Harry Diamond (engineer)

Harry Diamond
Harry Diamond
	Harry Diamond, c.1940
Born	February 12, 1900; Russia
Died	June 21, 1948 (aged 48)
Resting place	Arlington National Cemetery
Alma mater	Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1922)
Occupation	Engineer
Spouse	Ida Diamond
Children	2, including Zelda Fichandler

Harry Diamond (12 February 1900 – 21 June 1948) was an American radio pioneer and inventor, and namesake for Diamond Ordnance Fuze Laboratories, which later became part of the Army Research Laboratory.

Early life

Diamond, the son of a Jewish tailor in Minsk, was born on February 12, 1900. In 1908 his family immigrated to the United States, and he grew up in Quincy, Massachusetts. Diamond enlisted in the United States Army on October 14, 1918 and was honorably discharged on December 9, 1918. He graduated with a degree in Electrical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1922. Diamond worked for the General Electric company for 18 months.^[1] He completed his master's degree in Electrical Engineering in 1925 and worked as an Electrical Engineering instructor for 4 years at Lehigh University.^[2]

Bureau of Standards

He joined the National Bureau of Standards in 1927. Diamond headed up the research and development work of the Commerce Department’s newly organized Bureau of Air Commerce.^[3] Within two years he developed radio beacon system that permitted the first "blind" aircraft landing.^[2]^[4]^[5] Diamond and his team made the first visual-type radiobeacon system that enabled a pilot to keep on course and to know his approximate position at all times while in flight. Direction service could be given to any number of planes flying the course, and each airplane only had to carry a receiving set, with no other special equipment whatsoever. The pilot would obtain the necessary information pertaining to amplitude of course deviations hands-free and without requiring earphones. This was accomplished by the development of vibrating-reed indicators alerting the pilot to an off-course condition.^[6]

Proximity Fuze development

Harry Diamond became the Chief of the Electronics Division. The National Bureau of Standards was brought into the program, and he was given responsibility for this phase of the Bureau’s work. Within about four months of the start of the program, Diamond’s group established feasibility of the radio proximity fuze through conclusive tests in bombs dropped at the Naval Proving Ground at Dahlgren, Va. Throughout World War II, this group acted as the central laboratory of Division 4 of the National Defense Research Committee, where Diamond was the central figure of the group. Much of the basic proximity fuze technology was developed under his direction.

Later, as Chief of the Ordnance Development Division, he was assigned the task of supervising the development of proximity fuzes for nonrotating projectiles such as bombs, rockets, and mortars. It was calculated that a fuze which would explode a projectile near a plane or at some height above a target on the surface would increase lethality.

Diamond, through his vast knowledge in the field of electronics, contributed greatly to the fundamental concept and design of proximity fuzes. He held 16 patents for electronics-related inventions. The Ordnance Development Division, upon transfer from the National Bureau of Standards to the Army in 1953, was named the Diamond Ordnance Fuze Laboratories in honor of Mr. Diamond. It has since been renamed the Harry Diamond Laboratories.^[7] The War Department later described inventor Harry Diamond's proximity fuze as "one of the outstanding scientific developments of World War II ... second only to the atomic bomb" in military importance.^[8]

Personal life

Diamond's daughter Zelda Fichandler along with her husband Thomas C. Fichandler in 1950 co-founded the Arena Stage in Washington DC.^[9]

Diamond died on June 21, 1948,^[10] and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery on June 22.^[11]

References

^ Brittain, James E. (September 1993). "Scanning the Past". Proceedings of the IEEE. 81 (9).
^ ^a ^b Cochrane, Rexmond Canning (1966). Measures for Progress: A History of the National Bureau of Standards, Issue 275. Washington DC: National Bureau of standards. pp. 295–297. LCCN 65-62472.
^ Oser, Hans J. (2001). Development of the Visual-Type Airway Radio-Beacon System, special publication number 958. Washington D.C.: National Institute for standards and Technologies. pp. 38–42.
^ Elfin, Margery L. (2006). Forest Hills. Arcadia Publishing. p. 70. ISBN 0-7385-4299-7.
^ Diamond, Harry; Francis W. Dunmore (December 1937). "Experiments with Underground Ultra-High-Frequency Antenna for Airplane Landing Beam". Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers. 25 (12): 1542–1560. doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1937.228820. S2CID 51649249.
^ Radiobeacons and radiobeacon navigation. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1931. pp. 39–40.
^ "Ordnance Corps Tribute". US Military. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
^ "Patriot file". Retrieved March 3, 2013.
^ "The Hour". The Washington Post. June 30, 1976.
^ "Obituary". The Washington Post. June 22, 1948.
^ Burial Detail: Diamond, Harry (Section 12, Grave 1682) – ANC Explorer