Isotopes of rhodium
Nuclides with atomic number of 45 but with different mass numbers
Naturally occurring rhodium (45 Rh) is composed of only one stable isotope , 103 Rh.[4] The most stable radioisotopes are 101 Rh with a half-life of 3.3 years, 102 Rh with a half-life of 207 days, and 99 Rh with a half-life of 16.1 days. Thirty other radioisotopes have been characterized with atomic weights ranging from 88.949 u (89 Rh) to 121.943 u (122 Rh). Most of these have half-lives that are less than an hour except 100 Rh (half-life: 20.8 hours) and 105 Rh (half-life: 35.36 hours). There are also numerous meta states with the most stable being 102m Rh (0.141 MeV) with a half-life of about 3.7 years and 101m Rh (0.157 MeV) with a half-life of 4.34 days.
The primary decay mode before the only stable isotope, 103 Rh, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta emission . The primary decay product before 103 Rh is ruthenium and the primary product after is palladium .
List of isotopes
Nuclide[n 1]
Z
N
Isotopic mass (Da ) [n 2] [n 3]
Half-life [n 4]
Decay mode [n 5]
Daughter isotope [n 6]
Spin andparity [n 7] [n 4]
Isotopic abundance
Excitation energy[n 4]
90 Rh
45
45
89.94457(22)#
29(3) ms
β+
90 Ru
(0+)
β+ , p ? (<0.7%)
89 Tc
90m Rh[n 8]
0(500)# keV
0.56(2) s
β+ (90.4%)
90 Ru
(7+)
β+ , p (9.6%)
89 Tc
91 Rh
45
46
90.93712(32)#
1.47(22) s
β+ (98.7%)
91 Ru
(9/2+)
β+ , p (1.3%)
90 Tc
91m Rh
172.9(4) keV
1.8# s
β+ ?
91 Ru
1/2−#
β+ , p?
90 Tc
IT ?
91 Rh
92 Rh
45
47
91.9323677(47)
5.61(8) s
β+ (97.95%)
92 Ru
(6+)
β+ , p (2.05%)
91 Tc
92m1 Rh
50(100)# keV
3.18(22) s
β+ (98.3%)
92 Ru
(2+)
β+ , p (1.7%)
91 Tc
92m2 Rh
105(100)# keV
232(15) ns
IT
92 Rh
(4+)
93 Rh
45
48
92.9259128(28)
13.9(16) s
β+
93 Ru
9/2+#
94 Rh
45
49
93.9217305(36)
70.6(6) s
β+ (98.2%)
94 Ru
(4+)
β+ , p (1.8%)
93 Tc
94m1 Rh
54.60(20)# keV
480(30) ns
IT
94 Rh
(2+)
94m2 Rh[n 8]
300(200)# keV
25.8(2) s
β+
94 Ru
(8+)
95 Rh
45
50
94.9158979(42)
5.02(10) min
β+
95 Ru
(9/2)+
95m Rh
543.3(3) keV
1.96(4) min
IT (88%)
95 Rh
(1/2)−
β+ (12%)
95 Ru
96 Rh
45
51
95 914452(11)
9.90(10) min
β+
96 Ru
6+
96m Rh
51.98(9) keV
1.51(2) min
IT (60%)
96 Rh
3+
β+ (40%)
96 Ru
97 Rh
45
52
96.911328(38)
30.7(6) min
β+
97 Ru
9/2+
97m Rh
258.76(18) keV
46.2(16) min
β+ (94.4%)
97 Ru
1/2−
IT (5.6%)
97 Rh
98 Rh
45
53
97.910708(13)
8.72(12) min
β+
98 Ru
(2)+
98m Rh[n 8]
56.3(10) keV
3.6(2) min
IT (89%)
98 Rh
(5+)
β+ (11%)
98 Ru
99 Rh
45
54
98.908121(21)
16.1(2) d
β+
99 Ru
1/2−
99m Rh
64.4(5) keV
4.7(1) h
β+
99 Ru
9/2+
IT?
99 Rh
100 Rh
45
55
99.908114(19)
20.8(1) h
EC (95.1%)
100 Ru
1−
β+ (4.9%)
100 Ru
100m1 Rh
74.782(14) keV
214.0(20) ns
IT
100 Rh
(2)+
100m2 Rh
107.6(2) keV
4.6(2) min
IT (98.3%)
100 Rh
(5+)
β+ (1.7%)
100 Ru
100m3 Rh
219.61(22) keV
130(10) ns
IT
100 Rh
(7+)
101 Rh
45
56
100.9061589(63)
4.07(5) y
EC
101 Ru
1/2−
101m Rh
157.32(3) keV
4.343(10) d
EC (92.80%)
101 Ru
9/2+
IT (7.20%)
101 Rh
102 Rh
45
57
101.9068343(69)
207.0(15) d
β+ (78%)
102 Ru
2−
β− (22%)
102 Pd
102m Rh
140.73(9) keV
3.742(10) y
β+ (99.77%)
102 Ru
6+
IT (0.233%)
102 Rh
103 Rh[n 9]
45
58
102.9054941(25)
Stable
1/2−
1.0000
103m Rh
39.753(6) keV
56.114(9) min
IT
103 Rh
7/2+
104 Rh
45
59
103.906656(3)
42.3(4) s
β− (99.55%)
104 Pd
1+
β+ (.449%)
104 Ru
104m Rh
128.967(4) keV
4.34(3) min
5+
105 Rh[n 9]
45
60
104.905694(4)
35.36(6) h
β−
105 Pd
7/2+
105m Rh
129.781(4) keV
42.9(3) s
IT
105 Rh
1/2−
β−
105 Pd
106 Rh
45
61
105.907287(8)
29.80(8) s
β−
106 Pd
1+
106m Rh
136(12) keV
131(2) min
β−
106 Pd
(6)+
107 Rh
45
62
106.906748(13)
21.7(4) min
β−
107 Pd
7/2+
107m Rh
268.36(4) keV
>10 μs
1/2−
108 Rh
45
63
107.90873(11)
16.8(5) s
β−
108 Pd
1+
108m Rh
−60(110) keV
6.0(3) min
β−
108 Pd
(5)(+#)
109 Rh
45
64
108.908737(13)
80(2) s
β−
109 Pd
7/2+
110 Rh
45
65
109.91114(5)
28.5(15) s
β−
110 Pd
(>3)(+#)
110m Rh
−60(50) keV
3.2(2) s
β−
110 Pd
1+
111 Rh
45
66
110.91159(3)
11(1) s
β−
111 Pd
(7/2+)
112 Rh
45
67
111.91439(6)
3.45(37) s
β−
112 Pd
1+
112m Rh
330(70) keV
6.73(15) s
β−
112 Pd
(4, 5, 6)
113 Rh
45
68
112.91553(5)
2.80(12) s
β−
113 Pd
(7/2+)
114 Rh
45
69
113.91881(12)
1.85(5) s
β− (>99.9%)
114 Pd
1+
β− , n (<.1%)
113 Pd
114m Rh
200(150)# keV
1.85(5) s
β−
114 Pd
(4, 5)
115 Rh
45
70
114.92033(9)
0.99(5) s
β−
115 Pd
(7/2+)#
116 Rh
45
71
115.92406(15)
0.68(6) s
β− (>99.9%)
116 Pd
1+
β− , n (<.1%)
115 Pd
116m Rh
200(150)# keV
570(50) ms
β−
116 Pd
(6−)
117 Rh
45
72
116.92598(54)#
0.44(4) s
β−
117 Pd
(7/2+)#
118 Rh
45
73
117.93007(54)#
310(30) ms
β−
118 Pd
(4−10)(+#)
119 Rh
45
74
118.93211(64)#
190(6) ms
β−
119 Pd
7/2+#
β− , n (6.4%)
118 Pd
120 Rh
45
75
119.93641(64)#
129.6(42) ms
β−
120 Pd
8−#
β− , n (<9.3%)
119 Pd
121 Rh
45
76
120.93872(97)#
74(4) ms
β−
121 Pd
7/2+#
β− , n (>11%)
120 Pd
122 Rh
45
77
121.94321(75)#
51(6) ms
β−
122 Pd
7−#
β− , n (<3.9%)
121 Pd
123 Rh
45
78
42(4) ms
β−
123 Pd
7/2+#
β− , n (>24%)
122 Pd
124 Rh
45
79
30(2) ms
β−
124 Pd
2+#
β− , n (<31%)
123 Pd
125 Rh
45
80
26.5(20) ms
β−
125 Pd
7/2+#
126 Rh
45
81
19(3) ms
β−
126 Pd
1−#
127 Rh
45
82
28(14) ms
β−
127 Pd
7/2+#
128 Rh
45
83
8# ms
This table header & footer:
^ m Rh – Excited nuclear isomer .
^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
^ a b c # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
^
Modes of decay:
^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
^ a b c Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
^ a b Fission product
References
^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF) . Chinese Physics C . 45 (3): 030001. doi :10.1088/1674-1137/abddae .
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Rhodium" . CIAAW . 2017.
^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure and Applied Chemistry . doi :10.1515/pac-2019-0603 . ISSN 1365-3075 .
^ John W. Arblaster (April 2011). "The Discoverers of the Rhodium Isotopes. The thirty-eight known rhodium isotopes found between 1934 and 2010" . Platinum Metals Review . 55 (2): 124–134. doi :10.1595/147106711X555656 .
Isotope masses from:
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" , Nuclear Physics A , 729 : 3–128, Bibcode :2003NuPhA.729....3A , doi :10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
National Nuclear Data Center . "NuDat 2.x database" . Brookhaven National Laboratory .
Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press . ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9 .
Group
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Period
Hydrogen and alkali metals
Alkaline earth metals
Pnictogens
Chalcogens
Halogens
Noble gases
①
1
2
②
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
③
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
④
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
⑤
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
⑥
55
56
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
⑦
87
88
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
⑧
119
120
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102