Airbus A319

Airbus A319
Airbus A319
	The A319 is a shorter Airbus A320, keeping its low wing, underwing twinjet configuration
General information
Type	Narrow-body jet airliner
National origin	Multinational
Manufacturer	Airbus
Status	In service
Primary users	American Airlines EasyJet ; United Airlines ; Delta Air Lines
Number built	1,503 as of July 2024
History
Manufactured	1994–2021 (A319ceo); 2017–present (A319neo);
Introduction date	1996 with Swissair
First flight	25 August 1995
Developed from	Airbus A320
Variants	Airbus A318
Developed into	Airbus A319neo

The Airbus A319 is a member of the Airbus A320 family of short- to medium-range, narrow-body, commercial passenger twin-engine jet airliners manufactured by Airbus.^[b] The A319 carries 124 to 156 passengers and has a maximum range of 3,700 nmi (6,900 km; 4,300 mi).^[2] Final assembly of the aircraft takes place in Hamburg, Germany and Tianjin, China.

The A319 is a shortened-fuselage variant of the Airbus A320 and entered service in April 1996 with Swissair, around two years after the stretched Airbus A321 and eight years after the original A320. The aircraft shares a common type rating with all other Airbus A320 family variants, allowing existing A320 family pilots to fly the aircraft without the need for further training.

In December 2010, Airbus announced a new generation of the A320 family, the A320neo (new engine option).^[3] The similarly shortened fuselage A319neo variant offers new, more efficient engines, combined with airframe improvements and the addition of winglets, named "sharklets" by Airbus. The aircraft promises fuel savings of up to 15%. The A319neo sales are much lower than other A320neo variants, with around 1% of orders by June 2020.

As of July 2024^[update], a total of 1,503 Airbus A319 aircraft have been delivered, of which 1,328 are in service. In addition, another 50 airliners are on firm order (comprising 2 A319ceo and 48 A319neo). American Airlines is the largest operator with 133 A319ceo in its fleet.^[1]

Development

Background

The first member of the A320 family was the A320 which was launched in March 1984 and first flew on 22 February 1987.^[4] The family was extended to include the stretched A321 (first delivered 1994), the shortened A319 (1996), and the further shortened A318 (2003). The A320 family pioneered the use of digital fly-by-wire flight control systems, as well as side stick controls, in commercial aircraft. The A319 was developed at the request of Steven Udvar-Hazy, the former president and CEO of ILFC according to The New York Times.^[5]

Origins and design

The A319 design is a shortened fuselage, minimum change derivative of the A320 with its origins in the 130- to 140-seat SA1, part of the Single-Aisle studies.^[6] The SA1 was shelved as the consortium concentrated on its bigger siblings. After healthy sales of the A320/A321, Airbus re-focused on what was then known as the A320M-7, meaning A320 minus seven fuselage frames.^[7] It would provide direct competition for the 737-300/-700.^[6] The shrink was achieved through the removal of four fuselage frames fore and three aft the wing, cutting the overall length by 3.73 metres (12 ft 3 in).^[2]^[8]^[9] Consequently, the number of overwing exits was reduced from four to two. High-density A319s, such as 156-seat aircraft used by EasyJet, retain four overwing exits.^[10] The bulk-cargo door was replaced by an aft container door, which can take in reduced height LD3-45 containers.^[9] Minor software changes were made to accommodate the different handling characteristics; otherwise the aircraft is largely unchanged. Power is provided by the CFM56-5A or V2500-A5, derated to 98 kN (22,000 lbf), with option for 105 kN (24,000 lbf) thrust.^[11]

With virtually the same fuel capacity as the A320-200 and fewer passengers, the range with 124 passengers in a two-class configuration extends to 6,650 km (3,590 nmi), or 6,850 km (3,700 nmi) with the "Sharklets".^[2] The A319's wingspan is wider than the aircraft's overall length.

