Leverkusen

	Largest groups of foreign residents
Turkey	3,776
Italy	2,382
Poland	2,159
North Macedonia	1,956
Greece	1,254
Croatia	1,015
Others:	12,096

Leverkusen
Leverkusen
City
	Chempark BayArena Bayer headquarters Bergisch Neukirchen´s old town Houses in Wiesdorf´s Gründerzeit old town Morsbroich Museum
	Flag Coat of arms
	Leverkusen within North Rhine-Westphalia
	Leverkusen Leverkusen
	Coordinates: 51°02′N 06°59′E / 51.033°N 6.983°E
Country	Germany
State	North Rhine-Westphalia
Admin. region	Köln
District	Urban district
Government
• Lord mayor (2020–25)	Uwe Richrath (SPD)
• Governing parties	CDU / SPD / Bürgerliste
Area
• Total	78.85 km2 (30.44 sq mi)
Elevation	60 m (200 ft)
Population (2023-12-31)
• Total	166,414
• Density	2,100/km2 (5,500/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Dialling codes	0214, 02171 & 02173
Vehicle registration	LEV and OP
Website	www.leverkusen.de

Leverkusen (German: [ˈleːvɐˌkuːzn̩] ^ⓘ) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the eastern bank of the Rhine. To the south, Leverkusen borders the city of Cologne, and to the north the state capital, Düsseldorf. The city is part of the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region, one of Europe's largest urban areas.

With about 163,000 inhabitants, Leverkusen is one of the state's smaller cities. The city is known for the pharmaceutical company Bayer and its sports club Bayer 04 Leverkusen.

History

The heart of what is now Leverkusen was Wiesdorf, a village on the Rhine, which dates back to the 12th century.^[3] With the surrounding villages which have now been incorporated, the area also includes the rivers Wupper and Dhünn,^[4] and has suffered a lot from flooding, notably in 1571 and 1657, the latter resulting in Wiesdorf being moved East from the river to its present location.^[3]

During the Cologne War, from 1583 to 1588 Leverkusen was ravaged by war. The entire area was rural until the late 19th century, when industry prompted the development that led to the city of Leverkusen, and to its becoming one of the most important centres of the German chemical industry.

The chemist Carl Leverkus, looking for a place to build a dye factory, chose Wiesdorf in 1860. He built a factory for the production of artificial ultramarine blue at the Kahlberg in Wiesdorf in 1861, and called the emerging settlement "Leverkusen" after his family home in Lennep. The factory was taken over by the Bayer company in 1891; Bayer moved its headquarters to Wiesdorf in 1912. After asset confiscation at the end of the First World War, it became IG Farben. The city of Leverkusen proper was founded in 1930 by merging Wiesdorf, Schlebusch, Steinbüchel and Rheindorf, and was posthumously named for Carl Leverkus.^[4]

During the Second World War, the IG Farben factories were bombed by the RAF on 22 August 1943,^[5] again by the RAF during bombing campaigns on 19/20 November, the USAAF Eighth Air Force on 1 December 1943,^[6] and finally once again by the RAF on 10/11 December 1943.

In 1975, Opladen (including Quettingen and Lützenkirchen since 1930), Hitdorf and Bergisch Neukirchen joined Leverkusen. The present city is made up of former villages, originally called Wiesdorf, Opladen, Schlebusch, Manfort, Bürrig, Hitdorf, Quettingen, Lützenkirchen, Steinbüchel, Rheindorf and Bergisch-Neukirchen.^[4]

On 27 July 2021, an explosion at the Chempark site in the city killed 7 people and injured 31 others.^[7]

Demographics

Population development since 1832:^[8]

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1832	11,442	—
1871	15,507	+35.5%
1900	24,974	+61.0%
1910	44,088	+76.5%
1925	61,404	+39.3%
1933	67,260	+9.5%
1939	75,171	+11.8%
1946	84,646	+12.6%
1950	98,867	+16.8%
1961	137,516	+39.1%
1970	161,808	+17.7%
1987	154,692	−4.4%
2000	161,426	+4.4%
2010	161,132	−0.2%
2017	166,737	+3.5%

