Climate of Melbourne

Summer rain over Melbourne, taken from Brighton
Winter fog over the Melbourne city centre

Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria and the second most populous city in Australia (most populous in urban area), has a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb),[1][2] bordering on a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), and is well known for its changeable weather conditions. This is mainly due to Melbourne's geographical location. This temperature differential is most pronounced in the spring and summer months and can cause strong cold fronts to form. These cold fronts can be responsible for all sorts of severe weather from gales to severe thunderstorms and hail, minor temperature drops, and heavy rain. The city experiences little humidity in summer, except at the end of hot spells following thunderstorms and rain.[3]

Overview

The shallow and enclosed Port Phillip Bay is often warmer than the surrounding landmass and the oceanic waters of the Bass Strait, particularly in spring and autumn; this can set up a "bay effect" similar to the lake effect seen in colder regions, where showers are intensified leeward of the bay. Relatively narrow streams of heavy showers can often affect the same places (usually in the southeastern suburbs) for an extended period, while the rest of Melbourne and surrounding suburbs stays dry.

Overall, Melbourne is, owing to the rain shadowing by the Otway Ranges, nonetheless drier than average for southern Victoria. Within the city and surrounds, however, rainfall varies widely, from around 485 mm (19 in) on the western fringe at Little River to 1,020 mm (40 in) on the eastern fringe at Gembrook. Despite its relative dryness, Melbourne has 139 days of rain per year on the 0.2mm threshold, meaning that its precipitation commonly falls as drizzles or as light showers (which frequently occur in the winter months), rather than heavy downpours (such as those generally experienced in Sydney, Brisbane and Perth).[4]

Cloud cover over Melbourne and southern Victoria

The city receives only 48.6 clear days annually, making it the cloudiest capital city in Australia, and it has 180 overcast days annually, with 54 more cloudy days than Queenscliff to the south of the city, and 19 more than Mount Buller to the north. In comparison, Brisbane has 42 cloudy days annually, Sydney 134 and Hobart 174. According to the Bureau of Meteorology senior forecaster Terry Ryan, the excess cloud cover is caused by a meteorological phenomenon known as "anticyclonic gloom", where high-pressure systems in winter to the city's north and west conjure a layer of warm air at a high altitude, which holds moisture from Bass Strait. The cloudiest month in Melbourne is May, with an average of 18 cloudy days, followed by July, June and August, respectively.[5]

Melbourne is also prone to isolated convective showers forming when a cold pool crosses the state, especially if there is considerable daytime heating. These showers are often heavy and can contain hails and squalls and significant drops in temperature, but they pass through very quickly at times with a rapid clearing trend to sunny and relatively calm weather and the temperature rising back to what it was before the shower. This often occurs in the space of minutes and can be repeated many times in a day, giving Melbourne a reputation for having "four seasons in one day",[6] a phrase that is part of a local popular culture and familiar to many visitors to the city.[7] Dewpoint temperatures in the summer range from 9.5 °C (49.1 °F) to 11.7 °C (53.1 °F).[8]

Recorded extremes (From Melbourne Regional Office):

  • Hottest temperature: 46.4 °C (115.5 °F), 7 February 2009
  • Coldest temperature: −2.8 °C (27.0 °F), 21 July 1869
  • Hottest Minimum: 30.5 °C (86.9 °F), 1 February 1902
  • Coldest Maximum: 4.4 °C (39.9 °F), 4 July 1901
  • Wettest month: 238.2 mm (9.38 in), February 1972
  • Wettest 24 hours: 113.4 mm (4.46 in), 3 February 2005

Summer

Summer flooding in the suburb of Narre Warren, February 2011

Melbourne summers are notable for occasional days of extreme heat, which have increased in frequency since 2005.[8] This occurs when the synoptic pattern is conducive to the transportation of very hot air from central Australia over to the south-east corner of the continent. The inland deserts of Australia are amongst the hottest areas on earth, particularly the inland parts of north-west Australia.

Every summer, intense heat builds starting in the Pilbara district of Western Australia around October/November and spreading widely over the tropical and subtropical inland parts of the continent by January. In the summer months, the southern part of the continent straddles the westerly wind belt to the south and the subtropical high-pressure ridge to the north. The intense heat buildup occurs where high pressure is highly dominant in the upper levels of the atmosphere over the tropics and subtropics of Australia in summer allowing for a huge area of stable atmospheric conditions to predominate.

On occasion, a strong cold front will develop in summer and bring the westerlies further north than their mean summer position. On these occasions, north-west winds will develop ahead of the cold front's passage and sometimes these can be very strong, even gale force. When this occurs the hot air from the inland is dragged right down over south-east Australia, occasionally even as far as southern Tasmania.

