Grace Marguerite Hay Drummond-Hay

Lady Hay Drummond-Hay
Lady Hay Drummond-Hay
	Grace Marguerite Lethbridge
Born	12 September 1895; Liverpool, England, UK
Died	12 February 1946 (aged 50); Manhattan, New York, US
Occupation	Journalist
Spouse	Sir Robert Hay Drummond-Hay (1920–1925; his death)

Grace Marguerite, Lady Hay Drummond-Hay (née Lethbridge, 12 September 1895 – 12 February 1946) was a British journalist, who was the first woman to travel around the world by air (in a zeppelin). Although she was not an aviator herself at first, she contributed to the glamour of aviation and general knowledge of it, by writing articles about her aerial adventures for US newspapers in the late 1920s and early 1930s.

Early life

Grace Marguerite Lethbridge was born on 12 September 1895, the eldest daughter of Grace Emily (née Willis) and Sidney Thomas Lethbridge. Her father was the managing director of the Spratt's dog and animal food company. Her paternal aunt was dancer Alice Lethbridge.^[1]

Grace Lethbridge was married in 1920 to Sir Robert Hay Drummond-Hay (1846–1925) at the age of 25, her husband being nearly fifty years older.^[1]

Sir Robert had been born in Tangiers, Morocco, and had been the British consul-general for years in Beirut, Lebanon. He was previously married to Euphemia Katherine, daughter of Thomas Willis Fleming. Four children were produced in this marriage, Arnold Robert, Edward William, Cecil, and Florence Caroline. The children were all significantly older than their new stepmother, Florence Caroline being 15 years older. After six years of marriage, Sir Robert died.^[1] Lady Drummond-Hay then was 31 years old. As a young aristocratic widow, she lived in her apartment in Finchley Road, London.

Career

Having contributed to British papers such as The Sphere, Grace Drummond-Hay began to write for Hearst papers in the late 1920s. She wrote a series of articles for the Chicago Herald and Examiner, as one of the passengers aboard the first transatlantic flight of a civilian passenger zeppelin in 1928.

This airship, the LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin, was also the first to circumnavigate the world, in August 1929, taking off at Lakehurst, New Jersey and arriving there again 21 days later, after stops in Friedrichshafen, Germany, Tokyo, and Los Angeles.^[2] Captain Hugo Eckener commanded Graf Zeppelin on the flight. Drummond-Hay was the only female passenger. Among her 19 companion travellers were:

Australian explorer Sir George Hubert Wilkins
American multi-millionaire William B. Leeds
Commander Charles Emery Rosendahl (USN)
Naval observer Jack C. Richardson
Hearst correspondent Karl von Wiegand
Hearst photographer Robert Hartman
Spanish newspaper correspondent Joachim Rickard
German correspondent Heinz von Eschwege-Lichbert
Spanish physician Geronimo Megias, the personal doctor of Spanish King Alfonso XIII.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Drummond-Hay gained fame after she arrived in New York, and her career as a journalist was secured for the next decade.

She went to war zones such as Abyssinia (Ethiopia) and was a foreign correspondent in Manchuria (China). She worked closely together for many years with her senior colleague Karl von Wiegand. Drummond-Hay was a well-known and respected journalist of the time, known for her beauty and wit, and the intelligence and flair of her writing. Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie presented her with a precious jewel, which was displayed on her body at her funeral.

Last years

During World War II, Lady Drummond-Hay and von Wiegand were interned in a Japanese camp in the Philippines.^[5] When they were set free in 1943, she was ill and Karl suffered poor eyesight after a bomb blast. They returned to the United States on the Swedish rescue ship the SS Gripsholm in December 1943.^[6] Lady Drummond-Hay died of coronary thrombosis in the Lexington Hotel on 12 February 1946.^[5] At her funeral service, many people paid their last respects, including William Randolph Hearst and Marion Davies. After she was cremated, her ashes were brought to the United Kingdom by von Wiegand.

Legacy

Though well known in the late 1920s and early 1930s, Lady Hay Drummond-Hay has been largely forgotten. Her name is mentioned in a number of books on the history of zeppelin flights, but no major biography or other significant document has been written about her life. She is one of the women featured in The Women Who Went Round the World, published in 2024.^[7]

An Australian documentary, The Airships: Ship Of Dreams (2004), included footage of her.^[8]

Semidocumentary Farewell

Lady Drummond-Hay's 1929 experience was explored in Vaarwel ("Farewell"), an episode of the Dutch documentary series Het Uur van de Wolf [nl] ("The Hour of the Wolf"), released in 2009.^[9] It was directed by Ditteke Mensink and researched by Gerard Nijssen, and told her story in semidocumentary form. The footage is of her and Graf Zeppelin's round-the-world flight.^[10]^[11] Extensive newsreel footage from the time showed in some detail how an airship operated. The narration consisted mainly of readings from Lady Drummond-Hay's articles and journal, and included discussion of her relationship with von Wiegand.

Some parts of the film are fictitious; the airship's tail fin did not rip during the flight, but during a previous transatlantic flight in October 1928, nor did the airship have to land on water to do repairs.

Variety described the documentary as 'absorbing'.^[12]

Vaarwel was later broadcast in the UK, on BBC Four, as Around The World by Zeppelin, on 7 February 2010. The English-language narration was by Poppy Elliott.^[13]

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage, 107th edition, vol. 2, ed. Charles Mosley, Burke's Peerage Ltd, 2003, p. 2190
^ ^a ^b Los Angeles to Lakehurst, Time magazine, 9 September 1929
^ Stinson, Patrick M. (2011). Around-the-World Flights: A History. Vol. illustrated. McFarland. p. 61. ISBN 978-0786487165. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
^ "Around the World by Zeppelin" (BBC documentary programme published 8 Jan 2012)
^ ^a ^b "Milestones, Feb. 25, 1946 - TIME". web.archive.org. 27 June 2010. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
^ Life Magazine, 20 Dec 1943
^ Smith, Sally (11 July 2024). The Women Who Went Round the World. The History Press. ISBN 978-1803994680.
^ TV Documentary, The Airships: Ship Of Dreams, Rob McAuley Production, 2004
^ "Vaarwel". 2Doc.nl. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
^ 1929: Im Zeppelin um die Welt, ZweitAusendeins.de website (German).
^ Farewell Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine, TVO.ca, (program viewable in Canada).
^ Felperin, Leslie. Review: "Farewell", Variety.com website, 6 December 2009.
^ "Around the World by Zeppelin" (BBC documentary programme published 8 January 2012)