Politics

Mayor

The current mayor of Leverkusen is Uwe Richrath of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), elected in 2015 and re-elected in 2020. The most recent mayoral election was held on 13 September 2020, with a runoff held on 27 September, and the results were as follows:


Candidate		Party	First round		Second round
Candidate		Party	Votes	%	Votes	%
	Uwe Richrath	Social Democratic Party	28,016	46.1	29,438	70.0
	Frank Schönberger	Christian Democratic Union	14,198	23.4	12,619	30.0
	Stefan Baake	Alliance 90/The Greens	7,283	12.0
	Roland Hartwig	Alternative for Germany	3,132	5.2
	Karl Schweiger	Citizens' List Leverkusen	3,070	5.1
	Monika Ballin-Meyer-Ahrens	Free Democratic Party	2,613	4.3
	Christian Alexander Langer	Die PARTEI	1,377	2.3
	Markus Beisicht	Awakening Leverkusen	1,101	1.8
Valid votes			60,790	98.8	42,057	99.1
Invalid votes			744	1.2	362	0.9
Total			61,534	100.0	42,419	100.0
Electorate/voter turnout			126,846	48.5	126,801	33.5
Source: State Returning Officer

City council

The Leverkusen city council governs the city alongside the mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows:


Party		Votes	%	+/-	Seats	+/-
	Christian Democratic Union (CDU)	16,859	27.8	4.7	14	3
	Social Democratic Party (SPD)	15,276	25.2	3.1	13	1
	Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne)	11,015	18.2	8.8	9	4
	Citizens' List Leverkusen (Bürgerliste)	3,630	6.0	1.0	3	1
	Opladen Plus (OP)	3,601	5.9	0.7	3	±0
	Alternative for Germany (AfD)	3,466	5.7	New	3	New
	Free Democratic Party (FDP)	2,937	4.8	1.0	3	1
	The Left (Die Linke)	2,092	3.4	0.4	2	±0
	Citizens' Forum Green Leverkusen – Climate List (Büfo)	909	1.5	New	1	New
	Awakening Leverkusen (AUF)	876	1.4	New	1	New
Valid votes		60,661	98.6
Invalid votes		866	1.4
Total		61,527	100.0		52	±0
Electorate/voter turnout		126,846	48.5	2.3
Source: State Returning Officer

Coat of arms

The coat of arms consists of the two-tailed rampant red lion of the Bergisches Land with a blue crown on a silver background and an embattled line in front.^[4]

Main sights and places of interest

BayArena is the home stadium of Bayer Leverkusen, with a capacity of over 30,000.
The Bayer Cross Leverkusen is one of the largest illuminated advertisements in the world.^{[citation needed]}
Freudenthaler Sensenhammer is an industrial museum.
Schloss Morsbroich – moated castle in the Baroque style, now a museum for contemporary art.
Water Tower Leverkusen-Bürrig – 72.45-metre-high (237.7 ft) water reservoir containing an observation deck.
Neuland Park – large park beside the Rhine.
Japanese Garden – a 1913 garden extended by Carl Duisberg in 1923.^[9]
Colony of workers – historical area in the form of houses and other buildings constructed for employees and families of the chemical works at the end of the 19th and beginning of 20th century.^[10]
Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit – historical boat bridge next to the Rhine, between Wiesdorf and Rheindorf.
Mausoleum of Carl Duisberg – mausoleum in the centre of the Carl Duisberg Park, next to the Casino.
NaturGut Ophoven – educational centre for nature in Leverkusen-Opladen.

Sports

The city is home of the football team Bayer 04 Leverkusen, who won its first Bundesliga title in the 2023–24 season. It is also home of the basketball team Bayer Giants Leverkusen, which is the German record holder of national basketball championships. As of 2019, the team plays in the German ProA league and plays its home games in the Ostermann-Arena.