As this air mass is carried entirely over the continental land mass it remains unmodified, i.e. it does not pick up additional moisture from a body of water and retains most if not all of its heat. On these occasions, the normally temperate parts of southern Victoria, including Melbourne, can experience the full fury of the desert climate albeit only briefly as the cold front responsible usually passes through relatively quickly afterwards allowing cool southerly winds from the southern ocean to replace the hot desert air. The highest temperature recorded in Melbourne city was 46.4 °C (115.5 °F), on 7 February 2009.[9]

Winter

Winters in Melbourne are cool with moderate rainfall. The lowest temperature on record is −2.8 °C (27.0 °F), on 21 July 1869.[10] On 25 July 1986, snow fell in the city, which caused air traffic delays of up to four hours.[11]

Climate statistics

Climate data for Melbourne City (Melbourne Regional Office) (1991–2015)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 45.6
(114.1) 		46.4
(115.5) 		41.7
(107.1) 		34.9
(94.8) 		28.7
(83.7) 		22.4
(72.3) 		23.3
(73.9) 		26.5
(79.7) 		31.4
(88.5) 		36.9
(98.4) 		40.9
(105.6) 		43.7
(110.7) 		46.4
(115.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 27.0
(80.6) 		26.9
(80.4) 		24.6
(76.3) 		21.1
(70.0) 		17.6
(63.7) 		15.1
(59.2) 		14.5
(58.1) 		15.9
(60.6) 		18.1
(64.6) 		20.5
(68.9) 		22.9
(73.2) 		24.8
(76.6) 		20.8
(69.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 21.6
(70.9) 		21.7
(71.1) 		19.6
(67.3) 		16.5
(61.7) 		13.7
(56.7) 		11.7
(53.1) 		11.0
(51.8) 		11.9
(53.4) 		13.8
(56.8) 		15.7
(60.3) 		17.9
(64.2) 		19.6
(67.3) 		16.2
(61.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 16.1
(61.0) 		16.4
(61.5) 		14.6
(58.3) 		11.8
(53.2) 		9.8
(49.6) 		8.2
(46.8) 		7.5
(45.5) 		7.9
(46.2) 		9.4
(48.9) 		10.9
(51.6) 		12.8
(55.0) 		14.3
(57.7) 		11.6
(52.9)
Record low °C (°F) 5.5
(41.9) 		4.5
(40.1) 		2.8
(37.0) 		1.5
(34.7) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		0.1
(32.2) 		2.5
(36.5) 		4.4
(39.9) 		−2.8
(27.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 44.2
(1.74) 		50.2
(1.98) 		39.0
(1.54) 		53.2
(2.09) 		43.9
(1.73) 		49.5
(1.95) 		39.8
(1.57) 		47.0
(1.85) 		54.5
(2.15) 		55.8
(2.20) 		63.3
(2.49) 		60.9
(2.40) 		600.9
(23.66)
Average rainy days (≥ 1mm) 5.6 5.0 5.5 7.1 8.1 8.6 8.3 9.4 9.8 9.0 7.7 6.5 90.6
Average afternoon relative humidity (%) 80 75 60 50 57 61 59 53 50 47 47 46 57
Mean monthly sunshine hours 272.8 228.8 226.3 186.0 142.6 123.0 136.4 167.4 186.0 226.3 225.0 263.5 2,384.1
Percent possible sunshine 61 61 59 56 46 43 45 51 52 56 53 58 53
Source 1: Bureau of Meteorology.[12][13][14]
Source 2: Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne Airport (sunshine hours)[15]
Climate data for Mount Dandenong (Eastern Suburb)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 37.3
(99.1) 		39.3
(102.7) 		33.6
(92.5) 		28.0
(82.4) 		20.3
(68.5) 		15.0
(59.0) 		16.0
(60.8) 		20.0
(68.0) 		22.7
(72.9) 		28.7
(83.7) 		33.2
(91.8) 		36.2
(97.2) 		39.3
(102.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 22.1
(71.8) 		22.9
(73.2) 		19.7
(67.5) 		15.4
(59.7) 		11.7
(53.1) 		8.8
(47.8) 		8.2
(46.8) 		9.6
(49.3) 		11.6
(52.9) 		14.8
(58.6) 		17.3
(63.1) 		19.9
(67.8) 		15.2
