C. J. Cherryh

C. J. Cherryh
C. J. Cherryh
	Cherryh at NorWesCon in 2006
Born	Carolyn Janice Cherry; September 1, 1942 (age 82); St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
Pen name	C. J. Cherryh
Occupation	Novelist, short story author, essayist, high school teacher
Education	University of Oklahoma (BA); Johns Hopkins University (MA)
Period	1976–present
Genre	Science fiction, fantasy
Notable works	Alliance–Union universe, Foreigner series
Notable awards	Hugo Award, Locus Award, Prometheus Award
Spouse	Jane Fancher (m. 2014)
Relatives	David A. Cherry (brother)
Website
	cherryh.com/WaveWithoutAShore/

Carolyn Janice Cherry (born September 1, 1942), better known by the pen name C. J. Cherryh, is an American writer of speculative fiction. She has written more than 80 books since the mid-1970s, including the Hugo Award–winning novels Downbelow Station (1981) and Cyteen (1988), both set in her Alliance–Union universe, and her Foreigner series. She is known for worldbuilding, depicting fictional realms with great realism supported by vast research in history, language, psychology, and archeology.

Cherryh (pronounced "Cherry") appended a silent "h" to her real name because her first editor, Donald A. Wollheim, felt that "Cherry" sounded too much like a romance writer.^[3] She used only her initials, C. J., to disguise that she was female at a time when the majority of science fiction authors were male.^[4]

The author has an asteroid, 77185 Cherryh, named after her. Referring to this honor, the asteroid's discoverers wrote of Cherryh: "She has challenged us to be worthy of the stars by imagining how mankind might grow to live among them."^[5]

Biography

Cherryh was born in 1942 in St. Louis, Missouri and raised primarily in Lawton, Oklahoma. She began writing stories at the age of ten when she became frustrated with the cancellation of her favorite TV show, Flash Gordon. In 1964, she received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Latin from the University of Oklahoma^[6]^: 79 (Phi Beta Kappa), with academic specializations in archaeology, mythology, and the history of engineering. In 1965, she received a Master of Arts degree in classics from Johns Hopkins University^[6]^: 79 in Baltimore, Maryland, where she was a Woodrow Wilson fellow.

After graduation, Cherryh taught Latin, Ancient Greek, the classics, and ancient history at John Marshall High School in the Oklahoma City public school system.^[6]^: 79 While her job was teaching Latin, her passion was the history, religion, and culture of Rome and Ancient Greece. During the summers, she would conduct student tours of the ancient ruins in England, France, Spain, and Italy. In her spare time, she would write, using the mythology of Rome and Greece as plots for her stories of the future. Cherryh did not follow the professional path typical of science fiction writers at the time, which was to first publish short stories in science fiction and fantasy magazines and then progress to novels; she did not consider writing short stories until she had had several novels published.

Cherryh wrote novels in her spare time away from teaching and submitted these manuscripts directly for publication. Initially, she met with little success; various publishers lost manuscripts she had submitted.^[6]^: 80 She was thus forced to retype them from her own carbon copies, time-consuming but cheaper than paying for photocopying. (Using carbon paper to make at least one copy of a manuscript was standard practice until the advent of the personal computer.)

Cherryh's breakthrough came in 1975 when Donald A. Wollheim purchased the two manuscripts she had submitted to DAW Books, Gate of Ivrel and Brothers of Earth.^[6]^: 80 About the former, Cherryh stated in an interview on Amazing Stories:

It was the first time a book really found an ending and really worked, because I had made contact with Don Wollheim at DAW, found him interested, and was able to write for a specific editor whose body of work and type of story I knew. It was a good match. It was a set of characters I'd invented when I was, oh, about thirteen. So it was an old favorite of my untold stories, and ended up being the first in print.^[7]

The two novels were published in 1976, Gate of Ivrel preceding Brothers of Earth by several months (although she had completed and submitted Brothers of Earth first). The books won her immediate recognition and the John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer in 1977.

Although not all of her works have been published by DAW Books, during this early period Cherryh developed a strong relationship with the Wollheim family and their publishing company, frequently travelling to New York City and staying with the Wollheims in their Queens family home. Other companies who have published her novels include Baen Books, HarperCollins, Warner Books, and Random House (under its Del Rey Books imprint). She published six additional novels in the late 1970s.

In 1979, her short story "Cassandra" won the Best Short Story Hugo, and she quit teaching to write full-time. She has since won the Hugo Award for Best Novel twice, first for Downbelow Station in 1982 and then again for Cyteen in 1989.

In addition to developing her own fictional universes, Cherryh has contributed to several shared world anthologies, including Thieves' World, Heroes in Hell, Elfquest, Witch World, Magic in Ithkar, and the Merovingen Nights series, which she edited. Her writing has encompassed a variety of science fiction and fantasy subgenres and includes a few short works of non-fiction. Her books have been translated into Czech, Dutch, French, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Spanish, and Swedish. She has also translated several published works of fiction from French into English.

She now lives near Spokane, Washington with her wife,^[1]^[2] the science fiction/fantasy author and artist Jane Fancher. She enjoys skating and travelling and regularly makes appearances at science fiction conventions.

Her brother David A. Cherry is a science fiction and fantasy artist.^[8]

Writing style

Cherryh uses a writing technique she has variously labeled "very tight limited third person", "intense third person", and "intense internal" voice.^[9] In this approach, the only things the writer narrates are those that the viewpoint character specifically notices or thinks about.^[9] The narration may not mention important features of the environment or situation with which the character is already familiar, even though these things might be of interest to the reader, because the character does not think about them owing to their familiarity.

World building

Cherryh's works depict fictional worlds with great realism supported by her strong background in languages, history, archaeology, and psychology. In her introduction to Cherryh's first book, Andre Norton compared the effect of the work to Tolkien's: "Never since reading The Lord of the Rings have I been so caught up in any tale as I have been in Gate of Ivrel." Another reviewer commented, "Her blend of science and folklore gives the novels an intellectual depth comparable to Tolkien or Gene Wolfe."^[10] Cherryh creates believable alien cultures, species, and perspectives, causing the reader to reconsider basic assumptions about human nature. Her worlds have been praised as complex and realistic because she presents them through implication rather than explication.^[11] She describes the difficulties of translating/expressing concepts between differing languages. This is best demonstrated in both the Chanur and Foreigner series.

She has described the process she uses to create alien societies for her fiction as being akin to asking a series of questions, and letting the answers to these questions dictate various parameters of the alien culture. In her view, "culture is how biology responds to its environment and makes its living conditions better." Some of the issues she considers critical to take into account in detailing an intelligent alien race are:^[12]

The physical environment in which the species lives
The location and nature of the race's dwellings, including the spatial relationships between those dwellings
The species' diet, method(s) of obtaining and consuming food, and cultural practices regarding the preparation of meals and eating (if any)
Processes which the aliens use to share knowledge
Customs and ideas regarding death, dying, the treatment of the race's dead, and the afterlife (if any)
Metaphysical issues related to self-definition and the aliens' concept of the fictional universe they inhabit

Major themes

Her protagonists often attempt to uphold existing social institutions and norms in the service of the greater good while the antagonists often attempt to exploit, subvert or radically alter the predominant social order for selfish gain. She uses the theme of the outsider finding his (or her) place in society and how individuals interact with The Other. A number of Cherryh's novels focus on military and political themes. One underlying theme of her work is an exploration of gender roles. Her characters reveal both strengths and weaknesses regardless of their gender, although her female protagonists are portrayed as especially capable and determined, and many of her male characters are portrayed as damaged, abused, or otherwise vulnerable.

Works

Her career began with publication of her first books in 1976, Gate of Ivrel and Brothers of Earth. Since that time, she has published over 80 novels, short-story compilations, with continuing production as her blog attests.^[13] Ms. Cherryh has received the Hugo, Locus, and Prometheus Awards for some of her novels. Her novels are divided into various spheres, focusing mostly around the Alliance–Union universe, The Chanur novels, the Foreigner series, and her fantasy novels.^[14]

Scholarship

The Cherryh Odyssey (2004, ISBN 0-8095-1070-7; ISBN 0-8095-1071-5), edited by Edward Carmien, compiles a dozen essays by academic and professional voices discussing the literary life and career of Cherryh. A bibliography is included.
The Jack Williamson Science Fiction Library at Eastern New Mexico University contains a collection of Cherryh's manuscripts and notes for scholarly research.^[15]
Military Command in Women's Science Fiction: C.J. Cherryh's Signy Mallory (2000), Part 1,^[16] Part 2^[17] by Camille Bacon-Smith.
"Animal Transference: A 'Mole-like Progression' in C.J. Cherry" (2011) by Lynn Turner, in Mosaic: a journal for the interdisciplinary study of literature, 44.3, pp. 163–175.^[18]

Awards and honors

Award	Category	Work	Result^[19]
British SF Award	Novel	Cyteen (1988)	Nominated
Hugo Award	Novel	The Faded Sun: Kesrith (1978)	Nominated
		Downbelow Station (1981)	Won
		The Pride of Chanur (1982)	Nominated
		Cuckoo's Egg (1985)	Nominated
		Cyteen (1988)	Won
	Novella	"The Scapegoat" (1985)	Nominated
	Short Story	"Cassandra" (1978)	Won
Locus Award	Novel	The Faded Sun: Kesrith (1978)	Nominated
	Fantasy Novel	The Paladin (1988)	Nominated
		Rusalka (1989)	Nominated
		Fortress of Eagles (1998)	Nominated
		Fortress of Owls (1999)	Nominated
	SF Novel	The Pride of Chanur (1982)	Nominated
		Chanur's Venture (1984)	Nominated
		Cyteen (1988)	Won
		Rimrunners (1989)	Nominated
		Invader (1995)	Nominated
		Finity's End (1997)	Nominated
		Defender (2001)	Nominated
		Visitor (2016)	Nominated
	Collection	Sunfall (1981)	Nominated
	Collection	Visible Light (1986)	Nominated
	Novella	"Ealdwood" (1981)	Nominated
	Novella	The Scapegoat (1984)	Nominated
	Novelette	"The Haunted Tower" (1981)	Nominated
	Novelette	"Willow" (1982)	Nominated
	Short Story	"The Only Death in the City" (1981)	Nominated
Nebula Award	Novel	The Faded Sun: Kesrith (1978)	Nominated
Nebula Award	Short Story	"Cassandra" (1978)	Nominated
World Fantasy Award	Novella	"Ealdwood" (1981)	Nominated
World Fantasy Award	Novella	"Gwydion and the Dragon" (1991)	Nominated