The Ostermann-Arena, previously known as Wilhelm Dopatka Halle and Smidt-Arena, was one of the host arenas for the FIBA EuroBasket 1985 (the official European Basketball Championship).

Twin towns – sister cities

Leverkusen is twinned with:^[12]

Oulu, Finland (1968)
Bracknell, United Kingdom (1975)
Ljubljana, Slovenia (1979)
Nof HaGalil, Israel (1980)
Chinandega, Nicaragua (1986)
Schwedt, Germany (1989)
Racibórz, Poland (2002)
Villeneuve d'Ascq, France (2005)
Wuxi, China (2014)

Notable people

Lothar Rohde (1906–1985), scientist and founder of Rohde & Schwarz Messtechnik
Heinrich Lützenkirchen (1909–1986), mayor of Leverkusen
Paul Janes (1912–1987), footballer
Wolf Vostell (1932–1988), sculptor, painter and happening artist
Ileana Jacket (born 1947), telenovela actress
Bärbel Dieckmann (born 1949), politician (SPD), mayor of Bonn 1994–2009
Wilfried Schmickler (born 1954), comedian
Andreas Hedwig (born 1959), archivist
Dietmar Mögenburg (born 1961), athlete
Detlef Schrempf (born 1963), basketball player
Sabine Moussier (born 1966), Mexican telenovela actress
Uta Briesewitz (born 1967), cinematographer
Ralf Schmitz (born 1974), actor and comedian
Jörg Bergmeister (born 1976), racing driver
Ji-In Cho (born 1976), heavy metal singer
Danny Ecker (born 1977), pole vaulter
Felix Sturm (born 1979), middleweight boxer

References

^ Wahlergebnisse in NRW Kommunalwahlen 2020, Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, accessed 19 June 2021.
^ "Bevölkerung der Gemeinden Nordrhein-Westfalens am 31. Dezember 2023 – Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes auf Basis des Zensus vom 9. Mai 2011" (in German). Landesbetrieb Information und Technik NRW. Retrieved 2024-06-20.
^ ^a ^b Braun, Detlef (2012). Leverkusen. Erfurt: Sutton. p. 17. ISBN 978-3866809703.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Braun, Detlef (2012). Leverkusen. Erfurt: Sutton. p. 6. ISBN 978-3866809703.
^ WW2 People's War - A Bedfordshire Bomb Aimer - Part Two. BBC. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.
^ 322nd Dailies from 1943 - 91st Bomb Group (H). 91st Bomb Group. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.
^ "Explosion in Chempark Leverkusen: Investigations initiated against three employees;". RND. RND/dpa. 19 October 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
^ "Aktuelles". Stadtgeschichte Leverkusen (in German). Retrieved 2019-08-17.
^ Braun, Detlef (2012). Leverkusen. Erfurt: Sutton. p. 12. ISBN 978-3866809703.
^ Braun, Detlef (2012). Leverkusen. Erfurt: Sutton. pp. 10–11. ISBN 978-3866809703.
^ http://www.leverkusen.com/newsbild/151127/Stadt01.pdf ^{[bare URL PDF]}
^ "Partner in aller Welt". leverkusen.de (in German). Leverkusen. Retrieved 2021-02-18.

Sources

Blaschke, Stefan (1999): Unternehmen und Gemeinde: Das Bayerwerk im Raum Leverkusen 1891-1914 Cologne: SH-Verlag, ISBN 3-89498-068-0 (German)
Archive of Leverkusen (2005): Leverkusen. Geschichte einer Stadt am Rhein. Bielefeld: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, ISBN 3-89534-575-X (German)
Franz Gruß (1987): Geschichte und Porträt der Stadt Leverkusen. Leverkusen: Verlag Anna Gruß, ISBN 3-930478-03-X (German)