(59.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 11.5
(52.7) 		12.6
(54.7) 		11.3
(52.3) 		9.0
(48.2) 		6.0
(42.8) 		4.4
(39.9) 		3.6
(38.5) 		4.2
(39.6) 		5.0
(41.0) 		6.8
(44.2) 		8.3
(46.9) 		9.8
(49.6) 		7.8
(46.0)
Record low °C (°F) 4.0
(39.2) 		4.7
(40.5) 		3.7
(38.7) 		0.7
(33.3) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		−1.8
(28.8) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		0.5
(32.9) 		2.3
(36.1) 		−2.3
(27.9)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 70.2
(2.76) 		61.2
(2.41) 		74.6
(2.94) 		102.0
(4.02) 		129.6
(5.10) 		98.4
(3.87) 		95.5
(3.76) 		116.8
(4.60) 		106.0
(4.17) 		104.8
(4.13) 		109.4
(4.31) 		95.7
(3.77) 		1,164.2
(45.84)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2mm) 12.1 8.4 12.4 13.7 18.2 17.8 20.0 19.7 17.5 16.5 15.2 12.9 184.4
Source: Bureau of Meteorology[16]
Climate data for Laverton (Western Suburb)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 45.0
(113.0) 		47.5
(117.5) 		41.5
(106.7) 		35.5
(95.9) 		27.3
(81.1) 		24.3
(75.7) 		23.5
(74.3) 		26.8
(80.2) 		31.2
(88.2) 		37.4
(99.3) 		40.3
(104.5) 		44.3
(111.7) 		47.5
(117.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 25.7
(78.3) 		25.5
(77.9) 		23.6
(74.5) 		20.2
(68.4) 		16.8
(62.2) 		14.2
(57.6) 		13.7
(56.7) 		14.9
(58.8) 		17.0
(62.6) 		19.2
(66.6) 		21.5
(70.7) 		23.8
(74.8) 		19.7
(67.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 13.7
(56.7) 		14.2
(57.6) 		12.5
(54.5) 		9.8
(49.6) 		7.7
(45.9) 		5.8
(42.4) 		5.0
(41.0) 		5.5
(41.9) 		6.6
(43.9) 		8.2
(46.8) 		10.2
(50.4) 		12.0
(53.6) 		9.3
(48.7)
Record low °C (°F) 5.2
(41.4) 		5.0
(41.0) 		2.7
(36.9) 		0.3
(32.5) 		−0.9
(30.4) 		−3.3
(26.1) 		−4.4
(24.1) 		−3.7
(25.3) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		0.8
(33.4) 		3.6
(38.5) 		−4.4
(24.1)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 39.3
(1.55) 		47.4
(1.87) 		35.3
(1.39) 		45.1
(1.78) 		46.6
(1.83) 		38.7
(1.52) 		38.7
(1.52) 		44.7
(1.76) 		49.4
(1.94) 		56.7
(2.23) 		53.1
(2.09) 		45.9
(1.81) 		540.9
(21.29)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2mm) 7.3 7.2 8.7 10.9 13.8 14.1 15.3 15.7 14.7 14.3 11.9 9.9 143.8
Source: Bureau of Meteorology[17]
Climate data for Melbourne Airport (Northern city limits)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 46.0
(114.8) 		44.8
(112.6) 		40.8
(105.4) 		34.5
(94.1) 		27.0
(80.6) 		21.8
(71.2) 		22.7
(72.9) 		25.6
(78.1) 		30.2
(86.4) 		36.0
(96.8) 		41.6
(106.9) 		44.6
(112.3) 		46.0
(114.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 26.3
(79.3) 		26.5
(79.7) 		24.0
(75.2) 		20.3
(68.5) 		16.6
(61.9) 		13.6
(56.5) 		13.1
(55.6) 		14.4
(57.9) 		16.6
(61.9) 		19.2
(66.6) 		21.9
(71.4) 		24.4
(75.9) 		19.7
(67.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 13.7
(56.7) 		14.1
(57.4) 		12.6
(54.7) 		10.2
(50.4) 		8.3
(46.9) 		6.2
(43.2) 		5.4
(41.7) 		5.9
(42.6) 		7.0
(44.6) 		8.4
(47.1) 		10.4
(50.7) 		12.0
(53.6) 		9.5
(49.1)
Record low °C (°F) 6.0
(42.8) 		4.8
(40.6) 		3.7
(38.7) 		1.2
(34.2) 		0.6
(33.1) 		−0.9
(30.4) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		1.3
(34.3) 		0.9
(33.6) 		3.5
(38.3) 		−2.5
(27.5)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 41.1
(1.62) 		44.4
(1.75) 		37.8
(1.49) 		43.2
(1.70) 		40.1
(1.58) 		39.8
(1.57) 		35.4
(1.39) 		46.0
(1.81) 		46.9