Production and testing

Airbus began offering the new model from 22 May 1992, and the A319's first customer was ILFC, who signed for six aircraft.^[12] Anticipating further orders by Swissair and Alitalia, Airbus launched the $275 million (€250 million) programme on 10 June 1993.^[9]^[12]^[13] On 23 March 1995, the first A319 underwent final assembly at Airbus's German plant in Hamburg, where the A321s are also assembled. It was rolled out on 24 August 1995, with the maiden flight the following day.^[14] The certification programme took 350 airborne hours involving two aircraft; certification for the CFM56-5B6/2-equipped variant was granted in April 1996, and the qualification for the V2524-A5 started the following month.^[15]

Delivery of the first A319, to Swissair, took place on 25 April 1996, entering service by month's end.^[15] In January 1997, an A319 broke a record during a delivery flight by flying 3,588 nautical miles (6,645 km) on the great circle route to Winnipeg, Manitoba from Hamburg, in 9 hours 5 minutes.^[15] The A319 has proved popular with low-cost airlines such as EasyJet, with 172 delivered.^[1]

A total of 1,484 of the A319ceo (current engine option) model have been delivered.^[1]

Variants

A319CJ

The A319CJ (rebranded ACJ319 "Elegance") is the corporate jet version of the A319. It incorporates removable extra fuel tanks (up to six additional Center Tanks) which are installed in the cargo compartment, and an increased service ceiling of 12,500 m (41,000 ft).^[16] Range with eight passengers' payload and auxiliary fuel tanks (ACTs) is up to 6,000 nautical miles (11,100 km).^[17]^[18] Upon resale, the aircraft can be reconfigured as a standard A319 by removing its extra tanks and corporate cabin outfit, thus maximising its resale value. It was formerly also known as the ACJ, or Airbus Corporate Jet, while starting with 2014 it has the marketing designation ACJ319.^{[citation needed]}

The aircraft seats up to 39 passengers, but may be outfitted by the customers into any configuration. Tyrolean Jet Service Nfg. GmbH & CO KG, MJET and Reliance Industries are among its users. The A319CJ competes with other ultralarge-cabin corporate jets such as the Boeing 737-700-based Boeing Business Jet (BBJ) and Embraer Lineage 1000, as well as with large-cabin and ultralong-range Gulfstream G650, Gulfstream G550 and Bombardier's Global 6000. It is powered by the same engine types as the A320. The A319CJ was used by the Escadron de Transport, d'Entraînement et de Calibration which is in charge of transportation for France's officials and also by the Flugbereitschaft of the German Air Force for transportation of Germany's officials. An ACJ serves as a presidential or official aircraft of Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Brazil, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary (Hungarian Air Force 604, 605),^{[citation needed]} Italy,^[19] Malaysia, Slovakia, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, and Venezuela.

Starting from 2014, a modularized cabin version of the ACJ319, known as "Elegance", is also available. It is said to be able to lower cost and ease reconfiguration.^[20]

A319LR

The A319LR is the longer-range version of the A319. The typical range of the A319LR is increased up to 4,500 nautical miles (8,300 km) compared to the standard A319. Qatar Airways was the launch customer, receiving two A319-100LRs,^[21] PrivatAir received two A319LRs in 2003,^[22] and Eurofly acquired two in 2005.^[23]

A319neo

The A319neo is the shortest variant of the Airbus A320neo family of airliners developed since December 2010 by Airbus,^[24] with the suffix "neo" meaning "new engine option". It is the last step of the A320 Enhanced (A320E) modernisation programme, which was started in 2006. The A319neo replaces the original A319, which is now referred to as A319ceo, for "current engine option".

In addition to the new engines, the modernisation programme also included such improvements as: aerodynamic refinements, large curved winglets (sharklets), weight savings, a new aircraft cabin with larger hand luggage spaces, and an improved air purification system.^[25]^[26] Customers will have a choice of either the CFM International LEAP-1A or the Pratt & Whitney PW1100G engines.

