Aigio is the second largest city in Achaea after Patras. The municipal unit has an area of 151.101 km2.[3] It has a population of around 26,000 while the municipality has about 49,000 inhabitants. Aigio is a port town on the Gulf of Corinth, and takes its name from the ancient city of Aegium.
Geography
The southwestern part of the municipality consists of the foothills of Panachaiko mountain. The river Selinountas flows into the Gulf of Corinth in Valimitika, 5 km east of Aigio town centre.
After the disaster of Helike, which was destroyed by an earthquake and buried by a tsunami in 373 BC, Aigion took the territory of the neighbouring city. The ruins of Helike were discovered in 2000 off the coast in the Corinthian Gulf. They are sometimes associated with Plato's Atlantis myth.[4] Archeologists are excavating the site.
From 330 BC, Aigion was for fifty years under the Kingdom of Macedon. Around the year 275 BC, the people expelled the Macedonian garrison and the city joined the new Achaean League. With the famous temple of Zeus Homarios, Aigion became the Achaean assembly place. It remained their capital until the Roman conquest in 146 BC. After the annexation of Achaia, the Romans removed the wall of the city and Aegium lost its importance.
Byzantine era
After the division of the Roman Empire in 395 AD, Aegium became a part of the Eastern Roman Empire and later the Byzantine Empire. In 805 it was captured by Slavic tribes during the Slavic invasions. Probably between 9th and 13th century it was renamed to Vostitsa (Βοστίτσα). In the Chronicle of the Morea (14th century), it is first mentioned with this new name. During the following centuries, the name is found in various documents having different spelling forms such as Bostizza, Ligustizza, Bostitza, Bostiza, Vostizza.
Some scholars interpret the name as having a Slavic origin. The German linguist and Slavicist Max Vasmer gives two possible interpretations,[5] one from the word Voščica (Voštane, slaven. Vošče) and one from the word ovoštь, meaning "fructus" or "garden". Dionysios Zakythinos, a Greek scholar of Byzantium, gives a similar interpretation, explaining the name as meaning "fruit-bearing place".[6]
Christos Coryllos, in his detailed "Description of Greece", had given another interpretation. He writes that after the plague epidemic, numerous Avar or Slav shepherds migrated to this area. One of their leaders had the name "Vostitzas", from whom the town later took its name.[7]
19th-century German writer Joseph Baron Ow, in his book Die Abstammung der Griechen und die Irrthümer und Täuschungen des Dr. Ph. Fallmerayer,[8] written in 1846, gives a completely different interpretation. He writes that the name Bostiza is a diminutive form (typical in Greek language) of the word Bosta, which comes from the French word Bastion (middle French Bastillon). From Βosta was derived the word Bostan/Bostani, which is common in the Greek and Turkish languages, and means garden (other linguists believe that Bosta is of Persian origin).
In July 1822, at Akrata, near the town, a force of Greek fighters under Londos, Zaimis and Petimezas surrounded and attacked a group of 4000 Turks marching to Patras, after their defeat at the Battle of Dervenakia. Only a few Turks were lucky to escape when Yusuf Pasha sent ships to take them to Patras.
After Greek Independence, the town was officially renamed to its ancient name.
Modern era
On June 15, 1995, a serious earthquake destroyed many buildings and damaged roads in the downtown and southwestern sections,[9] with a number of casualties. The earthquake shattered Aigio: small memorials are found throughout the city, with candles aglow day and night to remember the victims.
With drought heightening risk, the mountainous countryside near Aigio was severely damaged by the 2007 Greek forest fires.[10] Climate change has increased temperature extremes and other fires have broken out in years since.
The church of Panagia Tripiti is a notable attraction. It is a national sacred shrine dedicated to the Theotokos, God-bearer or Mother of God, the Life Giving Spring. It is built on a steep cliff almost 30 meters high, near to sea, in a landscape full of cypresses and pine trees.
The church of Panagia Faneromeni (inaugurated in 1914), which is the cathedral of Aigio, is the work of Saxon-Greek architect Ernst Ziller. The interior is decorated with paintings of Constantine Fanelis.
The Archaeological Museum of Aigio is housed in the former municipal market of Aigio. It also was designed by architect Ernst Ziller and was built in 1890.
Ypsila Alonia Square, the central square of the town. In the square there is the neogothic Tower of Ypsila Alonia, which now houses a cafeteria
The beach promenade
Plateia Agias Lavras is also a square in the centre of the town, and is lined with neoclassical houses and shops
Transport
View of the new railway station of Aigion and the works of laying the railway tracks
Until May 2011, a ferry served the port of Aigio, connecting it to the north-eastern mainland city of Agios Nikolaos (not to be confused with the Cretan city of the same name). The ferry service was limited, with three ferries daily. The trip was 45 minutes long. In May 2011, the shipping company that operated the ferry announced that it was suspending the ferry because of financial reasons.[11] In 2019 plans for an electric ferry were announced.[12]
The port also has railroad tracks, but the Hellenic Railways Organisation (OSE) announced suspension of service in Aigio and across the Peloponnese in January 2011.[13][14]
As of 2020, a new double standard-gauge railway line connects Aigio with Kiato and Athens. The new Aigio railway station was built at the east outskirts of the city. It opened in 22 June 2020, and a few days later it was inaugurated by the minister of transportation of Greece.[15]
Port of Aigio, View of the new pierPort of Aigio, old pierView from the sea
Aigio, along with Patras and Piraeus, has been one of the main export hubs for Corinthian raisins since the 19th century.[16] In the book Geography of Greece - Achaia (1903) by Christos Coryllos,[17] it is mentioned that the area of Aigio produced 7.5-10 million Kgs of raisins and 600 thousand kgs of olive oil annually. Today the port is used as a fruit import hub for Chiquita Brands International, mainly for the importation of bananas.[18]
A new 256 m-long pier northwest of the existing port was inaugurated on 7 August 2013. The whole project cost 8.6 million Euros and is intended to enhance trade and tourism opportunities for the city.[19][20]
Aigio houses two branch departments of the Technological Educational Institute of Patras, the department of Physiotherapy and the Optics and Optometry department.[21]
The Aigio General Hospital is situated a few kilometres out of the town and has a capacity of 100 beds. The Hospital performs the greatest number of laparoscopic surgeries in Greece, while more than 50,000 people are examined on a yearly basis.[22]
Sports
Aigio has a football stadium called "Municipal Stadium of Aigion", which has a capacity of ~7,000 (4,500 seats).[23] It was built in 1951 and was last renovated in 1999. For many years Aigio lacked basic facilities for water sports such as swimming or water polo. A new outdoor swimming pool was completed in January 2018.[24]
Subdivisions
The municipal unit Aigio is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets):
Hermes Pan (1909-1990, original surname Panagiotopoulos), American dancer and choreographer who collaborated with Fred Astaire on his film musicals; Pan's father emigrated from Aigio and he maintained ties with family here
^Stewart, Iain (25 October 2000). "Echoes of Atlantis". Theguardian.com. Archived from the original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2017 – via The Guardian.
^Max Vasmer: Die Slawen in Griechenland. Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1941.
^Διονύσιος Α. Ζακυθηνός, Οι Σλάβοι εν Ελλάδι. Συμβολαί εις τήν Ίστορίαν τοϋ Μεσαιωνικού Ελληνισμού. Αετός, Αθήναι 1945: "Βοστίτσα: Τόπος οπωροφόρος".
^Journal of Geodynamics Vol. 26, Issues 2-4, 1998, Pages 487-499
"Egio earthquake (15 June 1995): An episode in the neotectonic evolution of Corinthiakos Gulf"