(1.85) 		54.4
(2.14) 		62.9
(2.48) 		48.5
(1.91) 		540.5
(21.29)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2mm) 8.3 7.0 9.1 10.2 12.5 13.4 14.0 15.5 14.1 13.5 11.6 9.5 138.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours 272.8 228.8 226.3 186.0 142.6 123.0 136.4 167.4 186.0 226.3 225.0 263.5 2,384.1
Source: Bureau of Meteorology[18] [19]
Climate data for Essendon (Western suburb)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 45.8
(114.4) 		47.3
(117.1) 		40.7
(105.3) 		35.2
(95.4) 		26.7
(80.1) 		22.6
(72.7) 		21.9
(71.4) 		24.4
(75.9) 		30.3
(86.5) 		36.4
(97.5) 		41.5
(106.7) 		44.0
(111.2) 		47.3
(117.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 26.6
(79.9) 		25.9
(78.6) 		24.2
(75.6) 		20.2
(68.4) 		16.4
(61.5) 		13.8
(56.8) 		13.1
(55.6) 		14.4
(57.9) 		16.8
(62.2) 		19.5
(67.1) 		21.9
(71.4) 		24.6
(76.3) 		19.8
(67.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 13.7
(56.7) 		14.0
(57.2) 		12.6
(54.7) 		10.0
(50.0) 		7.9
(46.2) 		6.0
(42.8) 		5.4
(41.7) 		5.7
(42.3) 		6.8
(44.2) 		8.4
(47.1) 		10.1
(50.2) 		12.0
(53.6) 		9.4
(48.9)
Record low °C (°F) 5.7
(42.3) 		5.3
(41.5) 		3.7
(38.7) 		0.6
(33.1) 		0.1
(32.2) 		−3.3
(26.1) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		−2.4
(27.7) 		−1.6
(29.1) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		2.2
(36.0) 		4.0
(39.2) 		−3.3
(26.1)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 42.2
(1.66) 		44.9
(1.77) 		38.9
(1.53) 		53.7
(2.11) 		48.7
(1.92) 		40.3
(1.59) 		43.1
(1.70) 		48.0
(1.89) 		50.8
(2.00) 		58.5
(2.30) 		58.4
(2.30) 		51.9
(2.04) 		579.4
(22.81)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2mm) 7.3 7.3 8.8 11.0 13.3 13.5 15.2 15.6 14.3 13.0 11.8 10.2 141.3
Source: Bureau of Meteorology[20]
Climate data for Mornington (Southern coastal suburb)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 40.2
(104.4) 		41.6
(106.9) 		37.4
(99.3) 		30.7
(87.3) 		25.7
(78.3) 		19.3
(66.7) 		19.3
(66.7) 		23.3
(73.9) 		26.1
(79.0) 		29.4
(84.9) 		35.1
(95.2) 		38.7
(101.7) 		41.6
(106.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 25.0
(77.0) 		25.0
(77.0) 		23.3
(73.9) 		19.4
(66.9) 		16.2
(61.2) 		13.5
(56.3) 		12.8
(55.0) 		13.8
(56.8) 		15.9
(60.6) 		18.1
(64.6) 		20.3
(68.5) 		23.1
(73.6) 		18.9
(66.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 13.4
(56.1) 		13.9
(57.0) 		12.9
(55.2) 		10.9
(51.6) 		9.1
(48.4) 		7.2
(45.0) 		6.5
(43.7) 		6.9
(44.4) 		8.1
(46.6) 		9.5
(49.1) 		10.7
(51.3) 		12.1
(53.8) 		10.1
(50.2)
Record low °C (°F) 7.3
(45.1) 		7.4
(45.3) 		2.5
(36.5) 		3.8
(38.8) 		0.6
(33.1) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		3.4
(38.1) 		4.5
(40.1) 		6.6
(43.9) 		−1.2
(29.8)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 44.1
(1.74) 		43.1
(1.70) 		49.4
(1.94) 		62.6
(2.46) 		70.2
(2.76) 		71.2
(2.80) 		69.0
(2.72) 		71.3
(2.81) 		71.8
(2.83) 		69.6
(2.74) 		60.1
(2.37) 		54.3
(2.14) 		736.7
(29.01)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2mm) 7.1 6.5 8.0 10.8 13.8 14.7 15.3 15.6 14.4 13.0 10.6 8.6 138.4
Source: Bureau of Meteorology[21]
Average Ultraviolet index
Month January February March April May June July August September October November December Year
Average Ultraviolet index 11 10 7 4 2 1 1 3 5 7 9 11 5.8
Source: Bureau of Meteorology (UV index)[22]

