John Gellibrand Hubbard, 1st Baron AddingtonPC (21 March 1805 – 28 August 1889), was a City of London financier and a Conservative Party politician.
Background and early life
He was born at Stratford Grove, Essex, the son of John Hubbard and his wife Marianne Morgan, daughter of John Morgan of Bramfield Place.[1] John Hubbard, who died in 1847, was a merchant in the City of London, head of the firm J. Hubbard & Co., Russian merchants.[2] It was one of a small group of family companies controlling British textile trade with Russia, and opened an office in St Petersburg in 1816.[3] William Hubbard, John Hubbard's father, had been a merchant in Archangelsk, before settling in St Petersburg.[4]
John Gellibrand Hubbard became a partner in the family company in 1821.[3]
Finance
Hubbard worked as a financier in London, with his brother William Egerton Hubbard more involved in the company as a merchant for a long period in St Petersburg.[3][4] He became a director of the Guardian Fire and Life Assurance Co.
The first parliamentary session of 1860 saw Hubbard with Lord Robert Cecil introduce a bill on reform of church rates. It proposed a range of exemptions, but ran out of time. The Liberation Society, supported in the House of Commons by Sir John Salusbury-Trelawny, wished to see them abolished, but its backing was reaching a peak. Trelawny and other Liberals were looking for a compromise.[17] In terms of practical politics, the issue was a reform that would pass both in the Commons and the House of Lords. Hubbard's bill was brought back on several occasions, and Charles Newdigate Newdegate offered a reform by commutation of church rates. It took eight years for an acceptable reform to emerge. A bill of W. E. Gladstone, which had something in common with Hubbard's, was heavily amended in the Lords, and then passed into law as the Compulsory Church Rate Abolition Act in 1868.[18]
Hubbard had Addington Manor, at Addington, Buckinghamshire, built to a design by Philip Charles Hardwick in 1856–7.[20] Its site was near the earlier Addington House, which had belonged to John Poulett son of Vere Poulett, but had fallen into disrepair. Hubbard bought the estate there in 1854. The landscape architect William Andrews Nesfield was brought into a planning process from about 1855. The new building was in a French style with a large conservatory.[21] Hubbard demolished part of the old house in 1857.[22] He retained his London house, 24 Prince's Gate, South Kensington opposite Hyde Park.[23]
The parish priest at Addington and Shenley in 1865 was the Rev. Robert William Scurr, who died in 1866.[24][25] As patron of the Addington church, Hubbard brought in the Rev. David Greig (1826–1903), who had been at Holy Trinity, Brompton, as incumbent in 1869;[26][27][28] Greig had early background of urban mission work in Dundee.[29]
Hubbard was a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society.[16] He died at Addington Manor on 28 August 1889, at the age of 84, and was buried in the parish churchyard. The probate value of his estate was £111,985 6s. 1d.[1]
Hubbard was a supporter of the Corn Laws of early 19th-century Britain. He advocated in 1842 for a moderate, fixed duty on corn imports.[42] He published in the 1840s:[43]
Vindication of a Fixed Duty on Corn: To which are Added Remarks Suggested by the Speech of R.A. Christopher, Esq. M.P. at Lincoln (1842).[44] The subtitle refers to Robert Nisbet-Hamilton, at the time of publication known as Robert Christopher.
A Letter to the Right Honourable Sir Charles Wood, Bart., M.P., Chancellor of the Exchequer, on the Monetary Pressure and Commercial Distress of 1847 (1848),[47] on the panic of 1847.
Convinced capital and income should be treated differently, Hubbard lobbied in parliament for the fiscal treatment of income tax on earned income only. The topic was under active discussion for a decade from 1852, with contributions also from William Farr, J. R. McCulloch and William Lucas Sargant.[48]
How Should an Income Tax be Levied?: Considered in a Letter to the Right Honourable Benjamin Disraeli, M.P., Chancellor of the Exchequer (1852)[49]
Reform or Reject the Income-tax: Objections to a Reform of the Income-tax Considered in Two Letters to the Editor of the Times : with Additional Notes (1853)[50]
Gladstone on the Income Tax: Discussion on the Income Tax, in the House of Commons on 25th April, 1884 : with Preface and Historical Sketch, Including a Proposed Bill (1885)[51]
Religious positions
Hubbard was a High Church Tory, and his position was defined by Urban T. Holmes III as "a "Prayer Book Catholic", with strong social concerns."[52] He wrote pamphlets on a range of topics with a religious aspect. At the time of the Gorham Case, he chaired a meeting about it on 23 July 1850. His remarks from the chair spoke for opponents of the Privy Council's decision.[53]
The Church and Church Rates. A Letter to the Electors of the Borough of Buckingham (1861)[54]
The Attendance of Non-Communicants at the Administration of the Holy Communion. Reprinted from a Letter to the Editor of "The Church Review" (1864)[55]
The Conscience Clause of the Education Department. Illustrated from the Evidence Taken by the Select Committee on Education, Etc.[56]
The National Church and the National Society for Promoting the Education of the Poor in the Principles of the Established Church: A Speech Delivered at Birmingham on October 31, 1876 (1877)[57]
Speech of the Right Hon. J.G. Hubbard, M.P.: On Mr. Osborne Morgan's Resolution Respecting the Burials Question (1878)[58]
A Census of Religions; Denominational Worship; The National Church: Three Essays (1882)[59]
Family
Hubbard married Maria Margaret Napier, daughter of Captain William John Napier, 9th Lord Napier of Merchistoun, and Eliza Cochrane-Johnstone, on 19 May 1837. They had five sons and four daughters:[60]
Arthur Gellibrand Hubbard (1848–1896). He worked in colonial administration in southern Africa, and married in 1881 Amy d'Esterre Huntley (Amelia d'Esterre Huntly), daughter of Charles Hugh Huntley.[61]
According to Daunton, "The Hubbards provide an object lesson on how to mishandle inheritance and succession in a family firm [...]".[62] Organisationally the partnerships J. Hubbard & Co. of London and W. E. Hubbard & Co. of St Petersburg were merged, and in 1897 Anglo-Russian Cotton Factories Ltd. was formed. But the business was in financial trouble, and was bailed out by Stuart Rendel.[1]
Arms
Coat of arms of John Hubbard, 1st Baron Addington
Crest
In front of a fasces fessewise Proper an eagle's head as in the arms.
Escutcheon
Vert a chevron engrailed plain cotised Argent between three eagles' heads erased of the second each gorged with a collar fleurettée Gules
Supporters
On either side an eagle Argent wings addorsed gorged with a collar fleurettée Gules and pendent therefrom an escutcheon Ermine charged with a rose Gules
Motto
Alta Petens (Latin for: Seeking Higher Things)[63]
^Craig, F. W. S. (1989) [1977]. British parliamentary election results 1832–1885 (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 69–70. ISBN0-900178-26-4.
^Ellens, Jacob (23 August 1994). Religious Routes to Gladstonian Liberalism: The Church Rate Conflict in England and Wales 1852–1868. Penn State Press. pp. 168 and 174. ISBN978-0-271-07257-9.
^Ellens, Jacob (23 August 1994). "Chapter V". Religious Routes to Gladstonian Liberalism: The Church Rate Conflict in England and Wales 1852–1868. Penn State Press. ISBN978-0-271-07257-9.
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