Kittrell. The team's single game was a 9 to 6 (9–6) defeat of rival-school Johns Hopkins. The season continued a seven-season, eight game rivalry between the Naval Academy and Johns Hopkins. It was the final season that a Naval Academy team would go unbeaten and untied.

Background and prelude

According to biographer C. Douglas Kroll, the first evidence of a form of football at the United States Naval Academy came in 1857, but the school's cadets lost interest in the game shortly afterward.^[1] However, it is widely believed by football researchers that the playing of intercollegiate football began in November 1869, when a player at Rutgers University challenged another player at the nearby College of New Jersey (now Princeton). The contest more closely resembled soccer, with teams scoring by kicking the ball into the opponent's net, and lacked a uniform rules structure.^[2]^[3] The game developed slowly; the first rules were drafted in October 1873, and only consisted of twelve guidelines.^[4] Even though the number of teams participating in the sport increased, the game was still effectively controlled by the College of New Jersey, who claimed eight national championships in ten years. Only Yale presented any form of challenge, claiming four national championships in the same time period.^{[A 1]}^[5]

The Naval Academy's first ever football team was fielded in 1879. The squad was entirely student-operated, receiving no official support from Naval Academy officials. The team was entirely funded by its members and their fellow students.^[6]^[7] The 1879 team participated in just one game, which resulted in a scoreless tie. It was played against the Baltimore Athletic Club, apparently on the Academy superintendent's cow pasture.^[7]^[8] Navy would not field a football team in 1880 or 1881, due to the lack of support from officials.^[6]^[7] When football returned to the academy in 1882, the squad was led by player-coach Vaulx Carter, and won 8–0 in a match with Johns Hopkins, starting the seven-year rivalry between the schools.^[9] The 1883 season resulted in Navy's first ever loss, a 2–0 defeat by Johns Hopkins.^[10]

Schedule

Date	Opponent	Site	Result	Attendance
November 27	Johns Hopkins	Unknown Annapolis, MD^[9] (rivalry)	W 9–6	1000^[11]

Season summary

Navy 9, Johns Hopkins 6

The sole game of Navy's 1884 season was the annual competition against rival Johns Hopkins, the third consecutive playing of the series. In what was the final season where the rivalry was the only game of the year, Navy defeated Johns Hopkins 9–6.^[12] The game, played on November 27, was hosted by the Academy, likely on an unused drill or parade field.^[8] In an unusual agreement between the two schools, the contest was played entirely under rugby rules. In the first half, Hopkins scored twice, on a touchdown from Mr. Bonsall and on a two-point safety. Navy scored twice in the second half of the game, when halfback Julius Dashiell, brother of Hopkins' Paul Dashiell, kicked a five-point goal and rusher David W. Taylor scored a touchdown to secure a victory.^[13]

The game was somewhat marred by one of the players suffering a broken collarbone and another spraining an ankle.^[14]

Players

The 1884 Naval Academy team was made up of eleven players at four different positions. The squad consisted of seven rushers, one fullback, two halfbacks, and a quarterback:^[13]

Rushers

Cornelius Billings
Buell Franklin
Jim Kittrell (capt.)
Bill Miller
Fred Moore
Clarence Stone
Dave Taylor

Fullbacks

Joe Ricketts

Halfbacks

Julius Dashiell
Pat McGuinness

Quarterback

George Slocum

Postseason and aftermath

The first postseason college football game was not played until 1902, with the Pasadena Tournament of Roses' establishment of the east–west tournament game, later known as the Rose Bowl.^[15] The Midshipmen did not participate in their first Rose Bowl until the 1923 season, when they went 5–1–2 and tied with the Washington Huskies 14–14 in the match.^[16] As a result of the lack of a competition, there were no postseason games played after the 1882 season. According to statistics compiled by the National Championship Foundation, Parke Davis, and the Helms Athletic Foundation, Yale was declared the 1884 season champion. However, the Billingsley college football research center and Parke Davis also selected Princeton as the 1884 national champions.^[5]

The 1884 win over Johns Hopkins brought the Naval Academy's overall win–loss record to positive, as well as once again giving the Midshipmen a lead over Hopkins in their rivalry. The season marked the final time a team for the Naval Academy would play a single-game season. In 1885, their schedule was expanded to three games. It also marked the final time a Navy team finished a season unbeaten and untied; the closest a squad would come was in 1926, when they went 9–0–1. Navy finished the 1880s with four winning seasons, and an overall record of 14–12–2. The school outscored their opponents 292–231, and finished the 19th century with an overall record of 54–19–3.^[12]^[13]

References

Notes

^ Multiple teams were selected as national champion in several different seasons. Between 1869 and 1880, there were only four years when one team was selected as national champion by all selectors.

Footnotes

^ Kroll (2002), p. 14
^ Schlabach, Mark (2013). "Rutgers Scarlet Knights–Nov. 6, 1869". NCAA Football. ESPN.com. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
^ PFRA Research, "No Christian End!", p. 2
^ PFRA Research, "No Christian End!", p. 3
^ ^a ^b NCAA (2009), p. 78
^ ^a ^b United States Naval Academy staff (1879). "Navy's First Football Squad". The Team of 1879. United States Naval Academy. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c Patterson (2000), p. 21
^ ^a ^b Kiland and Howren (2007), p. 191
^ ^a ^b Staff (2013). "1880-1884 Yearly Results". Navy History–Yearly Results. College Football Data Warehouse. Archived from the original on December 14, 2013. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
^ Bealle (1951), p. 10
^ "The Day at the Naval Academy". Evening Capital. Annapolis, Maryland. November 28, 1884. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
^ ^a ^b Naval Academy Athletic Association (2005), p. 154
^ ^a ^b ^c Bealle (1951), p. 11
^ "Thanksgiving Observances". Daily Republican. Wilmington, Delaware. November 28, 1884. p. 1. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
^ Staff (2005). "Tournament of Roses History". Pasadena Tournament of Roses. Pasadena Tournament of Roses. Archived from the original on January 2, 2007. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
^ Eckersall, Walter (January 2, 1924). "Annual East–West Football Battle Ends In 14–14 Tie". The Detroit Free Press. p. 16. ISSN 1055-2758.

Bibliography

Bealle, Morris Allson (1951). "1884". Gangway for Navy: The Story of Football At United States Naval Academy, 1879-1950. Washington, D.C.: Columbia Publishing Company. OCLC 1667386.
Kiland, Taylor Baldwin; Howren, Jamie (2007). A Walk in the Yard: A Self-Guided Tour of the U.S. Naval Academy. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute. ISBN 978-1-59114-436-6. OCLC 72799100.
Kroll, C. Douglas (2002). "The Cadet Years". Commodore Ellsworth P. Bertholf: First Commandant of the Coast Guard. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-474-1.
Naval Academy Athletic Association (2005). "Navy: Football History" (PDF). 2005 Navy Midshipmen Football Media Guide. United States Naval Academy Athletics. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 24, 2012. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
Football Bowl Subdivision Records (PDF). 2009 NCAA Division I Football Records (Record book). National Collegiate Athletic Association. 2009. National Poll Champions. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
Patterson, Ted (2000). Football in Baltimore: History and Memorabilia. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-6424-0.
PFRA Research. "No Christian End! The Beginnings of Football in America" (PDF). The Journey to Camp: The Origins of American Football to 1889. Professional Football Researchers Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 11, 2014. Retrieved August 4, 2014.