See also

References

  1. ^ Tapper, Andrew; Tapper, Nigel (1996). Gray, Kathleen (ed.). The weather and climate of Australia and New Zealand (First ed.). Melbourne, Australia: Oxford University Press. p. 300. ISBN 978-0-19-553393-4.
  2. ^ Linacre, Edward; Geerts, Bart (1997). Climates and Weather Explained. London: Routledge. p. 379. ISBN 978-0-415-12519-2.
  3. ^ "Melbourne Climate/Weather". MelbourneAustralia.org. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
  4. ^ Perth rainfall is higher than Melbourne, Hobart, London despite reputation for sunny beaches By Irena Ceranic from ABC News Australia, 24 April 2018
  5. ^ Clouds 'R' us — proudly Melbourne, The Age, Andrew Bock, June 26, 2006. Retrieved 6 April 2020
  6. ^ "Melbourne Regional Office". Climate statistics for Australian locations. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 9 November 2010.
  7. ^ "Welcome to Melbourne". City of Melbourne. Archived from the original on 19 July 2008. Retrieved 18 July 2008.
  8. ^ a b "Melbourne Regional Office". Climate statistics for Australian locations. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
  9. ^ "Monthly climate statistics". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 30 March 2012.
  10. ^ "Bureau of Meteorology - Climate Data Online". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  11. ^ "BOM - Australian Climate Extremes". webarchive.nla.gov.au. Archived from the original on 17 March 2009.
  12. ^ "Climate statistics for MELBOURNE REGIONAL OFFICE". Climate statistics for Australian locations. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  13. ^ "Highest Temperature - 086071". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
  14. ^ "Lowest Temperature - 086071". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
  15. ^ "Melbourne Airport". Climate statistics for Australian locations. Bureau of Meteorology. February 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  16. ^ "MOUNT DANDENONG GTV9". Climate statistics for Australian locations. Bureau of Meteorology. May 2013. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  17. ^ "Laverton RAAF". Climate statistics for Australian locations. Bureau of Meteorology. February 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  18. ^ "Melbourne Airport". Climate statistics for Australian locations. Bureau of Meteorology. February 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  19. ^ "Daily maximum temperature - Melbourne Airport". www.bom.gov.au. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  20. ^ "Essendon Airport". Climate statistics for Australian locations. Bureau of Meteorology. January 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  21. ^ "Mornington". Climate statistics for Australian locations. Bureau of Meteorology. February 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  22. ^ "Average solar ultraviolet (UV) Index". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Weather events in Melbourne.

Read other articles:

Jennifer Gentle

Jennifer GentleIl leader della band Marco Fasolo durante un live Paese d'origine Italia GenereRock psichedelicoFolk psichedelicoGarage rock Periodo di attività musicale1999 – in attività EtichettaSillyBoy Entertainment, Sub Pop Records, A Silent Place, Heron Recordings, Bomba Dischi Album pubblicati12 Studio6 Live3 Colonne sonore1 Raccolte2 Sito ufficiale Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale I Jennifer Gentle sono un gruppo di rock psichedelico italiano nato nel …

Keuskupan Agung Taranto

Keuskupan Agung TarantoArchidioecesis TarentinaKatolik Katedral TarantoLokasiNegaraItaliaProvinsi gerejawiTarantoStatistikLuas1.056 km2 (408 sq mi)Populasi- Total- Katolik(per 2014)412.500415,500 (perkiraan) (99.3%)Paroki88Imam155 (diosesan)65 (Ordo Relijius)InformasiDenominasiGereja KatolikRitusRitus RomaPendirianAbad ke-6KatedralBasilica Cattedrale di S. CataldoKepemimpinan kiniPausFransiskusUskup AgungFilippo SantoroEmeritusBenigno Luigi Papa, O.F.M. Cap.Pet…

Ahmad Syarifuddin

Ahmad Syarifuddin Natabaya Prof. H. Ahmad Syarifuddin Natabaya, S.H., LL.M. (3 Maret 1942 – 10 Juli 2019) adalah Guru Besar Ilmu Hukum di Universitas Sriwijaya, Sumatera Selatan dan Hakim Konstitusi periode 2003-2008.[1] Natabaya pernah mengatakan bahwa seorang hakim konstitusi harus berintegritas tinggi, profesional dan tidak tercela.[2] Ahmad Syarifuddin Natabaya Hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik IndonesiaMasa jabatan16 Agustus 2003 – 16 Agustus 2008…

Medali Copley

John Theophilus Desaguliers, yang memenangkan medali tersebut sebanyak tiga kali, lebih dari tokoh-tokoh lainnya. Medali Copley adalah sebuah penghargaan saintifik yang diberikan oleh Royal Society, London, untuk prestasi terbaik dalam penelitian dalam berbagai cabang ilmu pengetahuan. Penghargaan tersebut diberikan secara bergantian antara ilmu pengetahuan fisika dan biologi.[1] Diberikan setiap tahun, medali tersebut merupakan medali Royal Society tertua yang masih diberikan, dan diyak…

Élections législatives françaises de 1885

1881 1889 Élections législatives françaises de 1885 584 députés à la Chambre des députés 4 et 18 octobre 1885 Type d’élection Élections législatives Corps électoral et résultats Inscrits 10 278 979 Votants 7 868 546   77,51 %  8,9 Républicains – Henri Brisson Liste Union des gauchesRépublicains progressistesRadicaux Voix 3 837 879 48,4 %   27 Députés élus 323  88 Monarchistes – Armand…

