Lesser trochanter

Lesser trochanter
Lesser trochanter
	Left hip-joint, opened by removing the floor of the acetabulum from within the pelvis.
	Upper extremity of right femur viewed from behind and above.
Details
Insertions	Psoas major, iliacus
Identifiers
Latin	trochanter minor
TA98	A02.5.04.007
TA2	1366
FMA	32853
	Anatomical terms of bone [edit on Wikidata]

In human anatomy, the lesser trochanter is a conical, posteromedial, bony projection from the shaft of the femur. It serves as the principal insertion site of the iliopsoas muscle.^[1]

Structure

The lesser trochanter is a conical posteromedial projection of the shaft of the femur, projecting from the posteroinferior aspect of its junction with the femoral neck.^[1]

The summit and anterior surface of the lesser trochanter are rough, whereas its posterior surface is smooth.^[1]

From its apex three well-marked borders extend:^[2]

two of these are above
- a medial continuous with the lower border of the femur neck
- a lateral with the intertrochanteric crest
the inferior border is continuous with the middle division of the linea aspera

Attachments

The summit of the lesser trochanter gives insertion to the tendon of the psoas major muscle and the iliacus muscle;^[3] the lesser trochanter represents the principal attachment of the iliopsoas.^[1]

Anatomical relations

The intertrochanteric crest (which demarcates the junction of the femoral shaft and neck posteriorly) extends between the lesser trochanter and the greater trochanter on the posterior surface of the femur.^[1]

Clinical significance

The lesser trochanter can be involved in an avulsion fracture.^[4]

Other animals

Paleontology

The position of the lesser trochanter close to the head of the femur is one of the defining characteristics of the Prozostrodontia, which is the clade of cynodonts including mammals and their closest non-mammaliform relatives. It was erected as a node-based taxon as the least inclusive clade containing Prozostrodon brasiliensis, Tritylodon langaevus, Pachygenelus monus, and Mus musculus (the house mouse).^[5]

All living mammals have a lesser trochanter, whose size, shape, and position is distinctive to their species.

Additional images

Right femur. Posterior surface.
Right hip-joint from the front.
Capsule of hip-joint (distended). Posterior aspect.
Hip joint. Lateral view. Lesser trochanter
Muscles of thigh. Anterior views.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 245 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Gray's anatomy : the anatomical basis of clinical practice. Susan Standring (Forty-second ed.). [New York]. 2021. p. 1362. ISBN 978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
^ Gray, Henry (1918). Gray's Anatomy (20th ed.). p. 245.
^ Federle, Michael P.; Rosado-de-Christenson, Melissa L.; Raman, Siva P.; Carter, Brett W., eds. (2017-01-01), "Female Pelvic Floor", Imaging Anatomy: Chest, Abdomen, Pelvis (Second Edition), Elsevier, pp. 1050–1077, ISBN 978-0-323-47781-9, retrieved 2021-01-22
^ Khoury JG, Brandser EA, Found EM, Buckwalter JA (1998). "Non-traumatic lesser trochanter avulsion: a report of three cases". Iowa Orthop J. 18: 150–4. PMC 2378165. PMID 9807723.
^ Liu, J.; Olsen, P. (2010). "The Phylogenetic Relationships of Eucynodontia (Amniota: Synapsida)". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 17 (3): 151. doi:10.1007/s10914-010-9136-8. S2CID 40871206.

External links

Anatomy figure: 13:01-11 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
lljoints at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (hipjointanterior, hipjointposterior)