There is written evidence for Ankarsrum dating to about 1430 (when it was called Jangolsrwme) and from 1544 (Ångersrum).
In 1655, the Ankarsrums bruk [sv]ironworks was founded in the town. Originally known for manufacturing, among other things, cast iron kitchen stoves and bathtubs, the company was acquired by Electrolux in 1969 and subsequently moved the Assistent production line from Motala to this town.