Fleur du Maquis

Fleur du MaquisNama lainBrin d'amourNegara asalPrancisWilayahKorsikaSumber susuDombaDipasteurisasiTidakSertifikasiTidak[1] Fleur du Maquis atau dikenal juga sebagai Brin d'amour adalah keju dari daerah Korsika di negara Prancis yang dibuat dengan menggunakan susu domba mentah.[1] Nama keju ini memiliki arti bunga dari maquis yang merupakan julukan untuk daerah Korsika.[2] Maquis merupakan istilah untuk semak-semak dimana perampok sering berkumpul.[3] Susu yang dig…

Emissary veins

Anatomical feature of the circulatory system Emissary veinsDetailsIdentifiersLatinvena emissariaTA98A12.0.00.033 A12.3.05.301TA24872FMA50790Anatomical terminology[edit on Wikidata] The emissary veins connect the extracranial venous system with the intracranial venous sinuses. They connect the veins outside the cranium to the venous sinuses inside the cranium. They drain from the scalp, through the skull, into the larger meningeal veins[citation needed] and dural venous sinuses. They …

Campionato Nazionale Under-18

Campionato Nazionale Under-18Sport Calcio TipoClub FederazioneFIGC Paese Italia OrganizzatoreSettore Giovanile e Scolastico TitoloCampione d'Italia Under-18 Aperturaottobre Chiusuragiugno Partecipanti21 squadre Formulafase a gironi (stagione regolare) + eliminazione diretta (semifinali e finale per assegnazione titolo) StoriaFondazione2019 Numero edizioni4 Detentore SPAL Record vittorie SPAL (2) Trofeo o riconoscimento Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale Il Campionato Nazion…

Anders Fogh Rasmussen

Untuk pemain sepak bola bernama Anders Rasmussen, lihat Anders Rasmussen. Anders Fogh Rasmussen Sekretaris Jenderal NATOMasa jabatan1 Agustus 2009 – 30 September 2014 PendahuluJaap de Hoop SchefferPenggantiJens StoltenbergPerdana Menteri DenmarkMasa jabatan27 November 2001 – 5 April 2009Penguasa monarkiMargrethe IIWakilLene Espersen PendahuluPoul Nyrup RasmussenPenggantiLars Løkke RasmussenLeader of VenstreMasa jabatan18 Maret 1998 – 17 Mei 2009 PendahuluUffe El…

University of Florida student housing

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: University of Florida student housing – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)Student HousingEstablished1906DirectorNorbert DunkelStudents9,200LocationGainesville, Florida, United StatesWebsite…

Flowers (Miley Cyrus song)

2023 single by Miley CyrusFlowersSingle by Miley Cyrusfrom the album Endless Summer Vacation ReleasedJanuary 12, 2023 (2023-01-12)RecordedJanuary 2022StudioSunset Sound Recorders (composed),[1] Ridgemont High, Los Angeles (recorded)Genre Disco-pop[2] pop rock[3] funk[4] Length3:20LabelColumbiaSongwriter(s) Miley Cyrus Gregory Aldae Hein Michael Pollack Producer(s) Kid Harpoon Tyler Johnson Miley Cyrus singles chronology Without You (2021) Flowers (2…

Anarko-naturisme

Bagian dari seri politik tentangAnarkisme Aliran pemikiran Kulit hitam Kapitalis Kristen Kolektif Komunis Egois Eksistensialis Feminis Hijau Individualis Pemberontakan Kiri Pasar sayap kiri Magonis Mutualis Naturis Pasifis Filosofis Platformis Pasca-anarkis Pascakolonial Pascakiri Primitivis Queer Sosial Sindikalis Sintesis Vegan Tanpa ajektiva TeoriPraktik Anarki Anarchist Black Cross Anasionalisme Anti-otoritarianisme Antimilitarisme Kelompok afinitas Blok hitam Masyarakat tanpa kelas Perjuang…

Синелобый амазон

Синелобый амазон Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:ЗавропсидыКласс:Птиц…

Marduk (grup musik)

Daniel “Mortuus” Rostèn, 2015 Morgan Steinmeyer Håkansson, 2015 Marduk adalah kelompok black metal Swedia, berasal dari Norrköping. Tema-tema utama mereka adalah satanisme, anti-Kristen, dan perang dunia 2. Pendirinya adalah Morgan Steinmeyer Håkansson. Diskografi Dark Endless (1992) Those of the Unlight (1993) Opus Nocturne (1994) Heaven Shall Burn... When We Are Gathered (1996) Nighwing (1998) Panzer Division Marduk (1999) La Grande Danse Macabre (2001) World Funeral (2003) Plague Ange…

