From 2002 to 2006 Freedom Union was part of a coalition government with the Social Democratic Party and KDU-ČSL. However, in government the party lost support and at the 2006 election the party won less than 1% of the vote and failed to win any seats. The party disbanded on 1 January 2011.
History
Founding
The party was founded on 17 January 1998 at a congress in Litomyšl as the Freedom Union (Unie Svobody), as a split from the Civic Democratic Party (ODS).[5] The party was founded after divisions within ODS over the leadership of Václav Klaus, and what the defectors said was his failure to tackle funding scandals.[4][5] The former interior ministerJan Ruml led a challenge for the ODS leadership, but was defeated by Klaus by 227 votes to 72 at a special congress on 14 December 1997.[6] This prompted 30 ODS members of parliament to form the Freedom Union, including Finance MinisterIvan Pilip and Defence MinisterMichal Lobkowicz.[4][5][7] The party elected Jan Ruml as its first leader on 2 February 1998.[5]
Pilip and Lobkowicz were among the members of the Freedom Union who served in the caretaker government of Josef Tošovský, formed after the collapse of the coalition led by Václav Klaus.[7] The party initially attracted public support, with a poll in March 1998 showing the Freedom Union on 13%, ahead of ODS on 8%.[7] However the party suffered in the campaign for the June 1998 election, due to a lack of readiness for an election and a vague programme that was seen as being very similar to that of ODS.[7]
Opposition
At the 1998 election the Freedom Union won 8.6% of the vote and 19 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.[7] Refusing to form a government with ODS led by Václav Klaus, or with the Social Democratic Party due to policy differences, the party went into opposition.[8][9] Instead the Social Democrats formed a minority government, which was tolerated by ODS.[8]
The Freedom Union performed strongly at the November 2000 Senate election, becoming the third largest party in the Senate.[12] In late 2001, Freedom Union merged with the Democratic Union party to form the Freedom Union-Democratic Union (US-DEU).[4] However the Four-Coalition split at the beginning of 2002, after a lack of agreement on how to manage the high level of debts held by the Civic Democratic Alliance.[4] Freedom Union-Democratic Union instead formed an alliance with KDU-ČSL to fight the 2002 election as the "Coalition".[4]
Government
At the 2002 election the coalition of the Freedom Union-Democratic Union and KDU-ČSL won 31 seats in the Chamber of Deputies,[13] and subsequently became part of a coalition government led by the Czech Social Democratic Party, which had a majority of one seat.[5] However, at the 2002 Senate election, the Freedom Union-Democratic Union was reduced to only one senator.[5]
As a party of government, the party started losing members and support, and suffered defeat in the 2004 European Parliament elections, failing to pass the 5% threshold required to win seats.[14] Party leader Petr Mares resigned as a result, and was succeeded by the Regional Development Minister Pavel Němec.[15] The party won just one seat at the 2004 Senate election.[16]
Decline and dissolution
At the 2006 election, the party received just 0.3% of the vote, and lost all its seats in the Chamber of Deputies, triggering the resignation of its leader, Pavel Němec.[5]
The party held a final party conference on 4 December 2010, where it was decided to disband the party as of 1 January 2011.[1]
Policies
The Freedom Union-Democratic Union was a centre-right liberal party,[4] which promoted free market policies and supported lower taxes and university tuition fees.[4] The party was also a consistent critic of corruption.[4]
^Day, Alan J; East, Roger; Thomas, Richard (2002). A Political and Economic Dictionary of Eastern Europe. London: Europa Publications. p. 221.[ISBN missing]