These improvements in combination are predicted to result in 15% lower fuel consumption per aircraft, 8% lower operating costs, reduced noise production, and a reduction of nitrogen oxide (NO_x) emissions by at least 10% compared to the A320 series, as well as an increase in range of approximately 500 nautical miles (900 km).^[27]

The A319neo is the least popular variant of the Airbus A320neo family, with total orders for only 61 aircraft placed as of 30 September 2023, compared with 4,234 for the A320neo and 5,422 for the A321neo.^[1]

Military variants

A319 MPA

The Airbus A319 MPA (Maritime Patrol Aircraft) is a military derivative of the Airbus A319. Development was announced in 2018^[28] by Airbus Defence and Space^[29] to compete against the Boeing P-8 Poseidon, which is a derivative aircraft of the Boeing 737 manufactured in the United States.

A319 OH

The new observation platform A319OH which means "Offener Himmel" (meaning "Open Sky") is equipped with electro-optical sensors, an EO-S/digital camera and an infrared sensor (IR-S). It is based on an A319CJ from Lufthansa Technik.^[30]

This aircraft is designed for the German Air Force which uses it to perform surveillance missions as part of the Treaty on Open Skies. Twenty missions are planned every year by the German Air Force, and it is offered for lease by to other countries who want to conduct such mission without the appropriate equipment.

Operators

As of August 2024^[update], 1,287 Airbus A319 aircraft (1268 ceo+19 neo) were in service with 87 operators, with American Airlines and EasyJet operating the largest A319 fleets of 133 and 90 aircraft respectively. The A319 is the most popular variant of the Airbus A320 family to be operated by governments and as executive and private jets, with 76 aircraft in operation in these capacities as of 2024.^[1]

Orders and deliveries

	Orders		Deliveries
Type	Total	Backlog	Total	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016
A319ceo	1,486	2	1,484	—	—	—	2	3	4	8	3	4
A319neo	67	48	19	2	7	6	2	—	2	—	—	—
(A319)	(1,553)	(50)	(1,503)	(2)	(7)	(6)	(4)	(3)	(6)	(8)	(3)	(4)

Deliveries
Type	2015	2014	2013	2012	2011	2010	2009	2008	2007	2006	2005	2004	2003	2002	2001	2000	1999	1998	1997	1996
A319ceo	24	34	38	38	47	51	88	98	105	137	142	87	72	85	89	112	88	53	47	18
A319neo	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
(A319)	(24)	(34)	(38)	(38)	(47)	(51)	(88)	(98)	(105)	(137)	(142)	(87)	(72)	(85)	(89)	(112)	(88)	(53)	(47)	(18)

Data as of August 2024^[update].^[1]

Accidents and incidents

As of May 2022, there have been 23 aviation accidents and incidents involving the Airbus A319,^[31] including five hull-loss accidents.^[32] No fatal accidents have been recorded involving the aircraft type.^[33]

Preserved aircraft

Registration	Model	Build date	First flight	Last flight	Operator	Location	Status	Notes	Refs.
I-EEZQ	A319-112	1996	April 26th, 1996	September 2011	Swissair Swiss Mexicana Wilmington Trust Company Celestair Air Burkina Air Ivoire Meridiana Fly	Kirklees College, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England	On static display	Named "Bachenbülach" by Swissair. Named "Vancouver" by Mexicana. Preserved as a Cabin Trainer.	^{[citation needed]}
5N-FND	A319-113	1997	January 13th, 1997	August 17th, 2016	Air Inter Europe Air France Wind Jet First Nation Airways	Supreme Continental Hotels and Resort, Ilora, Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria	On static display	Named "Endurance" by First Nation Airways. Preserved as a restaurant.	^{[citation needed]}
CS-TTE	A319-111	1998	April 23rd, 1998	November 24th, 2020	TAP Air Portugal	Cardington Studios, Cardington, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom	On static display	Named "Francisco d’Ollanda". Preserved as a prop at Cardington Studios.	^{[citation needed]}