Человек прямоходящий

† Человек прямоходящий Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:СинапсидыКл…

Terek Cossacks

Cossack host Terek CossacksFlag of Terek CossacksRegions with significant populations Russia  North Ossetia–Alania  Dagestan  Chechnya  Ingushetia255,000 (1916)LanguagesRussian, UkrainianReligion Eastern Orthodox Christians, StaroversRelated ethnic groupsRussians, Ukrainians, Ossetians, Dagestanis, Chechens and Ingush people Part of a series onCossacksReply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks Cossack hosts Amur Astrakhan Azov Baikal Black Sea Buh Caucasus Danube Don Free Grebe…

Призыв к уничтожению Израиля

Один из командиров Арабского легиона Абдулла эль-Телль (крайний справа) с капитаном Хикматом Михьяром (крайний слева) позируют на фоне еврейских военнопленных после падения Кфар-Эциона. Призыв к уничтожению Израиля — риторика антисионистов и антисемитов, направленная…

Internally displaced person

Person forced to leave their home who remains within their country Internally displaced peopleTotal population70.5 million (2022)Regions with significant populationsEurope7.2 millionEast and Horn of Africa, and African Great Lakes2.6 millionSouthern Africa2.6 millionAsia and the Pacific1.4 millionWest and Central Africa1.3 millionMiddle East and North Africa0.4 millionAmericas0.2 million An internally displaced person (IDP) is someone who is forced to leave their home but who remains within thei…

История христианства в Центральной Азии

ХристианствоБиблия Ветхий Завет Новый Завет Евангелие Десять заповедей Нагорная проповедь Апокрифы Бог, Троица Бог Отец Иисус Христос Святой Дух История христианства Апостолы Хронология христианства Раннее христианство Гностическое христианство Вселенские соборы Ни…

2011–12 Detroit Titans men's basketball team

American college basketball season 2011–12 Detroit Titans men's basketballHorizon League tournament championsNCAA tournament, Round of 64ConferenceHorizon LeagueRecord22–14 (11–7 Horizon)Head coachRay McCallum (4th season)Assistant coaches Carlos Briggs Jay Smith Derek Thomas Home arenaCalihan HallSeasons← 2010–112012–13 → 2011–12 Horizon League men's basketball standings vte Conf Overall Team W   L   PCT W   L   PCT Valparaiso 14 &…

