Decane

Decane
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name Decane
	Other names Decyl hydride
Identifiers
CAS Number	124-18-5 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Beilstein Reference	1696981
ChEBI	CHEBI:41808 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL134537 ;
ChemSpider	14840 ;
DrugBank	DB02826 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.004.262
EC Number	204-686-4;
MeSH	decane
PubChem CID	15600;
RTECS number	HD6550000;
UNII	NK85062OIY ;
UN number	2247
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6024913 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C10H22/c1-3-5-7-9-10-8-6-4-2/h3-10H2,1-2H3 Key: DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	SMILES CCCCCCCCCC;
Properties
Chemical formula	C10H22
Molar mass	142.286 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colorless liquid
Odor	Gasoline-like (in high concentrations)
Density	0.730 g mL−1
Melting point	−30.5 to −29.2 °C; −22.8 to −20.6 °F; 242.7 to 243.9 K
Boiling point	173.8 to 174.4 °C; 344.7 to 345.8 °F; 446.9 to 447.5 K
log P	5.802
Vapor pressure	195 Pa
Henry's law; constant (kH)	2.1 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-119.74·10−6 cm3/mol
Thermal conductivity	0.1381 W m−1 K−1 (300 K)
Refractive index (nD)	1.411–1.412
Viscosity	0.850 mPa·s (25 °C); 0.920 mPa·s (20 °C);
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	315.46 J K−1 mol−1
Std molar; entropy (S⦵298)	425.89 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−302.1–−299.9 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of; combustion (ΔcH⦵298)	−6779.21–−6777.45 kJ mol−1
Hazards
	Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Flammable, moderately toxic
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H226, H302, H304, H305
Precautionary statements	P301+P310, P331
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 2 0
Flash point	46.0 °C (114.8 °F; 319.1 K)
Autoignition; temperature	210.0 °C (410.0 °F; 483.1 K)
Explosive limits	0.8–2.6%
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	>2 g kg−1 (dermal, rabbit); 601 mg/kg−1 (oral, rat);
Safety data sheet (SDS)	hazard.com
Related compounds
Related alkanes	Nonane; Undecane;
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Decane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C₁₀H₂₂. Although 75 structural isomers are possible for decane, the term usually refers to the normal-decane ("n-decane"), with the formula CH₃(CH₂)₈CH₃. All isomers, however, exhibit similar properties and little attention is paid to the composition.^[5] These isomers are flammable liquids. Decane is present in small quantities (less than 1%) in gasoline (petrol) and kerosene.^[6]^[7] Like other alkanes, it is a nonpolar solvent, and does not dissolve in water, and is readily combustible. Although it is a component of fuels, it is of little importance as a chemical feedstock, unlike a handful of other alkanes.^[8]

Reactions

Decane undergoes combustion, just like other alkanes. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, it burns to form water and carbon dioxide.

2 C₁₀H₂₂ + 31 O₂ → 20 CO₂ + 22 H₂O

With insufficient oxygen, carbon monoxide is also formed.

Physical properties

It has a surface tension of 0.0238 N·m⁻¹.^[9]

References

^ "decane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
^ Yaws, Carl L. (1999). Chemical Properties Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 159–179. ISBN 0-07-073401-1.
^ Touloukian, Y.S., Liley, P.E., and Saxena, S.C. Thermophysical properties of matter - the TPRC data series. Volume 3. Thermal conductivity - nonmetallic liquids and gases. Data book. 1970.
^ Dymond, J. H.; Oye, H. A. (1994). "Viscosity of Selected Liquid n-Alkanes". Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. 23 (1): 41–53. Bibcode:1994JPCRD..23...41D. doi:10.1063/1.555943. ISSN 0047-2689.
^ "75 Isomers of Decane". The Third Millennium Online! (in Latin). Retrieved 26 July 2021.
^ "Petroleum - Chemistry Encyclopedia - reaction, water, uses, elements, examples, gas, number, name". www.chemistryexplained.com. Retrieved 2016-01-28.
^ "n-Decane (Annotation)". Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB). National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
^ Griesbaum, Karl; Behr, Arno; Biedenkapp, Dieter; Voges, Heinz-Werner; Garbe, Dorothea; Paetz, Christian; Collin, Gerd; Mayer, Dieter; Höke, Hartmut (15 June 2000), "Hydrocarbons", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, doi:10.1002/14356007.a13_227, ISBN 3527306730
^ Website of Krüss Archived 2013-12-01 at the Wayback Machine (8.10.2009)