Specifications

**Airbus A319**^[2]
Cockpit crew	Two
Exit limit	160^[34] / 150^[35]
1-class max. seating	156 at 28–30 in (71–76 cm) pitch^[36]
1-class, typical	134 at 32 in (81 cm) pitch^[36]
2-class, typical	124 (8F @ 38 in, 116Y @ 32 in)^[36]
Cargo capacity	27.7 m³ (980 cu ft)
Unit load devices	4× LD3-45
Length	33.84 m (111 ft 0 in)
Wheelbase	11.04 m (36 ft 3 in)
Track	7.59 m (24 ft 11 in)
Wingspan	35.8 m (117 ft 5 in) ^[c]
Wing area	122.4 m² (1,318 sq ft)^[37]
Wing sweepback	25 degrees^[37]
Tail height	11.76 m (38 ft 7 in)
Cabin width	3.70 m (12 ft 2 in)
Fuselage width	3.95 m (13 ft 0 in)
Fuselage height	4.14 m (13 ft 7 in)
Operating empty weight (OEW)	40.8 t (90,000 lb)
Maximum zero-fuel weight (MZFW)	58.5 t (129,000 lb)
Maximum landing weight (MLW)	62.5 t (138,000 lb)
Maximum takeoff weight (MTOW)	75.5 t (166,000 lb)
Cruising speed	Mach 0.78 (829 km/h; 515 mph)^[38]
Maximum speed	Mach 0.82 (871 km/h; 541 mph)
Range, typical payload^[d]	3,750 nmi (6,940 km; 4,320 mi)^[c]
ACJ range	6,000 nmi (11,100 km; 6,900 mi)^[39]
Takeoff (MTOW, SL, ISA)	1,850 m (6,070 ft)^[39]
Landing (MLW, SL, ISA)	1,360 m (4,460 ft)^[39]
Fuel capacity	24,210–30,190 L (6,400–7,980 US gal)
Service ceiling	39,100–41,000 ft (11,900–12,500 m)^[34]
Engines (×2)	CFM56-5B, 68.3 in (1.73 m) fan IAE V2500A5, 63.5 in (1.61 m) fan
Thrust (×2)	98–120 kN (22,000–27,000 lb_f)

Engines

Aircraft Model	Certification Date	Engines^[34]
A319-111	10 April 1996	CFM56-5B5 or 5B5/P
A319-112	10 April 1996	CFM56-5B6 or 5B6/P or 5B6/2P
A319-113	31 May 1996	CFM56-5A4 or 5A4/F
A319-114	31 May 1996	CFM56-5A5 or 5A5/F
A319-115	30 July 1999	CFM56-5B7 or 5B7/P
A319-131	18 December 1996	IAE Model V2522-A5
A319-132	18 December 1996	IAE Model V2524-A5
A319-133	30 July 1999	IAE Model V2527M-A5

Notes

^ The Airbus A319 is built in Hamburg, Germany and Tianjin, China
^ Airbus was originally a consortium of European aerospace companies named, Airbus Industrie, and is now fully owned by Airbus, originally named EADS. Airbus' name has been Airbus SAS since 2001.
^ ^a ^b with sharklets
^ Passengers and bags