Toyota Prius
Moechohecyra indica
Psychotria glandulosa
Urea
Theresia Widiastuti
Текие дервишей в Евпатории
/profillengkap.com/index.php/article/Ismenius Lacus quadrangle
Deaths of Arnold Archambeau and Ruby Bruguier
1993–94 Barnet F.C. season
درسة (توضيح)
Kim Reynolds
Ayaka
Crazy in Love (Joe Cocker song)
2007 EH222
Gender inequality in Mexico
Hepang, Lela, Sikka
Ampalu, Lareh Sago Halaban, Lima Puluh Kota
Janji Cinta
Crella rubiginosa
Bloomin Mud Shuffle
9.3×62mm
Jatimulyo, Kunir, Lumajang
Template talk:Men's Volleyball Cups
M81 Group
Laykyun Sekkya
Kabupaten Qingjian
EN1-SL01
Future bass
Randuagung, Singosari, Malang
Honolulu Star-Bulletin
Pendidikan menengah di Prancis
Pasinggangan, Banyumas, Banyumas
Place Saint-Louis (Lyon)
العلاقات البيلاروسية الزامبية
List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707
العلاقات الإسرائيلية السعودية
COVID-19 vaccine
NUST Institute of Civil Engineering
Alan Bestic
J. Brewster McCollum
Peckham (auktor)
Geostar
ATR 72
George Adee
Batas divergen
أييا مارينا (إماثيا)
Michael Sabia
Batalyon Kavaleri 8
Guindy taluk
Lockheed Martin Orincon
Luca Argentero
Metropolis (film tahun 1927)
Kurukshetra
1986–87 Divizia C
List of law enforcement agencies in New York (state)
1995–96 Macedonian First Football League
Field house
Wath Athletic F.C.
Kevin McLain
Tate River
Daftar sekolah menengah atas di Jawa Tengah
Sidney Lumet
Apollo abort modes
Abeli Dalam, Puuwatu, Kendari
Chidambaram Subramaniam
Pebble Island
Veikkausliiga 2012
Stasiun Kereta Quzhou
Dadu (disambiguasi)
Élections provinciales néo-calédoniennes de 2009
Bhanupli–Leh line
Zinjibar
Results of the 1872 New South Wales colonial election
Capture of the Bahamas (1782)
Campus Martius
Maddalena Panattieri
Chemical ionization
List of newspapers in Bahrain
List of torpedo boats of the United States Navy
Thai Smile
Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Torneo Godó 1981
Gaius Rabirius (senator)
Alexandru Ene
Musar literature
Wals-Siezenheim
Provinsi Valverde
Hervás
Waitangi Day
Climate target
Tacatacuru
UCSF School of Nursing
جامع قمرية
Transport in Solomon Islands
Tetraphyllidea
Members of the South Australian Legislative Council, 1888–1891
Marana, Syria
Homeland Union
Phidias
Congenital cutaneous candidiasis
Jim Elsby
Otaqvar
Peuple et culture
Aluminium fluorida
Patti McLeod
Kharahostes
Cariboo Mountains
Prime Minister of Indonesia
Communes of the Var department
Pundri Assembly constituency
National Institute of Aeronautics and Space
Concordia College (South Australia)
Beverley RUFC
Are You Lonesome Tonight?
Madagascar Airlines
Potato cake
1995 Rugby League World Cup
Economy of Costa Rica
Crestmore Heights
First Wave
Boeing KC-767
Liga Champions AFC 2021
Institute of Developing Economies
Рудич
Kigluaik Mountains
Cloak and Dagger (1946 film)
Local Board of Health
Brushy Mountains (North Carolina)
Chiese di Milano
Fractal landscape
How to Be a Conservative
Fogelman Social Sciences and Humanities Library
Age adjustment
31 Mei
Clerks (film)
Central African Republic at the 2019 African Games
Naringgul, Cianjur
2003–04 European Shield
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/Coffs Harbour
Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Baramuli
2018 Moselle Open
Pemilihan umum Gubernur Banten 2006
1989 Intertoto Cup
Eclectic Warrior
Communauté de communes du Kochersberg
Caumont, Ariège
People's Monarchist Party (Italy)
Gabriel Green (fighter)
History of Croatian currency
Georgia Open
Scioto Mills, Illinois
Casseurs Flowters
Chaudhary Lal Singh
Template talk:Campaignbox French Wars of Religion
Bellfountain, Indiana
Magno Mainak
Saskatchewan Highway 52
Pierre Soulé
تين شائع
Frank Morgan (footballer)
Daftar Wakil Bupati Buleleng
MT-TS2
Melve
Piaseczno
Les Abymes
University of Maine at Augusta
Potassium iodate
Matt Fallon
1986–87 Football League Cup
G.I. Joe: Classic Collection
Coline Serreau
Elvis Now
Nemčavci
Lopolith
Bonnie Burnham Potter
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/Universitas Sains dan Pendidikan Dunia Islam
Blind octave
Itapicuru
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/Surah Al-Baqarah
Daftar Wakil Bupati Simalungun
Secret ballot
Zariski–Riemann space
Atletica leggera ai Giochi della XXXI Olimpiade - Salto in alto maschile
Netherlands Coastguard
Water supply and sanitation in Guatemala
Recognition of same-sex unions in Bolivia
Zuccotti Park
Égypte aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2024
Treat Myself (álbum)
Frank Rutherford
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/Campo de Jogos Dr. Marques dos Santos
Happy Madison Productions
Kingdom of Dreams
Constituent Assembly of Pakistan
1988 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Women's slalom
Battle of Yan Province
Susquehanna Trail
The Toledo News-Bee
Kabupaten Kuningan
List of observers to the European Parliament for the Czech Republic, 2003–2004
Club Deportivo de la Universidad de Chile
Aayutha Ezhuthu
Aitken Double Star Catalogue
Section 2 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/ka/დელტა
Mushroomhead
101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure
Athabaskan languages
Anthaeum, Hove
Battle of Vargas Swamp
Neighbourhood (disambiguation)
Lamkuta, Jangka, Bireuen
منطقة لكهنؤ
Manchester Grammar School
Хурфейш
71st Academy Awards
Simón Echeverría
Midleton
Classe B (1913)
Stuart J. Russell
Robson, British Columbia
Battle Garegga
Férias Frustradas do Pica-Pau
Tudhaliya the Younger
March 2012 Damascus bombings
Sahara
Messier 2
Shattered Glass (song)
You Are Everything
Belgaum
John Fernström
2012 Catalan independence demonstration
Sports medicine
Mikhail II of Tver
CHIVA method
Nils Liedholm
Jack Bowden
天主教花蓮教區
Festival d'Angoulême 2006
Danielle Lappage
Jodhpur district
Twickenham School
The Golem: How He Came into the World
Christian Union (Slovakia)
Tempel 1
2024 African Championships in Athletics – Men's 400 metres hurdles
Ski jumping at the Asian Winter Games
Challenger 2
Shellfish
Oxford Brookes Centre for Nutrition and Health
Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya