Jōkyō

964–968	Kōhō
968–970	Anna
970–973	Tenroku
973–976	Ten'en
976–978	Jōgen
978–983	Tengen
983–985	Eikan
985–987	Kanna
987–988	Eien
988–990	Eiso
990–995	Shōryaku
995–999	Chōtoku
999–1004	Chōhō
1004–1012	Kankō
1012–1017	Chōwa
1017–1021	Kannin
1021–1024	Jian
1024–1028	Manju
1028–1037	Chōgen
1037–1040	Chōryaku

806–810	Daidō
810–824	Kōnin
824–834	Tenchō
834–848	Jōwa
848–851	Kashō
851–854	Ninju
854–857	Saikō
857–859	Ten'an
859–877	Jōgan
877–885	Gangyō
885–889	Ninna
889–898	Kanpyō
898–901	Shōtai
901–923	Engi
923–931	Enchō
931–938	Jōhei
938–947	Tengyō
947–957	Tenryaku
957–961	Tentoku
961–964	Ōwa

645–650	Taika
650–654	Hakuchi
686–686	Shuchō
701–704	Taihō
704–708	Keiun
708–715	Wadō
Nara
715–717	Reiki
717–724	Yōrō
724–729	Jinki
729–749	Tenpyō
749	Tenpyō-kanpō
749–757	Tenpyō-shōhō
757–765	Tenpyō-hōji
765–767	Tenpyō-jingo
767–770	Jingo-keiun
770–781	Hōki
781–782	Ten'ō
782–806	Enryaku

Jōkyō (貞享) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, "year name") after Tenna and before Genroku. This period spanned the years from February 1684 through September 1688.^[1] The reigning emperors were Reigen-tennō (霊元天皇) and Higashiyama-tennō (東山天皇).^[2]

Change of era

1684 Jōkyō gannen (貞享元年): The new era of Jōkyō (meaning "Taking Righteousness") was created to mark the start of a new cycle of the Chinese zodiac. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Tenna 4, on the 21st day of the 2nd month.

Subsequently, the power to create a calendar shifted to the Tokugawa shogunate, and the authority of the Imperial calendar was diminished after 1684.^[3] In that year, the astrology bureau of the Tokugawa bakufu created a "Japanese" calendar which was independent of Chinese almanacs.^[4]

Events of the Jōkyō era

1684 (Jōkyō 1): A fire burned the Kyoto Imperial Palace to ashes. The reconstruction took a year.^[5]
1684 (Jōkyō 1): Having met with success in Osaka's kabuki theater, Chikamatsu Monzaemon began to write plays for the kabuki audience in Heian-kyō. In part, his success stemmed from the way his work would sometimes mirror current happenings and contemporary urban characters.^[6]
March 26, 1685 (Jōkyō 2, 22nd day of the 2nd month): The former Emperor Go-Sai died. A large comet appeared in the night sky.^[2]
April 13, 1686 (Jōkyō 3, 21st day of the 3rd month): Emperor Reigen abdicated in favor of his son, who become Emperor Higashiyama.^[2] After abdication, Reigen's new home was called the Sentō-gosho (The Palace for an Ex-Emperor).^[5] The Jōkyō Uprising occurred in October.
December 20, 1687 (Jōkyō 4, 16th day of the 11th month): The esoteric Daijō-sai ceremony, having been in abeyance since the time of Emperor Go-Kashiwabara—for nine reigns—was revived because of the bakufu's insistence.^[7] This Shinto ritual is performed only once by each emperor during the enthronement ceremonies.^[8]

Notes

^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Jōkyō" Japan Encyclopedia, p. 431, p. 431, at Google Books; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File.
^ ^a ^b ^c Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 415.
^ Murdoch, James. (1996). A History of Japan, pp. 185-186.
^ Fiévé, Nicolas. Japanese Capitals in Historical Perspective, p. 236.
^ ^a ^b Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956). Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794–1869, p. 342.
^ Calvet, Robert. (2003). Les Japonais, p. 182.
^ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 318.
^ Bock, Felicia G. (1990). "The Great Feast of the Enthronement", Monumenta Nipponica, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 27–38.

References

Bock, Felicia G. (1990). "The Great Feast of the Enthronement", Monumenta Nipponica, Vol. 45, No. 1.
Calvert, Robert. (2003). Les Japonais: Histoire d'un peuple. Paris: Armand Colin. ISBN 2200263171 ISBN 9782200263171; OCLC 319808494
Nicolas Fiévé, Nicolas and Paul Waley. (2003). Japanese Capitals in Historical Perspective: Place, Power and Memory in Kyoto, Edo and Tokyo. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780415405812 ISBN 0415405815; OCLC 679941527
Murdoch, James. (1903). A History of Japan. Yokohama: Kelly & Walsh. OCLC 2482639
Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 48943301
Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1956). Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794–1869. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 182637732
Screech, Timon. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822. London: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 978-0-203-09985-8; OCLC 65177072
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691.