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "Airbus orders and deliveries (updated monthly)". airbus.com. 31 July 2024. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "A319 Dimensions & key data". Airbus. Archived from the original on 15 February 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
^ "Airbus offers new fuel saving engine options for A320 Family". Airbus. 1 December 2010. Archived from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
^ Norris & Wagner 1999, p. 50
^ Wayne, Leslie (10 May 2007). "The Real Owner of All Those Planes". The New York Times. p. 2. Archived from the original on 15 May 2013. Retrieved 4 March 2011.
^ ^a ^b Norris & Wagner 1999, p. 53
^ Eden 2008, p. 26
^ "Specifications Airbus A320". Airbus. Archived from the original on 24 January 2012. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c Moxon, Henley (30 August 1995). "Meeting demands". Flight International. Archived from the original on 22 June 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
^ Beynon-Davis, Paul (2013). eBusiness. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 341.
^ Henley, Peter. "A319 flight test". Flight International. Archived from the original on 22 June 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2011.
^ ^a ^b Norris & Wagner 1999, p. 54
^ Gunston 2009, p. 216
^ Eden 2008, p. 27
^ ^a ^b ^c Norris & Wagner 1999, p. 55
^ "Aircraft Families – Airbus Executive and Private Aviation – ACJ Family". Stagev4.airbus.com. Archived from the original on 29 May 2007. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
^ ACJ Specifications Archived 8 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine , airbus.com
^ "ACJ Analysis" Business & Commercial Aviation Magazine – July 2002, Page 44
^ "Il portale dell'Aeronautica Militare – Airbus A319CJ". Archived from the original on 10 January 2015. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
^ "ABACE: Airbus unveils modular option for ACJ319". 14 April 2014. Archived from the original on 27 December 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
^ Wastnage, Justin, ed. (18 March 2003). "PrivatAir and Qatar opt for long-range A319s". Flight International. Archived from the original on 31 March 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
^ "PrivatAir receives its first Airbus A319". Airbus. Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
^ "Eurofly Orders Airbus A319 Long Range Aircraft". Archived from the original on 21 December 2016.
^ "Airbus A320 (A320ceo and A320neo) Aircraft family". Airbus.com. 3 March 2013. Archived from the original on 3 March 2013. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
^ "Pictures: Airbus aims to thwart Boeing's narrowbody plans with upgraded 'A320 Enhanced'". Flight International. 20 June 2006. Archived from the original on 29 December 2018. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
^ "Avianca takes delivery of Sharklet equipped A320". Airbus.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
^ "A320neo family information, Maximum benefit and minimum change". Airbus.com. 1 July 2011. Archived from the original on 3 March 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
^ Airbus evaluates an A320neo multi-mission version on YouTube
^ "A319 MPA Maritime Patrol Aircraft". Archived from the original on 14 April 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
^ "Germany certifies A319 OH Open Skies aircraft". Janes.com. 6 October 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
^ "Accident list: Airbus A319". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
^ "Accident list: Airbus A319". Retrieved 12 May 2022.
^ Ranter, Harro (20 June 2020). "Airbus A319 Statistics". aviation-safety.net. Archived from the original on 16 September 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Type Certificate Data Sheet" (PDF). EASA. 28 June 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2016.
^ "Type Certificate Data Sheet" (PDF). FAA. 12 August 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c "All About the Airbus A320 Family". Airbus. 2009. Archived from the original on 11 September 2016. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
^ ^a ^b "Airbus Aircraft Data File". Civil Jet Aircraft Design. Elsevier. July 1999. Archived from the original on 27 January 2017. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
^ "A320 Family Technology". Airbus. Archived from the original on 3 April 2016. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c "ACJ319". Airbus. Archived from the original on 25 November 2016.

Sources

Eden, Paul E., ed. (2008). Civil Aircraft Today. London: Amber Books. ISBN 978-1-905704-86-6.
Gunston, Bill (2009). Airbus: The Complete Story. Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK: Haynes Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84425-585-6.
Norris, Guy; Wagner, Mark (1999). Airbus. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7603-0677-2.

External links

Official website

[1] The Airbus A319 is built in Hamburg, Germany and Tianjin, China

[3] Airbus was originally a consortium of European aerospace companies named, Airbus Industrie, and is now fully owned by Airbus, originally named EADS. Airbus' name has been Airbus SAS since 2001.

[sharklets-39] with sharklets

[42] Passengers and bags

[Airbus_O&D-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "Airbus orders and deliveries (updated monthly)". airbus.com. 31 July 2024. Retrieved 5 August 2024.

[A319_specifications-4] "A319 Dimensions & key data". Airbus. Archived from the original on 15 February 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2016.

[5] "Airbus offers new fuel saving engine options for A320 Family". Airbus. 1 December 2010. Archived from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2011.

[6] Norris & Wagner 1999, p. 50

[7] Wayne, Leslie (10 May 2007). "The Real Owner of All Those Planes". The New York Times. p. 2. Archived from the original on 15 May 2013. Retrieved 4 March 2011.

[N&W_p.53-8] Norris & Wagner 1999, p. 53

[9] Eden 2008, p. 26

[A320_specifications-10] "Specifications Airbus A320". Airbus. Archived from the original on 24 January 2012. Retrieved 13 February 2012.

[Meeting_demand-11] Moxon, Henley (30 August 1995). "Meeting demands". Flight International. Archived from the original on 22 June 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2011.

[12] Beynon-Davis, Paul (2013). eBusiness. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 341.

[13] Henley, Peter. "A319 flight test". Flight International. Archived from the original on 22 June 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2011.

[N&W_p.54-14] Norris & Wagner 1999, p. 54

[Gunston_2009_216-15] Gunston 2009, p. 216

[16] Eden 2008, p. 27

[N&W_p.55-17] Norris & Wagner 1999, p. 55

[a319cjceiling-18] "Aircraft Families – Airbus Executive and Private Aviation – ACJ Family". Stagev4.airbus.com. Archived from the original on 29 May 2007. Retrieved 9 July 2012.

[19] ACJ Specifications Archived 8 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine , airbus.com

[20] "ACJ Analysis" Business & Commercial Aviation Magazine – July 2002, Page 44

[21] "Il portale dell'Aeronautica Militare – Airbus A319CJ". Archived from the original on 10 January 2015. Retrieved 26 December 2014.

[22] "ABACE: Airbus unveils modular option for ACJ319". 14 April 2014. Archived from the original on 27 December 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2016.

[23] Wastnage, Justin, ed. (18 March 2003). "PrivatAir and Qatar opt for long-range A319s". Flight International. Archived from the original on 31 March 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2017.

[24] "PrivatAir receives its first Airbus A319". Airbus. Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2019.

[25] "Eurofly Orders Airbus A319 Long Range Aircraft". Archived from the original on 21 December 2016.

[A320ceo_+_A320neo_family_information-26] "Airbus A320 (A320ceo and A320neo) Aircraft family". Airbus.com. 3 March 2013. Archived from the original on 3 March 2013. Retrieved 21 April 2013.

[enh1-27] "Pictures: Airbus aims to thwart Boeing's narrowbody plans with upgraded 'A320 Enhanced'". Flight International. 20 June 2006. Archived from the original on 29 December 2018. Retrieved 8 July 2013.

[enh2-28] "Avianca takes delivery of Sharklet equipped A320". Airbus.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2013.

[A320neo_information-29] "A320neo family information, Maximum benefit and minimum change". Airbus.com. 1 July 2011. Archived from the original on 3 March 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2011.

[30] Airbus evaluates an A320neo multi-mission version on YouTube

[31] "A319 MPA Maritime Patrol Aircraft". Archived from the original on 14 April 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2016.

[32] "Germany certifies A319 OH Open Skies aircraft". Janes.com. 6 October 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2023.

[33] "Accident list: Airbus A319". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 12 May 2022.

[34] "Accident list: Airbus A319". Retrieved 12 May 2022.

[35] Ranter, Harro (20 June 2020). "Airbus A319 Statistics". aviation-safety.net. Archived from the original on 16 September 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2020.

[cert-36] "Type Certificate Data Sheet" (PDF). EASA. 28 June 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2016.

[FAA-Data-37] "Type Certificate Data Sheet" (PDF). FAA. 12 August 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 11 October 2016.

[AllAbout-38] "All About the Airbus A320 Family". Airbus. 2009. Archived from the original on 11 September 2016. Retrieved 11 October 2016.

[elsevier-40] "Airbus Aircraft Data File". Civil Jet Aircraft Design. Elsevier. July 1999. Archived from the original on 27 January 2017. Retrieved 11 October 2016.

[41] "A320 Family Technology". Airbus. Archived from the original on 3 April 2016. Retrieved 11 October 2016.

[ACJ319-43] "ACJ319". Airbus. Archived from the original on 25 November 2016.

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