IRAS F12134+1257, VCC 0174, KUG 1213+129, CGCG 069-114, MCG +02-31-073, PGC 39263, NVSS J121600+124116, MRK 764
IC 3078 is a spiral galaxy with a ring structure[1] located in Virgo. Its redshift is 0.066148,[2] meaning IC 3078 is located 905 million light-years from Earth.[3] With an apparent dimension of 0.50 x 0.5 arcmin, IC 3038 is about 133,000 light-years across.[4] It was discovered by Royal Harwood Frost on May 7, 1904[5][6] and is listed in the Virgo Cluster catalogue as VCC 174. However, it is not a member of the Virgo Cluster, but instead a background galaxy.[7]
Features
The nucleus of IC 3078 is found to be active. It is a Seyfert galaxy of type 1.9[3] and classified a Markarian galaxy (designated Mrk 764), because compared to other galaxies its nucleus emits excessive amounts of ultraviolet rays.[8] More IC 3078 is a starburst galaxy since a study published in 1983, mentions it displays a bright star-like nucleus. However, it does not display broad-line emission spectra which is the characteristic of Seyfert galaxies.[9] Instead its features can be explained through the presence of the population of hot, young stars. IC 3078 is known to be a star-burst nuclei, in which the phenomenon might supply enough material for gravitationalaccretion, hence the development of active galaxies.[9]
According to a further study done by Hideaki and Yoshiaki, it is proven IC 3078 is classified an old starburst galaxy, which is deficient in O-type stars and does not exhibit strong line emission. But however, IC 3078 still has many B stars which is expected to heat up dust grains and generate strong continuum emission in far-infrared areas.[10] Furthermore, IC 3078 lies in the ~9033 square degrees of the sky which is observed by the VLA FIRST survey radio catalogue. From the results, a positive detection of radio emission is found, IC 3078 included, in 775 AGN of which 214 of them show new detections at radio wavelengths.[11]
Moreover, IC 3078 has been observed by IRAS for its optically selected starburst nuclei to derived its far-infraredluminosity and through tabulating its distance and blue and Hα luminosity, written by Deutsch and Willner.[12] It was also one of the galaxies to be studied by Kiso Survey for ultraviolet-excess, which was detected on multi-color plates by the Kiso Schmidt telescope for 10 survey fields and catalogued down to a magnitude of 18.[13]
In a study conducted in 1995, which radio data is presented for IC 3078 and 898 other Markarian galaxies which was observed at v=4.755 GHz through the NRAO-Green Bank 300 foot (91m) telescope, scientists found that detection rates increased to (49%, 33%) amongst seyferts and to (73%, 42%) for those with starburst nuclei.[14] From the study, it is found that IC 3078 has a radio luminosity of h^2^P_1.415_ < 10^23^ W Hz^-1^, a characteristic of normal galaxies.[14]